US3393383A - Electrically controlled surface waveguide phase shifter - Google Patents
Electrically controlled surface waveguide phase shifter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3393383A US3393383A US583329A US58332966A US3393383A US 3393383 A US3393383 A US 3393383A US 583329 A US583329 A US 583329A US 58332966 A US58332966 A US 58332966A US 3393383 A US3393383 A US 3393383A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric
- surface waveguide
- waveguide
- phase shifter
- ferrite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001227713 Chiron Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/443—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element varying the phase velocity along a leaky transmission line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/19—Phase-shifters using a ferromagnetic device
Definitions
- a surface wave phase shifter for use, for example, with electronic beam scanning in phased antenna array systems. It consists of a surface waveguide of the single conductor type, which is partially surrounded by ferro-magnetic material in direct coupling with the wave propagating along the conductor, either as a complete sleeve or as sectoral parts. External means are provided to establish a magnetic field inside said magnetic material, the magnetizing current for which may flow along the waveguide conductor.
- the present invention concerns phase shifting devices based on the properties of ferromagnetic materials used in conjunction with surface waveguides.
- Phase shifters have a very Wide range of application.
- One of the important utilizations of such devices relates to electronic scanning of phased array antennas in which phase shifting of the feed signal is necessary in order to provide for beam scanning.
- Wide use is made of rectangular waveguide phase shifters incorporating a ferrite rod located along the waveguide axis and magnetized in parallel with the propagation axis by means of an electromagnet. The operation of such a device is fully described by F. Reggia and E.
- FIGURES 1 and 2 show respectively a cross-sectional and a longitudinal cut view of a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIGURES 3 and 4 are the same views of the second embodiment.
- FIGURES 5 and 6 represent a third embodiment
- FIGURES 7 and 8 a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- conducting wire 1 which guides the surface wave is made of plain copper thread.
- the wire is surrounded by a dielectric envelope 2 having two longitudinal sectoral housings in which are located two ferrite parts 3.
- a protecting dielectric layer 4 is used to mechanically lock the ferrite in their housings. Layer 4 is tapered at each end in order to provide matching.
- the magnetizing current I for the ferrite flows in wire 1.
- the current input and output are provided at stub 5 by means of two leads 6 and 6'.
- the input lead penetrates through dielectric coating 2 to the central conductor 1.
- the output lead 6 is connected at the other end of 1, passes through the dielectric coating 2 and runs along the outside of protective coating 4.
- Lead 6 is shown in FIGURE 2 as a straight line in order to facilitate illustration of the interconnections.
- the location and the shape of the leads in actual practice are such as to prevent any short circuiting of the high frequency field in the dielectric coatings 2 and 4. As is well known, this is obtained by spirally or helically winding the lead around the Waveguide.
- Two dielectric discs 7 with low loss are located at each end of the phase shifter in order to provide insulation of the device with respect to the input and output waveguides as far as the magnetizing current is concerned. As known, the thickness of these discs should be kept within of the wavelength value so as to prevent any mismatch.
- the above description relates to a phase shifter to be incorporated in a surface waveguide circuit.
- insulating discs 7 are replaced by coupling flanges.
- the flanges are replaced by surface wave to coaxial transitions.
- Output for current I can be obtained through lead 6' along the external conductor of the coaxial line.
- Current I establishes a magnetizing field of circular symmetry.
- the high frequency magnetic field of the propagating wave also has circular symmetry.
- the magnetizing field has no action on the phase velocity when it is parallel to the high frequency magnetic field.
- the ferrite parts introduce discontinuities which interact with the high frequency field distribution. Therefore at each extremity of the device areas are to be found where the magnetic fields are not parallel.
- the device produces a phase shift which varies with the intensity of magnetizing current I.
- the ferrite parts In order to obtain higher sensitivity of the phase shift variation with respect to the magnetizing field the ferrite parts should be magnetized by means of an electromagnet which establishes a radial magnetic field H as shown 3 in FIGURES 3 and 4. In this device, the high frequency and the magnetizing fields are perpendicular with each other increasing the sensitivity.
- the two embodiments which have been described concern lump phase shifters.
- distributed phase shift is required.
- the wave guide comprises wire 9 along which flows the magnetizing current I.
