US3398095A - Vapor-space inhibitors - Google Patents

Vapor-space inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3398095A
US3398095A US682571A US68257167A US3398095A US 3398095 A US3398095 A US 3398095A US 682571 A US682571 A US 682571A US 68257167 A US68257167 A US 68257167A US 3398095 A US3398095 A US 3398095A
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Prior art keywords
acid
composition
sulfurized
vapor
space
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US682571A
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Clark W Judd
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Shell USA Inc
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Shell Oil Co
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Priority to US682571A priority Critical patent/US3398095A/en
Priority to NL6808584A priority patent/NL6808584A/xx
Priority to JP43047210A priority patent/JPS4814764B1/ja
Priority to SE09349/68A priority patent/SE349827B/xx
Priority to FR1573560D priority patent/FR1573560A/fr
Priority to DE19681769773 priority patent/DE1769773A1/en
Priority to GB33107/68A priority patent/GB1169860A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3398095A publication Critical patent/US3398095A/en
Priority to BE721989D priority patent/BE721989A/xx
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in air or gases by adding vapour phase inhibitors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/044—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having cycloaliphatic groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
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Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The corrosion prevention characteristics of volatile vapor-space inhibitors are greatly enhanced by the presence of sulfurized oleic acid together with a member selected from (1) a C C n-alkyl carboxylic acid and (2) a C -C n-alkyl carboxylic acid and certain amines.
  • This invention relates to antirust lubricant compositions and particularly to an antirust composition comprising sulfurized carboxylic acid with conventional vapor-space inhibitors such as fatty acids and alkyl or cyclic amines.
  • vapor-space inhibitors include certain organic compounds known as vapor-space inhibitors.
  • Effective vapor-space inhibitors are well known and, in general, include certain fatty acids and amines, alone or in combination, with each other. Effective as these vapor-space inhibitors may be, improvement is desired.
  • oils containing sulfurized carboxylic acid in combination with known vapor-space inhibitors such as the fatty acids and amines provide excellent corrosion inhibition for ferrous metals not in contact with the fluid lubricant.
  • the inhibitor combination may be incorporated into formulations which are used as steam-turbine oils, hydraulic and circulating oils, factory-fill fuels and lubricants, general preservative oils, greases, and the like. The combination is highly effective for preventing vapor-space corrosion in systems where water may be present in the oil.
  • the inhibitor combination may be used in a variety of lubricants.
  • the lubricant is a mineral oil, such as that used in formulating turbine oil, circulating oil, hydraulic fluids, etc.
  • Typical properties of a suitable mineral oil for use in the invention are:
  • the fatty acids suitable for use in the inhibitor combination are those used as conventional vapor-space inhibitor agents and are preferably C to C n-alkylcarboxylic acids. Of these acids, caprylic, pelargonic and capric are particularly preferred.
  • Alkylcarboxylic acids such as pelargonic acid
  • pelargonic acid are very effective oil-soluble vapor-space inhibitors by themselves in neutral and acidic systems.
  • the effectiveness of such an inhibitor can be extended to basic systems, as well as improved, by adding to the acid an amine.
  • Amines suitable for use in the present compositions are those conventionally used as vapor-space inhibitors and include primary, and secondary tertiary alkyl and cycloalklyl amines and other cyclic amines. In general, the amines contain from 4 to 18 carbon atoms. Amines which are preferred for use in the inhibitor combination of the present invention are hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethyl 1,3 propane dia mine, morpholine, tri-n-butylamine, piperidine and N,N-dimethly piperazine.
  • Suitable sulfurized carboxylic acids include the sulfurized acids derived from C to C unsaturated hydrocarbon carboxylic acids and preferably sulfurized fatty acids.
  • Preferred are sulfurized fatty acids having from 12. to 18 carbon atoms, and particularly sulfurized oleic, linoleic acid and the like. Mixtures of the above acids may also be used.
