US3405530A - Regasification and separation of liquefied natural gas - Google Patents

Regasification and separation of liquefied natural gas Download PDF

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US3405530A
US3405530A US581550A US58155066A US3405530A US 3405530 A US3405530 A US 3405530A US 581550 A US581550 A US 581550A US 58155066 A US58155066 A US 58155066A US 3405530 A US3405530 A US 3405530A
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natural gas
liquefied natural
lng
vapors
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Richard A Denahan
Douglas A Farmer
Prabhakar K Pai
David S Rehaut
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0247—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 4 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F25J3/0214—Liquefied natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0242—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/64—Propane or propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/66—Butane or mixed butanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a method of processing a liquefied gas mixture. More particularly, the invention relates to a process wherein liquefied natural gas is regasified to a product at temperatures and pressures suitable for normal distribution through a pipeline.
  • Natural gas is often available in areas remote to where it will be ultimately used. Quite often the source of this fuel is separated from the point of utilization by some large body of water and it then becomes necessary to effect bulk transfer of the natural gas by large tankers. Under these circumstances economics demand that the natural gas be liquefied so as to greatly reduce its volume and that it be transported at substantially atmospheric pressures. Under these conditions, the liquefied natural gas, hereinafter referred to as LNG, is at a temperature in the range of 258 F. This temperature represents the boiling point for methane at atmospheric pressure. It is to be pointed out, however, that natural gas often has small amounts of higher boiling heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane and the like and these will vary the boiling range of the LNG so that it usually falls somewhere between 240 and 258 F.
  • the LNG arrives at the point of use it is of course in liquefied form and consequently it becomes necessary to regasify it before it may be used as a fuel.
  • the ethane and other higher molecular weight components that are present in the LNG are valuable as feed stock for the production of various petrochemicals and for the manufacture of liquefied petroleum gas. It is therefore desirable to separate these various components prior to sending the lighter gases, i.e., the lean gases, that will remain, to the fuel distribution system.
  • the present invention provides a method for achieving a higher recovery of ethane from the LNG mixture than can economically be achieved by the con- States Patent Oifi ventional means discussed above.
  • the process of the present invention removes the need for some costly exchangers, drums, pumps and other auxiliary equipment associated with the conventional process. These desirable improvements are accomplished by utilizing some of the entering LNG as the reflux to the column. At the cryogenic temperatures used in this process the components of the LNG that are heavier than ethane have a very low volatility and are not significantly vaporized into the lean gas. Because of the presence of these heavier components, this reflux liquid has a lower ethane content than can be economically achieved by the conventional means. This results in a greatly improved separation of ethane from the lean gas as compared to the ethane separation achieved in the conventional manner.
  • the LNG feed stream is pressurized and a portion of it is passed directly into the top region of a fractionation column. The remainder of the feed is then heat exchanged with other process streams whereby it provides refrigeration duty and is subsequently partially vaporized and heated to approximately 40 F.
  • This partially vaporized stream is returned as feed to the fractionation column where the ethane and heavier components are recovered as the bottoms product. This bottoms product is then further fractionated to recover the ethane and heavier components.
  • the vapors withdrawn from the top of the column which are mostly methane, are also utilized to provide refrigeration duty to another process heat exchanger. During this heat exchange these vapors are heated to a temperature suitable for normal pipeline distribution.
  • an important object of this invention is to facilitate the regasification of LNG so that it is at suitable pressure and temperature conditions for delivery and use as a fuel.
  • Another important object of this invention is to provide eflicient means for selectively recovering ethane from a liquefied natural gas feed stream.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide efficient means for separating the various heavier hydrocarbons which may be present in the LNG as received from the tankers.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to make efficient use of the refrigeration potential of the cold LNG.
  • reference character 2 designates a stationary insulated storage tank which receives the LNG at atmospheric pressure from the tanker (not shown).
  • the LNG in tank 2 will normally have a temperature of about 240 to 260 F.
  • the LNG from tank 2 is fed through line 3 to a suitable pump 4.
  • the pump 4 increases the pressure of the LNG feed stock to approximately 650 p.s.i.g.
  • the pressurized LNG stream discharged through line 5 from pump 4 is split into several streams.
  • the first fraction designated A representing approximately 30% of the total feed stream enters the top region of a demethanizer 6 through the line 7.
  • Demethanizer 6 is operated at a pressure of approximately 510 p.s.i.g. and is provided with a reboiler 10.
  • the second feed fraction designated B is passed through a heat exchange complex 8 whereby it provides the refrigeration duty for cooling external process streams (not shown).
  • Heat exchange complex 8 can represent a part of a wholly separate operation such as an ethylene plant, for ex- Patented Oct. 15, 1968 ample. Upon exiting from heat exchanger complex 8 this fraction is split into two lines, 15 and 17.