- a closed ferromagnetic structure 8 surrounds completely the waveguide. It is made of two concentric sectoral parts 10 and 10' interconnected by radial arms 11 and 11.
- the ferrite structure extends the whole length of the waveguide section.
- Magnetizing field H is shown in the FIGURE 5. It is radial in arms 11 and 11' and therefore perpendicular to the high frequency magnetic field at this point.
- the phase shift of such a device is higher than the phase shift obtained on the previous embodiments.
- a dielectric sleeve 12 protects the ferrite. It is also used in order to concentrate the electromagnetic high frequency energy.
- the embodiment shown in FIGURES 7 and 8 is a lower cost design of a lump phase shifter.
- the magnetizing field is established by coil 13.
- the surface waveguide is composed of the cylindrical copper conductor 15 surrounded by a dielectric envelope 14.
- Envelope 14 is coated with a ferrite film 16 over a part of its length.
- the film is covered with a dielectric sleeve which serves as a mandrel for coil 13.
- this sleeve should have a dielectric constant as near as possible to the dielectric constant of air. It is tapered at each end in order to prevent reflections.
- the thickness of this sleeve is chosen so that coil 13 is located outside the high frequency energy concentration zone.
- Such a device has been operated at C-hand (5.5 gHz.) with the following specific parameter: conductor 15 is 3 mm. diameter copper tubing, the dielectric coating outside diameter is 4.5 mm. The ferrite coating is .7 to .8 mm. thick.
- a surface waveguide can be defined by the 90% power flow radius of the field which is the radius of a cylinder concentric to the waveguide in which is located 90% of the electromagnetic energy. The radius for such a waveguide is between and 50 mm.
- the inside radius of coil 13 is 30 mm.
- the length of the coil is 0.01 m. and it is made of 10 turns of wire.
- the field H :4800 amp/meter 60 oersteds.
- the phase shift with respect to the same waveguide with a zero field is 6 per cm. It increases linearly with the field up to a saturation value (about 7 per cm. at 80 oersteds). Due to saturation of the ferrite, the phase-shift will increase no more if the field becomes higher.
- To increase the phaseshift it is necessary either to increase the waveguide length or to replace the ferrite film by a ferrite ring or a dielectric ring loaded with ferrite and surrounding the dielectric coating. In the case of a dielectric ring the dielectric coating can be suppressed.
- a feed for a phased array antenna is made of several such devices located along a surface waveguide between two successive radiating elements.
- a surface waveguide distributed phase shifter comprising a conducting wire, a ferromagnetic sleeve surrounding said conducting wire within the electromagnetic field of said surface waveguide, means for establishing controllable magnetic field in said ferromagnetic sleeve, input and output means for said surface waveguide, supply means for said magnetic field establishing means decoupled from said electromagnetic field.
- a surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire, a ferromagnetic part surrounding said conducting wire within the electromagnetic field of said surface waveguide, means for establishing controllable magnetic field in said ferromagnetic part, means for supplying electromagnetic energy to said surface waveguide, output means for said waveguide and supply means for said magnetic field establishing means decoupled from said electromagnetic field.
- a surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire length surrounded by a dielectric envelope, input coupling means for applying electromagnetic energy to said wire, output coupling means for said wire, two longitudinal recesses worked out in said dielectric envelope, two ferromagnetic material pyramidal rods with a curvilinear trapezoidal cross section located in said recesses, a dielectric sleeve surrounding said rods, means for supplying an adjustable current to said conducting wire decoupled with respect to the electromagnetic propagating along said conducting wire, end means for insulating said adjustable current supply from input and output coupling means.
- a surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire length surrounded by a dielectric envelope, input coupling means for applying electromagnetic energy to said wire, output coupling means for said wire, two longitudinal recesses worked out in said dielectric envelope, two ferromagnetic material pyramidal rods with a curvilinear trapezoidal cross section located in said recesses, a dielectric sleeve surrounding said rods, electromagnetic means for establishing a radial magnetic field through said conducting wire.
- a surface waveguide distributed phase shifter comprising a threaded conducting wire, a longitudinal ferromagnetic sleeve with an approximately S-shaped crosssection surrounding said conductor on the greatest part of its circumference and all its length, a dielectric sleeve on said ferromagnetic sleeve, means to supply said threaded conducting wire with an adjustable current.