  • the preferred sulfurized acids are those derived from oleic acid or a mixture of olefinic acids which is predominantly oleic acid, viz. commercial grades of oleic acid.
  • the preparation of sulfurized fatty acids is well known and can be achieved simply by reacting the unsaturated acid, e.g., oleic acid, with free sulfur at temperatures of about C. to 300 C.
  • the amount of sulfur in the sulfurized acid may vary from about 5 to 15% w. Sulfurized oleic acid available commercially from Carlisle Chemical Works.
  • the concentration of the amine, alkylcarboxylic acid and sulfurized olefinic acid, based on the total formulation can vary over wide ranges. Oil formulations containing .concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0% sulfurized carboxylic acid 0.05 to 0.5% alkylcarboxylic acid and 0.1 to 0.5% amine, if present, are quite suitable. For example, 0.03% w. sulfurized oleic acid plus 0.1% w. pelargonic acid and 0.2% w. dicyclohexylamine, are quite suitable. For example, 0.03% w. sulfurized oleic acid plus 0.1% w. pelargonic acid and 0.2% w. dicyclohexylamine, are examples of the concentration of the amine, alkylcarboxylic acid and sulfurized olefinic acid, based on the total formulation can vary over wide ranges. Oil formulations containing .concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0% sulfurized carboxylic acid 0.05 to 0.5% alkylcarboxy
  • additives may also be added to the oil formulations of the present invention containing the inhibitor combination to improve its performance.
  • additives include, for example, antifoam agents, oxidation inhibitors, such as hindred phenols and aromatic amines, dispersants, pour point depressants, extreme pressure agents, liquid phase rust inhibitors, such as C2042 alkyl succinic acids, and viscosity improvers.
  • formulations according to the invention comprise.
  • Composition A Percent w. Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Dicyclohexylamine 0.2 Pelargonic acid 0.1 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.03 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
  • Composition B is a composition of Composition B:
  • Composition C is a composition having Composition C:
  • Dicyclohexylamine 0.25
  • Caprylic acid 0.15
  • C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.05
  • Composition D is a composition of Composition D:
  • Dicyclohexylamine 0.20
  • Capric acid 0.10
  • C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.1
  • Composition E is a composition of Composition E:
  • Composition F is a composition of Composition F:
  • Composition H is a composition having Composition H:
  • Composition J is Composition J:
  • compositions of the present invention To illustrate the effectiveness of the inhibitor combination in compositions of the present invention with respect to vapor-space inhibitor (VSI) properties, a comparison is made with the following compositions:
  • Composition K Percent w. Dicyclohexylamine 0.20 Pelargonic acid 0.10 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.03 Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine 0.10 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol 0.50 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
  • Composition L is a composition having Composition L:
  • Composition M is a composition of Composition M:
  • Composition N is a composition of Composition N:
  • compositions Were subjected to a F. corrosion test.
  • This test consists of suspending a freshly polished and cleaned mild steel block, 1.8 cm. x 1.8 cm. x 0.6 cm., in the upper portion of a 250 ml. Erlenmeyer flask from a watch glass which covers the flask. 5 ml. of the oil composition to be tested and 10 ml. distilled Water are placed in the flask. The flask is immersed in an oil bath at 150 F. to a depth of 5 cm. The steel block was examined after 7 days; if there were 6 specks or more of rust, the oil composition was considered to have failed the test.
  • Compositions H, J, K, L, M and N were tested. The results of these tests are given in Table 1.
  • compositions H and I possessed satisfactory vapor-space inhibitor properties
  • compositions in which the sulfurized oleic acid, amine and/or alkylcarboxylic acid was omitted did not have satisfactory vapor-space inhibitor properties.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil and a minor amount, sufficient to impart vapor-space inhibiting properties, of a vaporspace inhibitor consisting of a sulfurized C unsaturated carboxylic acid and a member selected from the group consisting of (1) a C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and (2) a C C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and an amine selected from the group consisting of alkylamines cycloalkylamines, morpholine, piperidine and N, N-dimethyl piperazine.
