Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2009—Wires or filaments characterised by the materials used
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
  • D07B2205/201—Polyolefins

Definitions

• This invention relates to ropes and other cordage produced from films, ribbons, filaments or fibres composed of stereoregular polypropylene.
• ropes composed of films, ribbons, filaments or fibres of stereoregular polypropylene having a combination of properties which in the form of the standard 3 inch (7.6 cm.) circumference laid rope are (l) A stretch resistance at 5,000 lbs. (2268 kg.) load of at least 400 lbs. (181 kg.) per 1% extension, (2) a torque resistance of at least 50 in.-lb. (0.58 kg.-m.) per revolution, per tan strand helix angle, (3) a creep after 120 repeat loadings to 75% of the breaking load of less than and (4) a breaking load of at least 7.75 tons (7874 kg).
• Torque resistance The value found, multiplied by 18.0/w or 18.5/w for ropes composed of circular filaments or slit film tapes and ribbon filaments respectively (:0 is the weight per 100 feet of the specimen) gives the corresponding value in terms of the 3 inch circumference rope.
• the corresponding factors in metric units are 8.2/w and 8.4/w where w is the specimen weight (kg.) per 30.5 metres.
• Adjusted breaking load A-% TABLE 1.-FOR BOP??? COMPOSED OF CIRCULAR LAMENTS Weight Breaking load For 100 ft. (lb.) Per 30.5 in. (kg) Tons Kg.
• Adjusted stress resistance 0 where C is the measured stress resistance, D and D are the values of stress resistance found from the appropriate table for the standard 18.0 lb. (8.2 kg.) (circular filaments, Table 3) or 18.5 lb. (8.4 kg.) (tapes etc., Table 4) rope and a rope of the same weight as the specimen, respectively; the units being consistent.
• a rope yarn prepared from continuous filaments of polypropylene, to have a friction of at least 2 lb. (910 g.) and a resilience (R) depending upon the rigidity (r) of the yarn as follows;
• a rope yarn prepared from slit films or ribbon filaments of polypropylene to have a friction of 4.5-40 lb. (2.04-18.14 kg.), preferably 10-30 1b. (4.54-13.61 kg.) and preferably also a resilience and rigidity as follows;
• ropes possessing a unique combination of properties according to this invention should have a weight for feet of less than 18.5 lb. (8.4 kg.) for this will give improved runnage and easier handling of large coils.
• the number of men required to handle fathom (220 metres) coils of rope as used in the mooring of a large vessel may be reduced from eight to five.
• cordage or other cordage we mean structures of lesser complexity than strand laid rope, as for example, twine, which comprises simply a small number of yarns twisted together. If yarns are prepared having the foregoing properties then the properties of even simple cordage will be enhanced also.
• Ropes and other cordage according to this invention may be produced by submitting to the usual cordage or rope making processes, slit-films, ribbons, filaments or fibres composed of stereoregular polypropylene, which films etc. have been melt-extruded and then uniaxially drawn in the solidified state to a draw ratio of at least 13:1 and have in the drawn condition a thickness (i.e. thickness or diameter of ribbon or filament respective- 1y) of at least 0.003 inch (0.008 cm.), preferably 0.005 inch (0.013 cm.).
• the drawing may be carried out in more than one stage in which case the total draw ratio applied should be at least 13:1.
• Filaments etc. which have been subjected to a high draw ratio may show a tendency to break longitudinally into fibrils. Such fibrillation, however, is not essential to achieve the unique combination of rope properties, neither is it deleterious if it should occur before or during the rope construction.
• Creep This is the non-recovered extension (expressed as a percentage of the original length) in the specimen immediately after 120 repeat loadings to 75% of the breaking load, each loading being applied for 30 secs. with an interval of 30 secs. between the loadings.
