US3394090A - Method of foaming polyvinyl chloride using an activator - Google Patents
Method of foaming polyvinyl chloride using an activator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3394090A US3394090A US366654A US36665464A US3394090A US 3394090 A US3394090 A US 3394090A US 366654 A US366654 A US 366654A US 36665464 A US36665464 A US 36665464A US 3394090 A US3394090 A US 3394090A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- activator
- polyvinylchloride
- propellant
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XRHGYUZYPHTUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XRHGYUZYPHTUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- HCGXLLKTPOWTFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl HCGXLLKTPOWTFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical class [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CXENHBSYCFFKJS-OXYODPPFSA-N (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene Chemical class CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C\C=C(\C)C=C CXENHBSYCFFKJS-OXYODPPFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OBKXEAXTFZPCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbutyric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OBKXEAXTFZPCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- OFJWFSNDPCAWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OFJWFSNDPCAWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 aromatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019646 color tone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- YJOMWQQKPKLUBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);phthalate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YJOMWQQKPKLUBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/101—Agents modifying the decomposition temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S521/909—Blowing-agent moderator, e.g. kickers
Definitions
- activators for polyvinyl chloride and similar high polymers there are usually employed basic lead salts, as, for example, lead carbonate, lead sulphate, lead phthalate, and similar compounds, but also zinc compounds, as, for example, Zinc oxide, all of which give a comparatively good kicker-effect. But the heatand light-stabilization obtained with these products is insufficient for the majority of employment purposes. Moreover, the hithertoemployed products, because of the comparatively great covering ability, exhibit white-pigment characteristics, so that with the employment of such activators it is usually only in special cases that it is possible to obtain dark and deep colortones.
- the acids employed are preferably aliphatic aromatic and mixed aliphatic-aromatic monocarboxylic acids with a C-number of 6-l4.
- alpha-phenylbutyric acid p-tolylic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid and trichlorobenzylic acid.
- aromatic carboxylic acids which contain one or more alkylor aryl-groups as well as halogen-groups.
- metals there find employment preferably cadmium and lead.
- the quantity of the activator according to the invention added to the aforementioned substances may be between 0.5 and 10% of the total quantity of the polymer.
- a foam product produced according to the invention at low temperature without pressure exhibits the following composition: parts of polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride-mixed polymerizates; 60* parts of softener, for example, dioctylphthalate; 4 parts of propellant, for example, azodicarbonamide; 1 part of a product according to the invention.
- a method of preparing foam articles from a mixture comprising (a) polyvinylchloride, and (b) a heat decomposable propellant therefor containing a nitrogento-nitrogen bond wherein the mixture is heated to an elevated temperature at which the propellant releases gas and the polyvinylchloride is foamed thereby, the improvement which comprises simultaneously activating the propellant and stabilizing the polyvinylchloride by admixing 0.5-10 parts by weight of an activator with each 100 parts by weight of the polyvinylchloride prior to the foaming thereof, the activator consisting of at least one salt of a divalent metal and a monocarboxylic acid containing one aryl group selected from the group consisting of the lead and cadmium salts of alpha phenylbutyric acid, met-hylbenzoic acid, trichlorophenylacetic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid and mixtures thereof.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,394,090 METHOD OF FOAMING POLYVINYL CHLORIDE USING AN ACTIVATOR Dieter H. A. Hayer, Stuttgart, Germany, assignor to G. Siegle & Co. GmbI-I, Stuttgart, Germany No Drawing. Filed May 11, 1964, Ser. No. 366,654 1 Claim. (Cl. 260-25) For pressureless production of foam products on the basis of high polymers, especially of polyvinyl chloride and its mixed-polymerizates, there are employed propellants, as, for example, azodicarbonamide and benzene sulphonehydrazide. In order to be able to carry out this process also at lower temperature it is customary to add to these propellant-added mixtures also an activator or so-called kicker. For obtaining a sufiicient lightand heat-stabilization there is also added to these mixtures a commercial stabilizer.
As activators for polyvinyl chloride and similar high polymers there are usually employed basic lead salts, as, for example, lead carbonate, lead sulphate, lead phthalate, and similar compounds, but also zinc compounds, as, for example, Zinc oxide, all of which give a comparatively good kicker-effect. But the heatand light-stabilization obtained with these products is insufficient for the majority of employment purposes. Moreover, the hithertoemployed products, because of the comparatively great covering ability, exhibit white-pigment characteristics, so that with the employment of such activators it is usually only in special cases that it is possible to obtain dark and deep colortones.
It has now been found that by the employment of salts of 'bivalanet metals and monocarboxylic acids there is obtained not only an excellent kicker effect but at the same time also a very good heatand light-stabilization. The acids employed are preferably aliphatic aromatic and mixed aliphatic-aromatic monocarboxylic acids with a C-number of 6-l4.
Good results are obtained with alpha-phenylbutyric acid, p-tolylic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid and trichlorobenzylic acid. There are preferably employed aromatic carboxylic acids which contain one or more alkylor aryl-groups as well as halogen-groups. As metals there find employment preferably cadmium and lead.
