US3410214A - Percussion fuze - Google Patents

Percussion fuze Download PDF

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Publication number
US3410214A
US3410214A US599430A US59943066A US3410214A US 3410214 A US3410214 A US 3410214A US 599430 A US599430 A US 599430A US 59943066 A US59943066 A US 59943066A US 3410214 A US3410214 A US 3410214A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slide
fuze
safety
pin
hole
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Expired - Lifetime
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US599430A
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English (en)
Inventor
Irion Ferdinand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OC Oerlikon Corp AG Pfaeffikon
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Oerlikon Buehrle Holding AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
    • F42C1/06—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact for any direction of impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/184—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a slidable carrier

Definitions

  • a percussion fuze having a firing pin, supported axially slidable in the fuse casing is movable against la primer with a carrier for the firing pin spring-loaded in the same direction, which carrier, by means of locking bodies engaging in it and a slidable safety sleeve, when in an armed position is checked against sliding owing to the spring force.
  • This invention relates to ya percussion fuze for a shell. More particularly the invention relates to a percussion fuze with a safety device which, on discharge of the shell, is only released at the end of an acceleration phase.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a percussion fuze which responds even if the shell stri-kes the target at a small angle, f for example, with a grazing shot.
  • a yfurther object of this invention is to obtain a safety device which always gives the same delay times, very reliably and free from outside influences, e.g. from the temperature.
  • a safety pin is provided as a safety device, which must be withdrawn before tiring the shell. This safety protection is thus inoperative during the phase of acceleration of the shell, i.e. during the passage down the bore. If in this phase of the motion forces act on the impact body which are directed axially, or across the axis of the gun, then it can be shifted by these forces and thereby cause the fuze to operate.
  • An object of the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages and produce a percussion fuze wherein the safety device, which responds to the axial acceleration of the shell land frees the safety sleeve owing to the cessation of the acceleration, has a slide containing the primer, slidable at right angles to the firing pin, which is slidable into an operative and an inoperative position, and that the locking component, when the slide is located in the inoperative position, is retained in its locked position lby the latter.
  • Safety devices are known, which are only released at the end of the acceleration phase.
  • a slide movable at right angles to the ring pin is provided, which is slidable into an operative and into an inoperative position and is held in its inoperative position by a transport-safety device.
  • this transport-safety device liberates the slide, so that the slide can move into its operative position under the inuence of a spring.
  • This movement is checked by a cataract of fluid, in order to prevent too-rapid arming of the fuze.
  • Such delaying devices are, however, unreliable and show widely-varying values, owing to their dependence on temperature.
  • a further object is to provide another locking body to 3,410,214 Patented Nov. 12, 1968 check the safety sleeve, which is retained by the locking component mentioned in the locked position, and the safety sleeve can have a coned surface on which the locking body is supported in the locked position.
  • the locking component can have a coned part which, under the influence of a spring, can engage ina corresponding conical recess in the slide located in its inoperative position and thereby prevents the slide from sliding into its operative position during an axial acceleration.
  • the slide can have a hole, in which the firing pin can engage with the slide in the inoperative position during an axial acceleration of the shell, in order to prevent movement of the slide.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a percussion fuze when in position for transport.