  • a vaporspace inhibitor consisting of a sulfurized C unsaturated carboxylic acid and a member selected from the group consisting of (1) a C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and (2) a C C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and an amine selected from the group consisting of alkylamines cycloalkylamines, morpholine, piperidine and N, N-di
  • composition of claim 1 wherein the vapor space inhibitor consists of 0.01 to 1.0% of a sulfurized C 5 unsaturated carboxylic acid, 0.05 to 0.5% of a C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and 0.01 to 05.% of an amine selected from the group consisting of alkylamines, cycloalkylamines, morpholine, piperidine and N,N-dimethyl piperazine.
  • composition as defined in claim 2 wherein the olefinic acid is oleic acid.
  • composition of claim 3 wherein the amine is morpholine.
  • composition of claim 3 wherein the amine is dicyclohexylamine.
  • composition of claim 5 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is caprylic acid.
  • composition of claim 5 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is capric acid.
  • composition of claim 5 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is pelargonic acid.
  • composition of claim 8 wherein the composition contains from 0.01 to 0.05% w. sulfurized oleic acid, from 0.1 to 0.5% W. dicyclohexylamine and from 0.05 to 0.5% W. pelargonic acid.
  • composition of claim 8 wherein the composition contains 0.02% sulfurized oleic acid, 0.20% w. dicyclohexylamine and 0.10% w. pelargonic acid.
  • composition of claim 1 wherein the vaporspace inhibitor consists of 0.01 to 1.0% of a sulfurized C unsaturated carboxylic acid and 0.05 to 5.0% of a C n-alkylcarboxylic acid.
  • composition of claim 11 wherein the unsaturated carboxylic acid is oleic acid.
  • composition of claim 13 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is pelargonic acid.
  • composition of claim 12 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is caprylic acid.
  • composition of claim 12 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is a mixture of pelargonic and heptanoic acids.
  • composition of claim 12 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is capric acid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Lubricants (AREA)
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Description

United States Patent 3,398,095 VAPOR-SPACE INHIBITORS Clark W. Judd, Alton, Ill., assignor to Shell Oil Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Nov. 13, 1967, Ser. No. 682,571 16 Claims. (Cl. 25247.5)
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The corrosion prevention characteristics of volatile vapor-space inhibitors are greatly enhanced by the presence of sulfurized oleic acid together with a member selected from (1) a C C n-alkyl carboxylic acid and (2) a C -C n-alkyl carboxylic acid and certain amines.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to antirust lubricant compositions and particularly to an antirust composition comprising sulfurized carboxylic acid with conventional vapor-space inhibitors such as fatty acids and alkyl or cyclic amines.
It is well known that the rusting of ferrous metal surfaces is a common problem in the field of lubrication. Accordingly, a large amount of research effort has developed a great many additives which, when present in lubricants in small amounts, inhibit corrosion of the surfaces with which the oil comes into contact. Reference to many of these inhibitors is found in a book by Putilova et al., Metallic Corrosion Inhibitors, Pergamon Press, 1960. Although these known inhibitors are successful in reducing or eliminating corrosion of metal in contact wtih the liquid, they are generally ineffective for reducing corrosion in the vapor space above the fluid. These preservative oils are adequate only "as long as a continuous oil film of appreciable thickness is maintained. However, serious rusting problems have been encountered in certain infrequently operated or stored equipment, especially when the humidity is high. For instance, a large amount of agricultural machinery is in operation only during certain seasons of the year. F-rui-t picking and packing equipment may be idle for most of the year; for example, processing equipment in a winery may be in operation only a few weeks annually. Snow removal equipment must be in storage throughout the summer. Both new and used cars may remain for months in dealers lots with infrequent operation. It is apparent that although known inhibitors would prevent rusting of the metal surfaces in contact with the lubricating oil, corrosion could occur freely in the space above the oil level.