- a surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire, a dielectric envelope surrounding said wire, a ferromagnetic sleeve, coating part of the length of said dielectric envelope, a dielectric sleeve protecting said ferromagnetic sleeve made of a material the permittivity of which is almost equal to that of air, an electromagnetic winding coiled around said dielectric sleeve.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Description
July 16, 1968 B. CHIRON 'ETAL 3,393,383
ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED SURFACE WAVEGUIDE PHASE SHIFTER Filed Sept. 30, 1966 FERRITE United States Patent Ofice 3,393,383 Patented July 16, 1968 3,393,383 ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED SURFACE WAVEGUIDE PHASE SHIFIER Bernard Chiron and Christian Marchand, Paris, France,
assignors to Socit Lignes Telegraphiques et Telephoniqnes, Paris, France, a joint-stock company of France Filed Sept. 30, 1966, Ser. No. 583,329 6 Claims. (Cl. 333-241) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A surface wave phase shifter is disclosed for use, for example, with electronic beam scanning in phased antenna array systems. It consists of a surface waveguide of the single conductor type, which is partially surrounded by ferro-magnetic material in direct coupling with the wave propagating along the conductor, either as a complete sleeve or as sectoral parts. External means are provided to establish a magnetic field inside said magnetic material, the magnetizing current for which may flow along the waveguide conductor.
The present invention concerns phase shifting devices based on the properties of ferromagnetic materials used in conjunction with surface waveguides. Phase shifters have a very Wide range of application. One of the important utilizations of such devices relates to electronic scanning of phased array antennas in which phase shifting of the feed signal is necessary in order to provide for beam scanning. Wide use is made of rectangular waveguide phase shifters incorporating a ferrite rod located along the waveguide axis and magnetized in parallel with the propagation axis by means of an electromagnet. The operation of such a device is fully described by F. Reggia and E. Spencer in the Proceedings of the I.R.E.Novem ber 1957, pages 1510 to 1517 in the article entitled: A New Technique in Ferrite Phase Shifting for Beam Scanning of Microwave Antennas. By controlling the electromagnet current, the magnetizing field within the ferrite is varied, which accordingly varies the permeability of the fer-rite material. Due to permeability variation, the propagation velocity of a microwave Within the guide is modified and its phase is varied.
Several different devices have been made relying on the same basis in which the shaping of the ferrite and the magnetizing fields are appropriate to each particular requirement. Wide use of such devices has been made either in the waveguide range (using rectangular or round waveguides) or with coaxial, bifilar or strip lines at lower frequency ranges.
No phase shifter designed with a surface waveguide made of a single Wire conductor is known. Such a single wire surface waveguide has been described by P. Chavance and B. Chiron in Annales des Telecommunications, volume 8, November 1953, page 367, in the article entitled: Une tude exprimentale de transmission dondes centimtriques sur guides dondes filiformes. It is made either from a conducting wire coated with a dielectric envelope or from a conducting wire, the surface of which shows periodic corrugations such as can be obtained through threading. As mentioned in the above article, the electromagnetic energy is located around the wire. Concentration of the energy in a small volume is due to a reduction of the propagation velocity with respect to free propagation, such a reduction being obtained by either the envelope or the corrugations.
It is a first object of the invention to provide for much smaller phase shifters than the hollow waveguide phase shifters of the prior art.
It is another object of the invention to provide very low cost phase shifters.
It is another object of the invention to provide wide band phase shifters which can cover the frequency range extending from microwaves to very high frequencies.
It is another object of the invention to provide very simple phase shifters.
It is another object of the invention to provide low weight phase shifters.
The invention will be fully understood by reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings given by way of illustration without any limitative aim in which:
FIGURES 1 and 2 show respectively a cross-sectional and a longitudinal cut view of a first embodiment of the invention.
FIGURES 3 and 4 are the same views of the second embodiment.
FIGURES 5 and 6 represent a third embodiment, and
FIGURES 7 and 8 a fourth embodiment of the invention.