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view taken upon section line II-II looking in the direction of the arrows.
  • FIGURE 3 is a view similar to FIGURE 1 showing the elements with the tiring pin in armed position.
  • FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a modication of the fuze with the elements in transport position.
  • FIGURE 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a base fuze according to a second modification with the elements in transport position
  • FIGURE 6 is a view similar to FIGURE 5 showing the elements in the position at the moment of firing.
  • a cap 3 is secured to a fuze body 2 screwed into a shell body 1, which centralizes a bearing body 4 placed on the Ifuze body 2.
  • An intermediate body 5 is supported on the bearing body 4 and supports a carrier guide 6.
  • the bearing Ibody 4, the intermediate body 5 and the carrier guide 6 are held in position by the cap 3 resting againsting the flange 6a of the carrier guide ⁇ 6.
  • Au axially-symmetrical cavity 7 is bounded by the cap 3 and the body 4, the cylindrical portion 7a of which adjoins cone-shaped spaces both behind and in front.
  • a groove 8 of rectangular cross-section, at right angles to the fuze axis, is provided in the fuze body 2, in which a prism-shaped slide 9 is slidably supported.
  • the slide 9 contains a primer 10 in a hole parallel to the fuze axis.
  • a groove 11 is provided on an end surface of the slide 9, which has a semicircular bottom portion 11a.
  • the front surface of the slide has a conical recess 12, which is arranged coaxially with the semicircular groove bottom portion 11a.
  • the axis of the primer 10, the axis of the groove bottom portion 11a and the plane of symmetry of the groove 11 lie in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the slide 9.
  • Two pins 14 are slidably guided in two holes 13 (FIG. 2), arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the slide 9, on which act the springs 15. These springs 15, on the one hand, press the pins 14 against the inside surface of the cap 3 and, on the other hand, the slide 9 against the safety bolt 16 having a guiding portion 16a which is slidably supported in the hole 17 of the -fuze body 2.
  • the bolt 16 rests with the shoulder 16b on a ring-shaped locking plate 18 connected to it, which is supported with its outwardly-projecting tabs 18a on the shoulder 17a of the narrower hole 17b.
  • a pin 19 is secured in the fuze body 2, arranged parallel to the fuze axis and protruding into a hole in the bearing body 4, serving as a stop for the slide 9.
  • a capsule 20a, with a booster charge 20, is screwed into the fuze body 2,.
  • a hole 21 forms a connection between the groove 8 and the capsule 20a.
  • a i-ring pin 22 is slidably supported in the guide 6,
  • a safety member 25 is slid over the body 6 with its front sleeve-like part 25a, and guided on the outside of the body 6, while its rear end is guided in the hole 4a of the bea-ring body 4.
  • the hole has a slight constriction 25e and below it an enlargement 25d.
  • the safety member 2S rests with its rear end surface 25e, arranged at right angles to the fuze axis, on an inertia body 27.
  • This body 27 has an outside diameter smaller than the hole 4a in the bearing body and is made with a cone-shaped end surface 27a, tapering to the rear, with the same taper as that of the surface 4b of the bearing body 4, on which it rests.
  • a locking pin 30 is slidably supported in a hole 2S in the bearing body 4, which widens out to the ⁇ rear to the hole 29.
  • This pin 30 has a flange-like enlargement 30a and, adjoining the latter, a coned surface 30h, contracting downwardly, joining the cylindrical end of pin 30.
  • the surface 30b Under the pressure of a spring 34, the surface 30b abuts against the coned surface 12 of the slide 9, made with the same taper.
  • the lower cylindrical end of the locking pin 30 lies coaxially with the rounded groove bottom portion 11a of the slide 9 and is, furthermore, guided in a hole 31 in the fuze body 2.
  • a ball 33 is supported in a transverse hole 32 connecting the hole 28 with the cavity 7, which on the one hand rests against the locking pin 30 and on the other hand against the cone-shaped surface 25;f of the safety member 25, and therewith prevents the latter from forward movement.