The advantages of the method of the invention can be seen from the following table, in which there is presented the activating and stabilizing efiect of the products of the invention in comparison with a commercial activator and a commercial stabilizer at a foaming carried out at 160 C. and a furnace test carried out at 180 C. As the commercial activator there was employed zinc oxide, and as the commercial stabilizer, Nuostabe V-979. The numerical values give the foaming duration in sec onds respectively the duration of the heat treatment until a clearly beginning discoloration in minutes.
3,394,090 Patented July 23, 1968 ice Foaming Beginning of Duration Discoloration in Seconds After Minutes Commercial activator 160 10 Commercial stabilizer 950 45 Cadmium salt of alphaphenylbutyric acid. 158 40 Cadmium salt of methylbenzoic acid 214 45 Lead salt of methylbenzoic acid 165 45 Cadmium salt of trichlorophenylaectic acid 229 35 Cadmium salt of alpha-ethylhexanoic acid u 200 45 The foaming duration was determined in the following manner: 15 grams of dioctylphthalate, 15 grams of azodic-arbonamide, and 10 grams of a kicker of the invention were maintained in an oil bath at a temperature of 160 C. At this there split off gases, which were captured and measured. After the times stated in the above table the gas evolution was ended. At the furnace test carried out for determining the heat stability the following recipe was employed: parts of polyvinyl chloride (produced according to the suspension method), 30 parts of dioctylphthalate, 1 part of lubricant (commercial monooleate), and 1 part of product according to the invention.
The quantity of the activator according to the invention added to the aforementioned substances may be between 0.5 and 10% of the total quantity of the polymer.
A foam product produced according to the invention at low temperature without pressure exhibits the following composition: parts of polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride-mixed polymerizates; 60* parts of softener, for example, dioctylphthalate; 4 parts of propellant, for example, azodicarbonamide; 1 part of a product according to the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. In a method of preparing foam articles from a mixture comprising (a) polyvinylchloride, and (b) a heat decomposable propellant therefor containing a nitrogento-nitrogen bond wherein the mixture is heated to an elevated temperature at which the propellant releases gas and the polyvinylchloride is foamed thereby, the improvement which comprises simultaneously activating the propellant and stabilizing the polyvinylchloride by admixing 0.5-10 parts by weight of an activator with each 100 parts by weight of the polyvinylchloride prior to the foaming thereof, the activator consisting of at least one salt of a divalent metal and a monocarboxylic acid containing one aryl group selected from the group consisting of the lead and cadmium salts of alpha phenylbutyric acid, met-hylbenzoic acid, trichlorophenylacetic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid and mixtures thereof.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,197,423 7/ 1965 Ackerman 260-25 MURRAY TILLMAN, Primary Examiner.
M. FOELAK, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. IN A METHOD OF PREPARING FOAM ARTICLES FROM A MIXTURE COMPRISING (A) POLYVINYLCHLORIDE, AND (B) A HEAT DECOMPOSABLE PROPELLANT THEREFOR CONTAINING A NITROGENTO-NITROGEN BOND WHEREIN THE MIXTURE IS HEATED TO AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE PROPELLANT RELEASES GAS AND THE POLYVINYLCHLORIDE IS FOAMED THEREBY, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES SIMULTANEOUSLY ACTIVATING THE PROPELLANT AND STABILIZING THE POLYVINYLCHLORIDE BY ADMIXING 0.5-10 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF AN ACTIVATOR WITH EACH 100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF THE POLYVINYLCHLORIDE PRIOR TO THE FOAMING THEREOF, THE ACTIVATOR CONSISTING OF AT LEAST ONE SALT OF A DIVALENT METAL AND A MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID CONTAINING ONE ARYL GROUP SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE LEAD AND CADMIUM SALTS OF ALPH PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID, METHYLBENZOIC ACID, TRICHLOROPHENYLACETIC ACID, P-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID AND MIXTURES THEREOF.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US366654A US3394090A (en) | 1964-05-11 | 1964-05-11 | Method of foaming polyvinyl chloride using an activator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US366654A US3394090A (en) | 1964-05-11 | 1964-05-11 | Method of foaming polyvinyl chloride using an activator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3394090A true US3394090A (en) | 1968-07-23 |
Family
ID=23443941
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US366654A Expired - Lifetime US3394090A (en) | 1964-05-11 | 1964-05-11 | Method of foaming polyvinyl chloride using an activator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3394090A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3986989A (en) * | 1974-08-28 | 1976-10-19 | Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. | Cellular vinyl halide resin compositions and a process for their production |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3197423A (en) * | 1961-01-10 | 1965-07-27 | Carlisle Chemical Works | Manufacture of cellular polyvinyl chloride |
-
1964
- 1964-05-11 US US366654A patent/US3394090A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3197423A (en) * | 1961-01-10 | 1965-07-27 | Carlisle Chemical Works | Manufacture of cellular polyvinyl chloride |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3986989A (en) * | 1974-08-28 | 1976-10-19 | Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. | Cellular vinyl halide resin compositions and a process for their production |
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