In FIGURES 1 and 2 conducting wire 1 which guides the surface wave is made of plain copper thread. The wire is surrounded by a dielectric envelope 2 having two longitudinal sectoral housings in which are located two ferrite parts 3. A protecting dielectric layer 4 is used to mechanically lock the ferrite in their housings. Layer 4 is tapered at each end in order to provide matching. The magnetizing current I for the ferrite flows in wire 1. The current input and output are provided at stub 5 by means of two leads 6 and 6'. The input lead penetrates through dielectric coating 2 to the central conductor 1. The output lead 6 is connected at the other end of 1, passes through the dielectric coating 2 and runs along the outside of protective coating 4. Lead 6 is shown in FIGURE 2 as a straight line in order to facilitate illustration of the interconnections. The location and the shape of the leads in actual practice are such as to prevent any short circuiting of the high frequency field in the dielectric coatings 2 and 4. As is well known, this is obtained by spirally or helically winding the lead around the Waveguide. Two dielectric discs 7 with low loss are located at each end of the phase shifter in order to provide insulation of the device with respect to the input and output waveguides as far as the magnetizing current is concerned. As known, the thickness of these discs should be kept within of the wavelength value so as to prevent any mismatch.
The above description relates to a phase shifter to be incorporated in a surface waveguide circuit. When a variable phase waveguide is required, insulating discs 7 are replaced by coupling flanges. If the device is to be connected to coaxial lines, the flanges are replaced by surface wave to coaxial transitions. Output for current I can be obtained through lead 6' along the external conductor of the coaxial line. Current I establishes a magnetizing field of circular symmetry. The high frequency magnetic field of the propagating wave also has circular symmetry. As can be shown by calculation the magnetizing field has no action on the phase velocity when it is parallel to the high frequency magnetic field. However, in the above described device the ferrite parts introduce discontinuities which interact with the high frequency field distribution. Therefore at each extremity of the device areas are to be found where the magnetic fields are not parallel. As described, the device produces a phase shift which varies with the intensity of magnetizing current I.
In order to obtain higher sensitivity of the phase shift variation with respect to the magnetizing field the ferrite parts should be magnetized by means of an electromagnet which establishes a radial magnetic field H as shown 3 in FIGURES 3 and 4. In this device, the high frequency and the magnetizing fields are perpendicular with each other increasing the sensitivity.
The two embodiments which have been described concern lump phase shifters. In some applications distributed phase shift is required. Such is the case in the design of feed source for phased array antennas. Such a distributed phase shift waveguide section is shown in FIGURES 5 and 6. The wave guide comprises wire 9 along which flows the magnetizing current I. A closed ferromagnetic structure 8 surrounds completely the waveguide. It is made of two concentric sectoral parts 10 and 10' interconnected by radial arms 11 and 11. The ferrite structure extends the whole length of the waveguide section. Magnetizing field H is shown in the FIGURE 5. It is radial in arms 11 and 11' and therefore perpendicular to the high frequency magnetic field at this point. The phase shift of such a device is higher than the phase shift obtained on the previous embodiments. A dielectric sleeve 12 protects the ferrite. It is also used in order to concentrate the electromagnetic high frequency energy.
The embodiment shown in FIGURES 7 and 8 is a lower cost design of a lump phase shifter. The magnetizing field is established by coil 13. The surface waveguide is composed of the cylindrical copper conductor 15 surrounded by a dielectric envelope 14. Envelope 14 is coated with a ferrite film 16 over a part of its length. The film is covered with a dielectric sleeve which serves as a mandrel for coil 13. In order to be electrically matched, this sleeve should have a dielectric constant as near as possible to the dielectric constant of air. It is tapered at each end in order to prevent reflections. The thickness of this sleeve is chosen so that coil 13 is located outside the high frequency energy concentration zone. Such a device has been operated at C-hand (5.5 gHz.) with the following specific parameter: conductor 15 is 3 mm. diameter copper tubing, the dielectric coating outside diameter is 4.5 mm. The ferrite coating is .7 to .8 mm. thick. A surface waveguide can be defined by the 90% power flow radius of the field which is the radius of a cylinder concentric to the waveguide in which is located 90% of the electromagnetic energy. The radius for such a waveguide is between and 50 mm. The inside radius of coil 13 is 30 mm. The magnetic field along the axis of the coil is H=nl amp/m. The length of the coil is 0.01 m. and it is made of 10 turns of wire. The equivalent tum/meter value is n=1000. For a current value of 1:48 A., the field H :4800 amp/meter=60 oersteds. The phase shift with respect to the same waveguide with a zero field is 6 per cm. It increases linearly with the field up to a saturation value (about 7 per cm. at 80 oersteds). Due to saturation of the ferrite, the phase-shift will increase no more if the field becomes higher. To increase the phaseshift it is necessary either to increase the waveguide length or to replace the ferrite film by a ferrite ring or a dielectric ring loaded with ferrite and surrounding the dielectric coating. In the case of a dielectric ring the dielectric coating can be suppressed. However, such a design shows rather high losses due to the fact that the ferrite is located within the electromagnetic field. This prohibits the use of such design in many applications. A feed for a phased array antenna is made of several such devices located along a surface waveguide between two successive radiating elements.