  • the pin 16 forming the transport safety device On discharge of the shell fitted with the fuze from a gun, the pin 16 forming the transport safety device, under the effect of inertia forces, moves to the rear into the hole 17, overcoming the resistance to deformation of the tabs 18a of the locking ring 18, which are thereby folded forwardly, thus clearing the way for the slide 9 into the armed position. Owing to the deformed tabs 18a of the ring, which hook into the wall of the hole, the pin 16 is also held in this position after the end of the acceleration. During the period of acceleration of the shell in the barrel, the locking pin 30 is also pressed with its coned surface 30b against the cone-shaped support 12 of the slide 9.
  • the safety member 25 presses, with its surface 25j, the balls 33 -outwardly into the transverse hole 32.
  • the balls 24 are at the same time liberated which, under the pressure extered by the spring 23, transmitted through the surface of the groove 26 of the firing pin, move outwardly through the holes 6c ⁇ and move towards the wall of the hole 25d.
  • FIG. 3 shows, owing to the deflection of the shell from its -original flight path, the body 27 will be slid sideways from the axis of the fuze under the action of inertia forces, whereby it slides at the same time forwardly along the coned surface 4b of the bearing body and there-by, in a similar manner as with vertical impact, through sliding of the safety member 25, frees the firing pin 22 for a rearward movement caused by the spring 23 and brings about detonation of the explosive charge.
  • FIG. 4 A modification of the fuze is shown in FIG. 4. Differing from the version shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the fuze is also developed for instantaneous response at large angles of impact with the target.
  • an instantaneous-fuze striker 37 is provided, which is arranged in a hole 38 extending to the ⁇ rear from the tip of the fuze cap 3 and is screwed to the firing pin proper 2.2'.
  • the sleeve 39 which is slidably supported on the firing pin 22 land forms a part of it, is provided with a groove 26 which has in the front a straight surface 26a, running tangentially into the rounded surface.
  • the sleeve 39 is under the pressure of the spring 40, abutting against the guide 6', while another spring 41, stressed between the head 37a of the instantaneous-fuze striker 37 and the guide 6', tries to press the firing pin 22 with its shoulder 42 against the drilled recess 39a of the sleeve 39.
  • the safety member 25 has a cylindrical through hole 25b.
  • the safety locking pin 30 is merely provided with a flange-like enlargement 30a at its rear end, with which it albuts against the front surface of the slide 9', which is constructed without a groove, and is solid, at the right hand end (as in FIG. 4).
  • the slide 9' has a drilled hole 43, which is situated in the transport position coaxially with the fuze axis, behind the point of the firing pin 22', protruding into the hole 4c of the bearing body 4'.
  • this fuze On discharge, the firing pin 22', simultaneously with the bolt 16 forming the transporting safety device, moves to the rear under the effect of inertia and penetrates with its point into the hole 43 in the slide 9', where it secures the slide against movement into the armed position during the whole acceleration period, therefore during the passage of the shell down the gun barrel.
  • the sleeve 39 With this rearward movement of the firing pin 22', the sleeve 39 remains firmly fixed by the balls 24', After the cessation of acceleration, the firing pin, under the pressure of the spring 41, returns back to its origin-al position before discharge. The slide is now moved towards the armed position by the springs 15, after the withdrawal of the firing pin point.
  • the flange 30a', of the safety pin rests against the slide. Only when the armed position has been attained, can the safety pin with the flange 30a :move past the slide to the base of the groove 8, clear the transverse hole 32 with its front portion for the passage of the safety ball 33, and therewith remove the blocking of the safety member 25'. After the removal of the blocking, the safety member, before the impact, still remains held in its safety position, that is, owing to frictional forces which act on it as a result of compressive forces transmitted through the inclined surface 26a, of the sleeve 39 to the balls and thence to the holes 25a.
  • FIGS. 1 and 4 show, the bearing area of the flange 6a of the guide is small and its thickness is slight. In this way, a breaking point is iformed at the flange 6u, which achieves its purpose when, on impact with the target, the body 5 (FIG. l) or 4' (FIG. 4), with its hole presses :against the safety member 25 or 25', it locks and the guide ⁇ 6 or 6', after the flange shears olf at this prearranged spot, is driven back.