To prevent corrosion in the vapor space, it is generally necessary to include certain organic compounds known as vapor-space inhibitors. Effective vapor-space inhibitors are well known and, in general, include certain fatty acids and amines, alone or in combination, with each other. Effective as these vapor-space inhibitors may be, improvement is desired.
SUMMARY It has now been discovered that oils containing sulfurized carboxylic acid in combination with known vapor-space inhibitors such as the fatty acids and amines provide excellent corrosion inhibition for ferrous metals not in contact with the fluid lubricant. The inhibitor combination may be incorporated into formulations which are used as steam-turbine oils, hydraulic and circulating oils, factory-fill fuels and lubricants, general preservative oils, greases, and the like. The combination is highly effective for preventing vapor-space corrosion in systems where water may be present in the oil.
I Patented Aug. 20, 1968 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The inhibitor combination may be used in a variety of lubricants. Preferably the lubricant is a mineral oil, such as that used in formulating turbine oil, circulating oil, hydraulic fluids, etc. Typical properties of a suitable mineral oil for use in the invention are:
GR, API, 60 C. 25.3 Pour point, F. 20 Flash, F. COC 460 Viscosity:
SUS at F. 533 SUS at 210 F. 65.5 Viscosity index 97 The fatty acids suitable for use in the inhibitor combination are those used as conventional vapor-space inhibitor agents and are preferably C to C n-alkylcarboxylic acids. Of these acids, caprylic, pelargonic and capric are particularly preferred.
Alkylcarboxylic acids, such as pelargonic acid, are very effective oil-soluble vapor-space inhibitors by themselves in neutral and acidic systems. However, the effectiveness of such an inhibitor can be extended to basic systems, as well as improved, by adding to the acid an amine.
Amines suitable for use in the present compositions are those conventionally used as vapor-space inhibitors and include primary, and secondary tertiary alkyl and cycloalklyl amines and other cyclic amines. In general, the amines contain from 4 to 18 carbon atoms. Amines which are preferred for use in the inhibitor combination of the present invention are hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethyl 1,3 propane dia mine, morpholine, tri-n-butylamine, piperidine and N,N-dimethly piperazine.
Suitable sulfurized carboxylic acids include the sulfurized acids derived from C to C unsaturated hydrocarbon carboxylic acids and preferably sulfurized fatty acids. Preferred are sulfurized fatty acids having from 12. to 18 carbon atoms, and particularly sulfurized oleic, linoleic acid and the like. Mixtures of the above acids may also be used. The preferred sulfurized acids are those derived from oleic acid or a mixture of olefinic acids which is predominantly oleic acid, viz. commercial grades of oleic acid.
The preparation of sulfurized fatty acids is well known and can be achieved simply by reacting the unsaturated acid, e.g., oleic acid, with free sulfur at temperatures of about C. to 300 C. The amount of sulfur in the sulfurized acid may vary from about 5 to 15% w. Sulfurized oleic acid available commercially from Carlisle Chemical Works.
The concentration of the amine, alkylcarboxylic acid and sulfurized olefinic acid, based on the total formulation can vary over wide ranges. Oil formulations containing .concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0% sulfurized carboxylic acid 0.05 to 0.5% alkylcarboxylic acid and 0.1 to 0.5% amine, if present, are quite suitable. For example, 0.03% w. sulfurized oleic acid plus 0.1% w. pelargonic acid and 0.2% w. dicyclohexylamine, are
satisfactory to provide effective VSI properties in circulating oils. Doubling the concentrations ofthe respective compounds in circulating oil formulations does not noticeably change the vapor space inhibitor properties of the oil.
Other additives may also be added to the oil formulations of the present invention containing the inhibitor combination to improve its performance. These additives include, for example, antifoam agents, oxidation inhibitors, such as hindred phenols and aromatic amines, dispersants, pour point depressants, extreme pressure agents, liquid phase rust inhibitors, such as C2042 alkyl succinic acids, and viscosity improvers.