We claim:
1. A surface waveguide distributed phase shifter comprising a conducting wire, a ferromagnetic sleeve surrounding said conducting wire within the electromagnetic field of said surface waveguide, means for establishing controllable magnetic field in said ferromagnetic sleeve, input and output means for said surface waveguide, supply means for said magnetic field establishing means decoupled from said electromagnetic field.
2. A surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire, a ferromagnetic part surrounding said conducting wire within the electromagnetic field of said surface waveguide, means for establishing controllable magnetic field in said ferromagnetic part, means for supplying electromagnetic energy to said surface waveguide, output means for said waveguide and supply means for said magnetic field establishing means decoupled from said electromagnetic field.
3. A surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire length surrounded by a dielectric envelope, input coupling means for applying electromagnetic energy to said wire, output coupling means for said wire, two longitudinal recesses worked out in said dielectric envelope, two ferromagnetic material pyramidal rods with a curvilinear trapezoidal cross section located in said recesses, a dielectric sleeve surrounding said rods, means for supplying an adjustable current to said conducting wire decoupled with respect to the electromagnetic propagating along said conducting wire, end means for insulating said adjustable current supply from input and output coupling means.
4. A surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire length surrounded by a dielectric envelope, input coupling means for applying electromagnetic energy to said wire, output coupling means for said wire, two longitudinal recesses worked out in said dielectric envelope, two ferromagnetic material pyramidal rods with a curvilinear trapezoidal cross section located in said recesses, a dielectric sleeve surrounding said rods, electromagnetic means for establishing a radial magnetic field through said conducting wire.
5. A surface waveguide distributed phase shifter comprising a threaded conducting wire, a longitudinal ferromagnetic sleeve with an approximately S-shaped crosssection surrounding said conductor on the greatest part of its circumference and all its length, a dielectric sleeve on said ferromagnetic sleeve, means to supply said threaded conducting wire with an adjustable current.
6. A surface waveguide lumped phase shifter comprising a conducting wire, a dielectric envelope surrounding said wire, a ferromagnetic sleeve, coating part of the length of said dielectric envelope, a dielectric sleeve protecting said ferromagnetic sleeve made of a material the permittivity of which is almost equal to that of air, an electromagnetic winding coiled around said dielectric sleeve.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 4/1958 Rado 33324.3 1/1963 Yoshida 333-24.2
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR31926A FR1468808A (en) | 1965-09-20 | 1965-09-20 | Electrically controlled phase shifter using a surface waveguide |
US583329A US3393383A (en) | 1966-09-30 | 1966-09-30 | Electrically controlled surface waveguide phase shifter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US583329A US3393383A (en) | 1966-09-30 | 1966-09-30 | Electrically controlled surface waveguide phase shifter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3393383A true US3393383A (en) | 1968-07-16 |
Family
ID=24332652
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US583329A Expired - Lifetime US3393383A (en) | 1965-09-20 | 1966-09-30 | Electrically controlled surface waveguide phase shifter |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3393383A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2226726A1 (en) * | 1971-06-04 | 1973-01-04 | Lignes Telegraph Telephon | NON-RECIPROCAL TRANSMISSION ARRANGEMENT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC HIGH FREQUENCY WAVES |
FR2189884A1 (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1974-01-25 | Philips Nv | |
US4808950A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1989-02-28 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Electromagnetic dispersive delay line |
US4916416A (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1990-04-10 | Thomson-Csf | Method for the correction of a surface wave device, especially for a reflective array compressor |