  • the remaining fraction of feed, designated C is passed through line 9, bypassing the heat exchanger complex 8. It is then reunited with one of the fractions exiting from heat exchanger complex 8 in line 17. This recombined stream is then passed in heat exchange relationship with the vapors from a de-ethanizer 14, to provide the deethanizer reflux 23. This stream then passes through heat exchangers 26 and 36 where it cools propane stream 25 and butane stream 27 obtained from depropanizer 22 and debutanizer 30 respectively. The stream continues through line 17 and is further heated by heater 12 before being recombined with stream 15 and fed into the central portion of demethanizer 6.
  • the vapors mostly methane, leaving the top of demethanizer 6 through the line 13 are passed through heat exchanger 24 where they cool the vapors leaving the top of depropanizer 22 and thus provide the reflux for this column.
  • the meth ane ri.'h vapors are at approximately +40 F. and a suitable pressure for passage directly to the fuel distribution system (not shown) via the line 29.
  • de-ethanizer 14 which is operated at a pressure of approximately 235 p.s.i.g. Heat is supplied to de-ethanizer 14 by reboiler 16. A portion of the vapor leaving de-ethanizer 14 through the line 31 are condensed in heat exchanger 18 and refluxed via line 23 back into column 14. The remaining portion, mostly ethane is withdrawn through line 20.
  • the bottoms product leaving de-ethanizer 14 is con ducted through the line 21 to depropanizer 22.
  • Depropanizer 22 is operated at a pressure of approximately 190 p.s.i.g. and is provided with a reboiler 28.
  • the propane rich vapors leaving the top of depropanizer 22 are condensed in heat exchanger 24 and a part of the condensed stream is recycled to depropanizer 22 with the remainder being withdrawn via line 25. Prior to passing to the propane storage facilities (not shown) this stream 1 is cooled to approximately 45 F. in heat exchanger 26.
  • the bottoms product from depropanizer 22 passes through the line 33 to debutanizer 30.
  • This column is perated at a pressure of approximately 85 p.s.i.g. and is also provided with a reboiler 32.
  • the butane rich vapors leaving the top of debutanizer 30 are condensed in heat exchanger 34 and a part of the condensate is recycled as reflux to column 30.
  • the remainder of the condensate is withdrawn via the line 27 and through heat exchanger 36 where the butane condensate is cooled to approxi mately +25 F. before being sent to storage.
  • the bottoms product from debutanizer 30 consisting of C residuals is withdrawn through line 37 and passes through heat exchanger 38 prior to being stored.
  • a process for regasifying liquefied natural gas comprising the following steps in combination:
  • step (e) utiiizing the recombined stream resulting from step (d) for providing refrigeration to other process streams;
  • a process for regasifying liquefied natural gas whereby a product is obtained at pressures and temperatures suitable for pipeline distribution comprising the following steps in combination:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

1963 R. A. DENAHAN ET AL 3,405,530,
REGASIFICATION AND SEPARATION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS Filed Sept. 23, 1966 mm 5 m. m m R a U Am F 0 R Nm mm 2 o. n, s. U m 0 55,2525 M I A A V D P 13.25.38? 5- z oEwa wN z :E wo mm v B om 3% 3 v m I mm 2 m w n &)N 3 ON 5 I x23 SE 05 m 0 Q. 8 @N 4 NM 6 j w wzjmma t 0% 8 0 u m t k m\ t PATENT ATTORNEY ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for regasification and fractionation of liquefied natural gas in which a portion of the liquefied natural gas enters the top section of a fractionating column while a second portion of cold liquefied natural gas provides refrigeration for other process streams before being introduced into a middle section of the fractionating column.
The present invention relates generally to a method of processing a liquefied gas mixture. More particularly, the invention relates to a process wherein liquefied natural gas is regasified to a product at temperatures and pressures suitable for normal distribution through a pipeline.
Natural gas is often available in areas remote to where it will be ultimately used. Quite often the source of this fuel is separated from the point of utilization by some large body of water and it then becomes necessary to effect bulk transfer of the natural gas by large tankers. Under these circumstances economics demand that the natural gas be liquefied so as to greatly reduce its volume and that it be transported at substantially atmospheric pressures. Under these conditions, the liquefied natural gas, hereinafter referred to as LNG, is at a temperature in the range of 258 F. This temperature represents the boiling point for methane at atmospheric pressure. It is to be pointed out, however, that natural gas often has small amounts of higher boiling heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane and the like and these will vary the boiling range of the LNG so that it usually falls somewhere between 240 and 258 F.