• Torque resistance (This is measured by means of a device which clamps the end of a rope specimen 6" long (15.24 cm.) under a fixed load of 9 lbs. (4.1 kg.) (for ropes up to inches (12.7 cm.) circumference) and records the torque required to twist the specimen through 1 revolution of one clamp in successive steps of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 revolution.
• the value found after 1 revolution normalised by dividing by the value of tan strand helix angle, is described as the torque resistance of the specimen, measured in inch-lb. (or kg.-m.) per revolution per tan strand helix angle.
• the rope specimen 2 feet (61 cm.) long is rigidly fixed at one end and held straight under a load of approximately 30 lb. (13.6 kg.).
• a 3 feet (91 cm.) long Marlin spike is inserted between the rope strands so that 2 feet (61 cm.) of it protrude and a spring balance is used to measure the load required to turn the spike through 90, the value found is then expressed as the torque in inch-lb. (or kg.-m.) per revolution per tan strand helix angle.
• Friction This property is measured by securing the outer periphery of one end (4 inches long) (10.2 cm.) of an 8 inch (20.3 cm.) rope specimen to a cardboard cylinder,.enclosing but not compressing the specimen, with a heat hardenable epoxy resin as for example Araldite (regd. trademark) adhesive, heating the specimen for 1 hour at 70 C. to set the adhesive, unravelling the 3 strands, separating a central rope yarn from one of the strands and measuring the load required to withdraw this yarn from the strand by means of a machine as used in measuring breaking load to the nearest 0.5 lb. (277 g.). The measurement is repeated on the other rope strands and the mean value recorded. 7
• a heat hardenable epoxy resin as for example Araldite (regd. trademark) adhesive
• a 3-strand laid rope is prepared from this material on convention-al rope-making equipment using 3/ 45 16 construction and twists, measured on the completed structure, of 0.27 turn per inch Z (rope), 0.40 S (strand) and 1.0 Z (rope yarn) (10.6, 15.7 and 39.4 turns/ meter respectively).
• the deniers of rope, strand and rope yarn are 2.7 10 6.8 10 and 1.36X10 respectively,
• the rope thus produced has a weight per 100 ft. of 18.5 lb. (8.4 kg. /30.5 m.) and the following properties, expressed in terms of the standard 3 inch (7.6 cm.) circumference rope;
• a single rope yarn has a rigidity of 1178 grams weight centimetres, a resilience of and a frication of 2.4 lb. (1090 g.).
• Example 2 Isotactic polypropylene is melt spun at 265 C. into ribbon filaments which are subsequently drawn by passage through and electrically heated radiant heater at a draw ratio of 13:1 to ribbon filaments having a width of 0.57 inch (1.4 cm.) and a thickness of 0.0035 inch (0.009 cm.).
• a 3 strand laid rope is prepared from this filament using a construction of 3/ 28/ 2 and twists, measured on the completed structure of 0.27 turn per inch Z (rope), 0.40 turn per inch S (strand) and 0.725 turn per inch Z (rope yarn) (10.6, 15.7 and 28.6 turns/metre respectively).
• the measured deniers of rope, strand and rope yarn are 2.5 10 6.9 10 and 2.3 10 respectively.
• the rope thus produced has a weight per 100 ft. of 18.6 lbs. (8.5 kg./ 305 m.) and the following properties, expressed in terms of the standard 3 inch (7.6 cm.) circumference rope;
• the rope yarn has a rigidity of 531 gram weight centimetres, a resilience of and a friction of 14.2 lb. (5.81 kg.).
• Comparative Example A A 3-strand laid rope, prepared from isotactic polypropylene ribbon filaments of similar construction to that of Example 2, said filaments having a thickness of 0.0045 inch (0.011 cm.) and having been drawn to a draw ratio of 8.75:1, had a weight per 100 ft. of 18.8 lbs. (8.6 kg./30.5 m.) and the following properties expressed in terms of the standard 3 inch (7.6 cm.) circumference rope;
• the rope yarn has a rigidity of 720 gram Weight centimetres, a resilience of and a friction of 15.7 lb. (7.12 kg.).