  • the guide 6 or 6' which is coupled to the firing pin 22 or 22 through the balls 24 or 24', is thereby driven back with the latter and in that Way detonation of the explosive charge is initiated, in spite of the non-occurrence of arming thesafety pin 22 or 22' by the safety member 25 or 25'.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 a base fuze is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in which all the fuze components whose construction and function coincide with those of the components of the fuze shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, are allotted the same reference numbers.
  • a capsule 47 containing the booster charge 20' is secured on a cover 45 of the casing 44.
  • this booster charge ⁇ 20' is in spatial connection with a groove 8" running at right angles to the fuze axis, which forms the guide for the slide 9" and is cut in a fuze body 49 which forms a sleeve-shaped connection between the casing 44 and the base part 50.
  • the ring pin 52 is slidably supported in a sleeve 51, coaxial with the fuze, lying behind the slide ⁇ 9", supported, against the fuze body 49 on the one hand and the base part 50 on one hand the base part 50 on the other hand.
  • This firing pin 52 which is under the effect of aspring 23 abutting against the Ibase of the sleeve 5-1, is blocked by balls 24" supported in holes 51a in the sleeve 51, engaging in the groove 53 of the pin in a similar manner as with the fuse as in FIGS. 1 to 3, and are held in this safety position by the sleeve 56.
  • the ring-shaped inertia Qbody 27' is inserted, the outside diameter of which is less than that of the hole 55 in the fuze body 49, the inside diameter of which, on the other hand, is greater than the rear portion of the sleeve 51, which it surrounds.
  • the front bearing surface 27b of the inertia body 27 is di rected at right angles to the axis of the fuze, while its rear surface 27a' is conically bevelled, the angle of opening of the cone corresponding to that of the surface 50a of the base part 50.
  • the safety position of the slide 9" is determined by it being held between the wall of the hole 60 in the casing 44 and the head 16a of the safety bolt 16 projecting into the groove 8".
  • the operation of the fuze is as follows. On discharge, the safety bolt 16 moves to the rear, out of the path of the slide 9". Until the end of the acceleration period of the shell carrying the fuze, the slide 9" remains in the transport position under the inuence of frictional force, produced by inertia force, acting on it. When the shell has ⁇ attained its greatest velocity and has left the barrel, when therefore no acceleration acts any longer, the slide 9 is moved into the armed position by the springs 15, in which the primer 10 lies behind the hole 48, but in front of the point of the firing pin 52, and the left end of the slide (as in FIG. 5) touches the wall of the hole 60 ⁇ in the casing 44, which accordingly acts also here as the stop limiting the travel of the slide 9".
  • the inertia body 27' On oblique impact of the shell, as for example if the latter ricochets on the ground at a very small angle of incidence and is thereby subjected to an acceleration acting in the direction of the arrow F in FIG. 6, directed across the axis, the inertia body 27', on its lateral shift, resulting from the inertia force acting on it, is thrown forward through a reaction force transmitted by the coned surface 50a of the base part 50, thereby pushing the lsleeve 56 in front of it, and thus the ring pin is armed in the Way already described and the primer fired.
  • a fuze for a projectile comprising a casing having a longitudinal axis, a primer in said casing, a rst spring, a ring pin displaceable under the pressure of said spring in the direction of said longitudinal axis against said primer, said ring pin having a groove, a carrier guide for said firing pin in said casing having radially-arranged holes, locking bodies in said holes engageable with said groove, a slidable safety member having a safety and an arming position, said safety member in its safety position holding said locking bodies in engagement with said groove to secure said firing pin against displacement by said first spring, an inertia body within said casing axially and radially displaceable upon impact for axially displacing said safety member, a locking member having a locking position locking said safety member in said safety position during transport of the projectile against a displacement by said inertia body, a slide displaceable transversely to said longitudinal axis containing .said primer, said slide having a safety and an