Illustrative examples of formulations according to the invention comprise.
Composition A: Percent w. Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Dicyclohexylamine 0.2 Pelargonic acid 0.1 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.03 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition B:
Sulfurized linoleic acid 0.03 Dicyclohexylamine 0.15 Pelargonic acid 0.13 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.01 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition C:
Sulfurized linoleic acid 0.02
Dicyclohexylamine 0.25 Caprylic acid 0.15 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.05 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition D:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02
Dicyclohexylamine 0.20 Capric acid 0.10 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.1 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition E:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Morpholine 0.20 Pelargonic acid 0.15 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.03 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition F:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.04 Piperidine 0.25 Pelargonic acid 0.12
Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
CompositionzG:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Hexylamine 0.20 Pelargonic acid 0.10
Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition H:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Dicyclohexylamine 0.20 Pelargonic acid 0.10 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.03 Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine 0.10 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol 0.50 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition J:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Dicyclohexylamine 0.20 Caprylic acid 0.10 Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine 0.10 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol 0.50 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
To illustrate the effectiveness of the inhibitor combination in compositions of the present invention with respect to vapor-space inhibitor (VSI) properties, a comparison is made with the following compositions:
Composition K: Percent w. Dicyclohexylamine 0.20 Pelargonic acid 0.10 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.03 Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine 0.10 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol 0.50 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition L:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine 0.10 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol 0.50 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition M:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine 0.10 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol 0.50 Pelargonic acid 0.05 Heptanoic acid 0.05 Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
Composition N:
Sulfurized oleic acid 0.02 Dicyclohexylamine 0.20 C2042 alkyl succinic acid 0.03 Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine 0.10 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol 0.50
Mineral lubricating oil, balance.
To test the eflectiveness of the vapor-space inhibitor agents in the various compositions, the compositions Were subjected to a F. corrosion test. This test consists of suspending a freshly polished and cleaned mild steel block, 1.8 cm. x 1.8 cm. x 0.6 cm., in the upper portion of a 250 ml. Erlenmeyer flask from a watch glass which covers the flask. 5 ml. of the oil composition to be tested and 10 ml. distilled Water are placed in the flask. The flask is immersed in an oil bath at 150 F. to a depth of 5 cm. The steel block was examined after 7 days; if there were 6 specks or more of rust, the oil composition was considered to have failed the test. Compositions H, J, K, L, M and N were tested. The results of these tests are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Composition Run No. Result 1 Pass 1 Do. 1 Fail 1 Do. 1 Pass 1 Fail.
The results of Table 1 show that the compositions of the present invention possessed satisfactory vapor-space inhibitor properties (Compositions H and I), whereas compositions in which the sulfurized oleic acid, amine and/or alkylcarboxylic acid was omitted, did not have satisfactory vapor-space inhibitor properties.
I claim as my invention:
1. A lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil and a minor amount, sufficient to impart vapor-space inhibiting properties, of a vaporspace inhibitor consisting of a sulfurized C unsaturated carboxylic acid and a member selected from the group consisting of (1) a C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and (2) a C C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and an amine selected from the group consisting of alkylamines cycloalkylamines, morpholine, piperidine and N, N-dimethyl piperazine.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the vapor space inhibitor consists of 0.01 to 1.0% of a sulfurized C 5 unsaturated carboxylic acid, 0.05 to 0.5% of a C n-alkylcarboxylic acid and 0.01 to 05.% of an amine selected from the group consisting of alkylamines, cycloalkylamines, morpholine, piperidine and N,N-dimethyl piperazine.
3. The composition as defined in claim 2 wherein the olefinic acid is oleic acid.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the amine is morpholine.
5. The composition of claim 3 wherein the amine is dicyclohexylamine.
6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is caprylic acid.