• Example 2 Isotactic polypropylene is melt spun as in Example 1 but is drawn to a draw ratio of only 11:1, The drawn filaments are used to prepare a 3-strand laid rope of the same weight per ft., 18.5 lb. (8.4 kg./30.5 m.) as the rope of Example 1 using a 3/30/4/22 construction and twists, measured on the completed structure, of 3.6 Z (rope), 3.6 S (strand) and 22.8 Z turns per foot (rope yarn) (11.7, 11.7 and 7 4.3 turns/metre respectively). The measured denier of strand and rope yarn are 7.4 10 and Example 3 Isotactic polypropylene is melt spun and drawn as in Example 2.
• a 3-strand laid rope is prepared from this material employing special care to ensure uniformity of compression during the laying process and a 3/26/ 26,070 denier construction with twists, measured on the completed structure, of 3.9 Z (rope), 3.6 S (strand) and 10.8 Z turns per foot (rope yarn) (12.7, 11.7 and 35.1 turns/ metre respectively).
• the measured denier of strand and rope yarn are 7.5 10 and 2.6 10 and the weight of the rope is 19.0 lb. per 100 ft. (8.6 kg. per 30.5 metres).
• the rope thus produced has the following proper ties expressed in terms of the standard 3 inch (7.6 cm.) circumference rope;
• a single rope yarn has a rigidity of 1016 g. wt. cm., a resilience of 83% and a friction of 15.7 lb. (7.1 kg.).
• Example 4 Slit film tapes are prepared by melt extrusion and drawing of isotactic polypropylene as in Example 2 cut the strand is 1.8 10
• the rope thus produced has a weight per 100 feet of 46.6 lb. (21.1 kg. per 30.5 m.) and the following properties, the corresponding properties in terms of the standard 3 inch (7.6 cm.) circumference rope being shown in parentheses after each value;
• the rope yarn has a rigidity of 1021 g. wt. cm., a resilience of 83% and a friction of 11.2 lb. (5.0 kg.).
• Example 5 A 3 strand laid rope of 5 inches (12.7 cm.) circumference is prepared from film tape, as used in Example 4, with a 3/65/25,640 denier construction and twists, measured on the completed structure, of 0.2 Z (rope), 0.2 S (strand) and 0.85 Z turns per inch (rope yarns) (7.9, 8.9 and 33.4 turns/m. respectively).
• the measured denier of Comparative Example J In British patent specification 986,755 a process for the production of ropes from synthetic filaments of 0.001- 0.020 inch (0002-0051 cm.) diameter cut into -80 inch (63.5203.2 cm.) lengths is described.
• a rope of this kind prepared from isotactic polypropylene melt spun and subjected to a draw ratio of 15:1 (drawn filament diameter 0.0045 inch, 0.011 cm.) has the following properties expressed in terms of the standard 3 inch (7.6 cm.) circumference rope;
• Multistrand laid ropes composed of films, ribbons or filaments of stereoregular polypropylene having a combination of properties which in the form of the standard 3 inch circumference laid rope are (1) a stretch resistance at 5,000 lbs. (2268 kg.) load of at least 400 lbs. (181 kg.) per 1% extension, (2) a torque resistance of at least in.-lb. (0.58 kg.-m.) per revolution, per tan strand helix angle, (3) a creep after 120 repeat loadings to of 9 the breaking load of less than 15% and (4) a breaking load of at least 7.75 tons (7874 kg).
• Ropes according to claim 1 which have a weight per 100 feet of less than 18.5 lb. (8.4 kg.).
• Rope yarns adapted for use in construction of ropes according to claim 1 comprising continuous filaments, said yarns having a friction of at least 2 lb. (910 g.) and a resilience of 5055% when the yarn rigidity is 1200- 2000 g. wt. cm. or a resilience of 65-85% when the yarn rigidity is 600-1200 g. wt. cm.
• Rope yarns adapted for use in construction of ropes according to claim 1 comprising slit films or ribbon filaments, said yarns having a friction of 45-40 lbs. (2.0- 18.1 kg).
• Rope yarns according to claim 5 having a resilience of 85-100% when the yarn rigidity is 200-600 g. wt. cm.

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• Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 1965
  • 1965-02-02 GB GB1138/66A patent/GB1109448A/en not_active Expired
• 1966
  • 1966-01-24 US US522407A patent/US3402547A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1966-02-02 NL NL6601321A patent/NL6601321A/xx unknown
  • 1966-02-02 BE BE675965D patent/BE675965A/xx unknown
  • 1966-02-02 DE DE19661510113 patent/DE1510113A1/de active Pending

Patent Citations (7)

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