As the LNG arrives at the point of use it is of course in liquefied form and consequently it becomes necessary to regasify it before it may be used as a fuel. Also, the ethane and other higher molecular weight components that are present in the LNG are valuable as feed stock for the production of various petrochemicals and for the manufacture of liquefied petroleum gas. It is therefore desirable to separate these various components prior to sending the lighter gases, i.e., the lean gases, that will remain, to the fuel distribution system.
In a conventional distillation process for this type of separation it is usual to provide a fractionating tower, the vapors from the top of the tower being partially condensed in a heat exchanger. The liquid thus formed is separated and collected in a drum and a portion of it is returned to the tower by means of pumps. This returned liquid or as it is often called, the reflux, washes the ethane and heavier components out of the entering feed stock. Because of the extremely low temperatures inherent in LNG processing, the heat exchanger, the drum, the pumps and other associated equipment must be fabricated from expensive materials. In addition, the reflux that could be economically produced in this manner would contain a high proportion of ethane and would be limited in its ability to wash ethane out of the entering LNG mixture.
In contrast, the present invention provides a method for achieving a higher recovery of ethane from the LNG mixture than can economically be achieved by the con- States Patent Oifi ventional means discussed above. In addition, the process of the present invention removes the need for some costly exchangers, drums, pumps and other auxiliary equipment associated with the conventional process. These desirable improvements are accomplished by utilizing some of the entering LNG as the reflux to the column. At the cryogenic temperatures used in this process the components of the LNG that are heavier than ethane have a very low volatility and are not significantly vaporized into the lean gas. Because of the presence of these heavier components, this reflux liquid has a lower ethane content than can be economically achieved by the conventional means. This results in a greatly improved separation of ethane from the lean gas as compared to the ethane separation achieved in the conventional manner.
In the process of the invention the LNG feed stream is pressurized and a portion of it is passed directly into the top region of a fractionation column. The remainder of the feed is then heat exchanged with other process streams whereby it provides refrigeration duty and is subsequently partially vaporized and heated to approximately 40 F. This partially vaporized stream is returned as feed to the fractionation column where the ethane and heavier components are recovered as the bottoms product. This bottoms product is then further fractionated to recover the ethane and heavier components.
The vapors withdrawn from the top of the column, which are mostly methane, are also utilized to provide refrigeration duty to another process heat exchanger. During this heat exchange these vapors are heated to a temperature suitable for normal pipeline distribution.
Accordingly, an important object of this invention is to facilitate the regasification of LNG so that it is at suitable pressure and temperature conditions for delivery and use as a fuel.
Another important object of this invention is to provide eflicient means for selectively recovering ethane from a liquefied natural gas feed stream.
Still another object of the invention is to provide efficient means for separating the various heavier hydrocarbons which may be present in the LNG as received from the tankers.
Yet another object of the present invention is to make efficient use of the refrigeration potential of the cold LNG.
Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following description and claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
In the figure, a flow diagram iilustrates a process according to the present invention is given.
Referring to the figure in detail, reference character 2 designates a stationary insulated storage tank which receives the LNG at atmospheric pressure from the tanker (not shown). The LNG in tank 2 will normally have a temperature of about 240 to 260 F. The LNG from tank 2 is fed through line 3 to a suitable pump 4. The pump 4 increases the pressure of the LNG feed stock to approximately 650 p.s.i.g. The pressurized LNG stream discharged through line 5 from pump 4 is split into several streams. The first fraction designated A, representing approximately 30% of the total feed stream enters the top region of a demethanizer 6 through the line 7. Demethanizer 6 is operated at a pressure of approximately 510 p.s.i.g. and is provided with a reboiler 10. The second feed fraction designated B is passed through a heat exchange complex 8 whereby it provides the refrigeration duty for cooling external process streams (not shown). Heat exchange complex 8 can represent a part of a wholly separate operation such as an ethylene plant, for ex- Patented Oct. 15, 1968 ample. Upon exiting from heat exchanger complex 8 this fraction is split into two lines, 15 and 17.
The remaining fraction of feed, designated C is passed through line 9, bypassing the heat exchanger complex 8. It is then reunited with one of the fractions exiting from heat exchanger complex 8 in line 17. This recombined stream is then passed in heat exchange relationship with the vapors from a de-ethanizer 14, to provide the deethanizer reflux 23. This stream then passes through heat exchangers 26 and 36 where it cools propane stream 25 and butane stream 27 obtained from depropanizer 22 and debutanizer 30 respectively. The stream continues through line 17 and is further heated by heater 12 before being recombined with stream 15 and fed into the central portion of demethanizer 6.
The vapors mostly methane, leaving the top of demethanizer 6 through the line 13 are passed through heat exchanger 24 where they cool the vapors leaving the top of depropanizer 22 and thus provide the reflux for this column. After exiting from heat exchanger 24, the meth ane ri.'h vapors are at approximately +40 F. and a suitable pressure for passage directly to the fuel distribution system (not shown) via the line 29.