7. The composition of claim 5 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is capric acid.
8. The composition of claim 5 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is pelargonic acid.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the composition contains from 0.01 to 0.05% w. sulfurized oleic acid, from 0.1 to 0.5% W. dicyclohexylamine and from 0.05 to 0.5% W. pelargonic acid.
10. The composition of claim 8 wherein the composition contains 0.02% sulfurized oleic acid, 0.20% w. dicyclohexylamine and 0.10% w. pelargonic acid.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the vaporspace inhibitor consists of 0.01 to 1.0% of a sulfurized C unsaturated carboxylic acid and 0.05 to 5.0% of a C n-alkylcarboxylic acid.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the unsaturated carboxylic acid is oleic acid.
13. The composition of claim 12 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is pelargonic acid.
14. The composition of claim 12 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is caprylic acid.
15. The composition of claim 12 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is a mixture of pelargonic and heptanoic acids.
16. The composition of claim 12 wherein the n-alkylcarboxylic acid is capric acid.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,257,752 10/1941 Lincoln et al. 252-475 XR 2,268,608 1/ 1942 McNulty et al. 252-475 XR 2,368,605 1/1945 White 252-486 XR 2,829,945 4/1958 Krieg 21-25 3,169,116 2/1965 Baseman et al. 21-2.7 XR
DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.
25 W. H. CANNON, Assistant Examiner.
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DE19681769773 DE1769773A1 (en) 1967-11-13 1968-07-11 Lubricating oil with an additive to prevent vapor phase corrosion
GB33107/68A GB1169860A (en) 1967-11-13 1968-07-11 Lubricating Oil Composition comprising Vapour-Space Inhibitors
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US3892670A (en) * 1973-08-15 1975-07-01 Texaco Inc Vapor space corrosion inhibited compositions
US4086172A (en) * 1976-04-01 1978-04-25 Chevron Research Company Lubricating oil additive composition
US4102796A (en) * 1976-04-01 1978-07-25 Chevron Research Company Lubricating oil antioxidant additive composition
US4137206A (en) * 1977-02-14 1979-01-30 New World Products, Inc. Tire protection composition
US4137187A (en) * 1977-08-10 1979-01-30 Chevron Research Company Antiwear additive and lubricating oil composition containing same
US4161451A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-07-17 Chevron Research Company Lubricating oil additive composition
WO1986005508A1 (en) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Hydrogen sulfide stabilized oil-soluble sulfurized organic compositions
EP0391653A2 (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-10-10 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Lubricant compositions
EP0450208A1 (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-10-09 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Lubricant compositions and additives therefor
US5328619A (en) * 1991-06-21 1994-07-12 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Oil additive concentrates and lubricants of enhanced performance capabilities
US20030220436A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-11-27 Gencer Mehmet A. Biodegradable polymers containing one or more inhibitors and methods for producing same
US20040063837A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-04-01 Kubik Donald Alfons Tarnish inhibiting composition and article containing it
US20040069972A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-04-15 Kubik Donald Alfons Corrosion inhibiting composition and article containing it
US20040173779A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-09-09 Gencer Mehmet A. Biodegradable shaped article containing a corrosion inhibitor and inert filler particles
US20080001410A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2008-01-03 Welch Kenneth W Jr Buoyancy pump power system
US20080064812A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2008-03-13 Ramani Narayan Biodegradable polymer masterbatch, and a composition derived therefrom having improved physical properties
US20080265581A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2008-10-30 Welch Kenneth W Buoyancy pump power system
US20090151598A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Georg Reinhard Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors and method for their production
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DE202017100646U1 (en) 2017-02-08 2017-02-21 Branopac Gmbh Corrosion protection emitter
DE202017002947U1 (en) 2017-06-02 2017-07-13 Corrolytic GmbH Corrosion protection pad
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DE202017003450U1 (en) 2017-06-29 2017-07-27 Corroyltic GmbH Corrosion protection fleece
DE202017003456U1 (en) 2017-06-30 2017-08-10 Buhl-Paperform Gmbh Anticorrosion fiber molding
DE102017122483B3 (en) 2017-09-27 2018-10-25 Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh Compositions of vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors and their use and process for their preparation