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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US599430A 1965-12-06 1966-12-06 Percussion fuze Expired - Lifetime US3410214A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1679865A CH430505A (de) 1965-12-06 1965-12-06 Aufschlagzünder

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US599430A Expired - Lifetime US3410214A (en) 1965-12-06 1966-12-06 Percussion fuze

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US (1) US3410214A (de)
AT (1) AT278595B (de)
BE (1) BE690617A (de)
CH (1) CH430505A (de)
DE (1) DE1578493A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1504902A (de)
GB (1) GB1166039A (de)
SE (1) SE303442B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960084A (en) * 1973-08-08 1976-06-01 Fabrique Nationale Herstal S.A. En Abrege Fn Fuse for rifle-grenade
US4023499A (en) * 1975-01-07 1977-05-17 Fabrique Nationale Herstal S.A. Fuse for rifle-grenade
US4116132A (en) * 1976-12-17 1978-09-26 Technar Incorporated Inertial sensors
WO1999020974A2 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-04-29 Rocktek Limited Detonating device for removing mine obstructions
US20080041263A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-21 Rastegar Jahangir S Multi-stage mechanical delay mechanisms for inertial igniters for thermal batteries and the like
US20170138714A1 (en) * 2015-07-24 2017-05-18 Nexter Munitions Safety and arming device for an instant impact point fuse and fuse including such a device

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH623408A5 (de) * 1977-10-20 1981-05-29 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag
FR2501360B1 (fr) * 1981-03-09 1986-11-21 Lacroix E Tous Artifices Cartouche a actionnement pyrotechnique de charge utile explosant apres le rebond
SE444727B (sv) * 1982-04-30 1986-04-28 Bofors Ab Anordning vid sekringsorgan
DE102006041822A1 (de) * 2006-09-06 2008-03-27 Beissbarth Gmbh Verfahren zur Fahrwerksmessung eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Fahrwerksvermessungseinrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeugprüfstrasse
FR3054311B1 (fr) * 2016-07-20 2019-11-15 Lw Distribution Grenade rechargeable a propulsion de billes

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1309773A (en) * 1919-07-15 Pneumatically-operated impact-fuse
US2232714A (en) * 1937-10-01 1941-02-25 Marvin L Mathsen Mechanical time fuse
US2388691A (en) * 1942-08-06 1945-11-13 John J Horan Fuse
US2871788A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-02-03 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Impact fuzes for explosive projectiles including a mechanical self-destruction device
US3157125A (en) * 1963-07-01 1964-11-17 Honeywell Inc Rotor safety lock for munition fuze
DE1185093B (de) * 1962-08-02 1965-01-07 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Zerlegerzuender fuer Drallgeschosse

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1309773A (en) * 1919-07-15 Pneumatically-operated impact-fuse
US2232714A (en) * 1937-10-01 1941-02-25 Marvin L Mathsen Mechanical time fuse
US2388691A (en) * 1942-08-06 1945-11-13 John J Horan Fuse
US2871788A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-02-03 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Impact fuzes for explosive projectiles including a mechanical self-destruction device
DE1185093B (de) * 1962-08-02 1965-01-07 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Zerlegerzuender fuer Drallgeschosse
US3157125A (en) * 1963-07-01 1964-11-17 Honeywell Inc Rotor safety lock for munition fuze

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960084A (en) * 1973-08-08 1976-06-01 Fabrique Nationale Herstal S.A. En Abrege Fn Fuse for rifle-grenade
US4023499A (en) * 1975-01-07 1977-05-17 Fabrique Nationale Herstal S.A. Fuse for rifle-grenade
US4116132A (en) * 1976-12-17 1978-09-26 Technar Incorporated Inertial sensors
WO1999020974A2 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-04-29 Rocktek Limited Detonating device for removing mine obstructions
WO1999020974A3 (en) * 1997-10-17 2000-07-27 Rocktek Ltd Detonating device for removing mine obstructions
US20080041263A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-21 Rastegar Jahangir S Multi-stage mechanical delay mechanisms for inertial igniters for thermal batteries and the like
US7587979B2 (en) * 2006-08-02 2009-09-15 Omnitek Partners Llc Multi-stage mechanical delay mechanisms for inertial igniters for thermal batteries and the like
US20170138714A1 (en) * 2015-07-24 2017-05-18 Nexter Munitions Safety and arming device for an instant impact point fuse and fuse including such a device
US10041775B2 (en) * 2015-07-24 2018-08-07 Nexter Munitions Safety and arming device for an instant impact point fuse and fuse including such a device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1578493A1 (de) 1970-12-03
GB1166039A (en) 1969-10-01
SE303442B (de) 1968-08-26
AT278595B (de) 1970-02-10
BE690617A (de) 1967-05-16
FR1504902A (fr) 1967-12-08
CH430505A (de) 1967-02-15

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