The bottoms product leaving demethanizer 6 through the line 19 is conducted to de-ethanizer 14 which is operated at a pressure of approximately 235 p.s.i.g. Heat is supplied to de-ethanizer 14 by reboiler 16. A portion of the vapor leaving de-ethanizer 14 through the line 31 are condensed in heat exchanger 18 and refluxed via line 23 back into column 14. The remaining portion, mostly ethane is withdrawn through line 20.
The bottoms product leaving de-ethanizer 14 is con ducted through the line 21 to depropanizer 22. Depropanizer 22 is operated at a pressure of approximately 190 p.s.i.g. and is provided with a reboiler 28. The propane rich vapors leaving the top of depropanizer 22 are condensed in heat exchanger 24 and a part of the condensed stream is recycled to depropanizer 22 with the remainder being withdrawn via line 25. Prior to passing to the propane storage facilities (not shown) this stream 1 is cooled to approximately 45 F. in heat exchanger 26.
The bottoms product from depropanizer 22 passes through the line 33 to debutanizer 30. This column is perated at a pressure of approximately 85 p.s.i.g. and is also provided with a reboiler 32. The butane rich vapors leaving the top of debutanizer 30 are condensed in heat exchanger 34 and a part of the condensate is recycled as reflux to column 30. The remainder of the condensate is withdrawn via the line 27 and through heat exchanger 36 where the butane condensate is cooled to approxi mately +25 F. before being sent to storage. The bottoms product from debutanizer 30 consisting of C residuals is withdrawn through line 37 and passes through heat exchanger 38 prior to being stored.
It is to be understood that the foregoing arrangement can be modified in various details and need not necessarily be restricted to the processing of natural gas per se. The flow sheet and description is only given for the purposes of illustrating more clearly how the invention may be performed. Moreover, the operating percentages, temperatures and pressures specified herein above can be varied considerably for given mixtures. Accordingly, reference should be made to the following appended claims in determining the full scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for regasifying liquefied natural gas comprising the following steps in combination:
(a) separating the liquefied natural gas into a plurality of side'streams;
(b) passing a first side stream of said plurality of streams to a distillation column;
(c) passing a second side stream through a heat exchange means whereby said second side stream is heated;
(d) recombining a first portion of the heated second side stream with the remainder of said plurality of streams;
(e) utiiizing the recombined stream resulting from step (d) for providing refrigeration to other process streams; and
(f) combining said recombined stream with the previously uncombined portion of said second stream and passing this newly combined stream into the middle region of said distillation column.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said heat exchange means resides in a plant which produces ethylene.
3. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that vapors, comprising mostly methane, are withdrawn from the top of said distiIlation column, said vapors being passed in heat exchange relationship with other process streams whereby said vapors are heated to a temperature suitable for pipeline distribution.
4. The process of claim 3 further characterized in that the vapors from the top of said distillation column are utilized to provide refrigeration for obtaining reflux streams in a depropanizer.
5. A process for regasifying liquefied natural gas whereby a product is obtained at pressures and temperatures suitable for pipeline distribution comprising the following steps in combination:
(a) pressurizing a liquefied natural gas stream,
(b) separating said liquefied natural gas stream into three side streams,
(c) passing a first side stream into the upper region of a demethanizer,
(d) passing a second side stream through a heat exchange complex whereby said second side stream provides refrigeration duty to said heat exchange complex and is thereby heated,
(e) recombining the third side stream with a first portion of the heated second side stream,
(f) utilizing this recombined stream for providing the refrigeration for obtaining reflux streams in a fractional separation by distillation and condensation of the hydrocarbons present in said liquefied natural gas stream,
(g) combining said recombined stream with the previously uncombined portion of said second side stream and passing this newly combined stream into the middle region of said demethanizer,
(h) withdrawing the vapors from the top of said demethanizer,
(i) passing said vapors in heat exchange relationship with other process streams whereby said vapors are heated to a temperature suitable for pipeline distribution.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein at least a part of said heat exchanger complex resides in a plant producing ethylene.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,557,171 6/1951 Bodle et al 62-39 X 2,777,305 1/1957 Davison 62-28 X 2,823,523 2/1958 Eakin et a1 62-28 X 2,952,984 9/1960 Marshall 6227 2,973,834 3/ 1961 Cicalese.
3,292,381 12/1966 Bludworth 62-27 X 3,320,754 5/1967 Tucker et al 62-28 NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner.
V. W. PRETKA, Assistant Examiner.
US581550A 1966-09-23 1966-09-23 Regasification and separation of liquefied natural gas Expired - Lifetime US3405530A (en)

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