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US3892670A (en) * 1973-08-15 1975-07-01 Texaco Inc Vapor space corrosion inhibited compositions
US4086172A (en) * 1976-04-01 1978-04-25 Chevron Research Company Lubricating oil additive composition
US4102796A (en) * 1976-04-01 1978-07-25 Chevron Research Company Lubricating oil antioxidant additive composition
US4137206A (en) * 1977-02-14 1979-01-30 New World Products, Inc. Tire protection composition
US4137187A (en) * 1977-08-10 1979-01-30 Chevron Research Company Antiwear additive and lubricating oil composition containing same
US4161451A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-07-17 Chevron Research Company Lubricating oil additive composition
WO1986005508A1 (en) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Hydrogen sulfide stabilized oil-soluble sulfurized organic compositions
EP0391653A2 (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-10-10 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Lubricant compositions
EP0391653A3 (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-12-27 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd. Lubricant compositions
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US5328619A (en) * 1991-06-21 1994-07-12 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Oil additive concentrates and lubricants of enhanced performance capabilities
US8008373B2 (en) 2002-01-22 2011-08-30 Northern Technologies International Corp. Biodegradable polymer masterbatch, and a composition derived therefrom having improved physical properties
US20030220436A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-11-27 Gencer Mehmet A. Biodegradable polymers containing one or more inhibitors and methods for producing same
US20040069972A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-04-15 Kubik Donald Alfons Corrosion inhibiting composition and article containing it
US20040173779A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-09-09 Gencer Mehmet A. Biodegradable shaped article containing a corrosion inhibitor and inert filler particles
US7261839B2 (en) 2002-01-22 2007-08-28 Northern Technologies International Corp. Tarnish inhibiting composition and article containing it
US7270775B2 (en) 2002-01-22 2007-09-18 Northern Technologies International Corp. Corrosion inhibiting composition and article containing it
US20040063837A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-04-01 Kubik Donald Alfons Tarnish inhibiting composition and article containing it
US20080064812A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2008-03-13 Ramani Narayan Biodegradable polymer masterbatch, and a composition derived therefrom having improved physical properties
US20100212310A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2010-08-26 Welch Jr Kenneth W Buoyancy pump power system
US7735317B2 (en) 2002-10-10 2010-06-15 Independent Natural Resources, Inc. Buoyancy pump power system
US20080001410A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2008-01-03 Welch Kenneth W Jr Buoyancy pump power system
US7737572B2 (en) 2004-12-16 2010-06-15 Independent Natural Resources, Inc. Buoyancy pump power system
US20080265581A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2008-10-30 Welch Kenneth W Buoyancy pump power system
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US20090151598A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Georg Reinhard Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors and method for their production
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US7824482B2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2010-11-02 Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors and method for their production
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US20110198540A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-18 Georg Reinhard Compositions of vapour phase corrosion inhibitors, method for the production thereof and use thereof for temporary protection against corrosion
US8906267B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2014-12-09 Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh Compositions of vapour phase corrosion inhibitors, method for the production thereof and use thereof for temporary protection against corrosion
DE202017100646U1 (en) 2017-02-08 2017-02-21 Branopac Gmbh Corrosion protection emitter
DE202017002802U1 (en) 2017-05-26 2017-07-13 Corroyltic GmbH Corrosion protection dispenser
DE202017002947U1 (en) 2017-06-02 2017-07-13 Corrolytic GmbH Corrosion protection pad
DE202017003450U1 (en) 2017-06-29 2017-07-27 Corroyltic GmbH Corrosion protection fleece
DE202017003456U1 (en) 2017-06-30 2017-08-10 Buhl-Paperform Gmbh Anticorrosion fiber molding
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US10753000B2 (en) 2017-09-27 2020-08-25 Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh Compositions of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors and their use as well as methods for their manufacture
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