AU652742B2 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1994-09-08 | L'oreal | Light resistant filtering cosmetic composition containing a UV-A filter and an alkyl beta, beta-diphenylacrylate or an alkyl alpha-cyano beta, beta-diphenylacrylate |
US5587150A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1996-12-24 | L'oreal | Photostable cosmetic screening composition containing a UV-A screening agent and an alkyl β, β-diphenylacrylate or α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2832938A (en) * | 1952-08-18 | 1958-04-29 | George T Rado | Polarization plane rotator for microwave energy |
US3071740A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1963-01-01 | Raytheon Co | Non-reciprocal tem device |
-
1966
- 1966-09-30 US US583329A patent/US3393383A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2832938A (en) * | 1952-08-18 | 1958-04-29 | George T Rado | Polarization plane rotator for microwave energy |
US3071740A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1963-01-01 | Raytheon Co | Non-reciprocal tem device |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2226726A1 (en) * | 1971-06-04 | 1973-01-04 | Lignes Telegraph Telephon | NON-RECIPROCAL TRANSMISSION ARRANGEMENT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC HIGH FREQUENCY WAVES |
US3845413A (en) * | 1971-06-04 | 1974-10-29 | Lignes Telegraph Telephon | Wideband non reciprocal integrated circuits utilizing surface wave propagation |
FR2189884A1 (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1974-01-25 | Philips Nv | |
US4808950A (en) * | 1986-10-06 | 1989-02-28 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Electromagnetic dispersive delay line |
US4916416A (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1990-04-10 | Thomson-Csf | Method for the correction of a surface wave device, especially for a reflective array compressor |
AU652742B2 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1994-09-08 | L'oreal | Light resistant filtering cosmetic composition containing a UV-A filter and an alkyl beta, beta-diphenylacrylate or an alkyl alpha-cyano beta, beta-diphenylacrylate |
US5576354A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1996-11-19 | L'oreal | Photostable cosmetic screening composition containing a UV-A screening agent and an alkyl β, β-diphenylacrylate or α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate |
US5587150A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1996-12-24 | L'oreal | Photostable cosmetic screening composition containing a UV-A screening agent and an alkyl β, β-diphenylacrylate or α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Gloeckler | Phased array for millimeter wave frequencies | |
US3265995A (en) | Transmission line to waveguide junction | |
US2238770A (en) | High frequency electrical conductor or radiator | |
US2688732A (en) | Wave guide | |
US2755447A (en) | Radio frequency coupling devices | |
Mueller et al. | Polyrod antennas | |
US2685068A (en) | Surface wave transmission line | |
US3277401A (en) | Multi-stable phase shifters for microwaves employing a plurality of high remanent magnetization materials | |
US3781725A (en) | Leaky coaxial cable | |
US10014903B2 (en) | Non-reciprocal transmission apparatus with different backward and forward propagation constants, provided for circularly polarized wave antenna apparatus | |
US3205501A (en) | Closely spaced stocked waveguide antenna array employing reciprocal ridged wageguide phase shifters | |
US3393383A (en) | Electrically controlled surface waveguide phase shifter | |
US2921308A (en) | Surface wave device | |
US4225869A (en) | Multislot bicone antenna | |
US2848695A (en) | Electromagnetic wave transmission | |
EP0120915B1 (en) | Millimeter-wave phase shifting device | |
US20190267690A1 (en) | Apparatuses and methods for mode suppression in rectangular waveguide | |
US3445851A (en) | Polarization insensitive microwave energy phase shifter | |
US3289115A (en) | Reciprocal stripline ferrite phase shifter having a folded center conductor | |
US3761938A (en) | Ferrite dipole antenna radiator | |
US4353042A (en) | Differential phase shifter for a waveguide carrying high-power microwaves | |
US3212031A (en) | Reciprocal microwave phase shifter | |
US2951999A (en) | Constant impedance attenuator | |
US3290622A (en) | Microwave ferromagnetic phase shifter having controllable d. c. magnetization | |
US4887054A (en) | Compact microstrip latching reciprocal phase shifter |