US3392023A - Gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing a salt of tris (beta-sulfatoethyl)-sulfonium inner salt - Google Patents
Gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing a salt of tris (beta-sulfatoethyl)-sulfonium inner salt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3392023A US3392023A US348815A US34881564A US3392023A US 3392023 A US3392023 A US 3392023A US 348815 A US348815 A US 348815A US 34881564 A US34881564 A US 34881564A US 3392023 A US3392023 A US 3392023A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- gelatin
- silver halide
- beta
- tris
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/30—Hardeners
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression
- G03C1/346—Organic derivatives of bivalent sulfur, selenium or tellurium
Definitions
- This invention relates to gelatin compositions containing therein as a hardener a sulfonium salt containing two or more sulfate ester linkages in positions beta to the sulfonium salt groups.
- One object of my invention is to provide addenda for photographic emulsions which serve not only as hardeners but also may act as antifoggants to improve the properties thereof.
- Another object of my invention is to provide compositions of matter composed of beta-sulfatoethylsulfonium salts.
- a further object of my invention is to provide hardeners for photographic emulsions which do not significantly decrease the sensitometric properties thereof either when freshly added or after storage. Other objects of my invention will appear herein.
- the vehicle for the silver halide emulsion may be made up entirely of gelatin or may contain in addition to the gelatin some other polymeric material such as polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, butyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, or some other suitable vinyl or acrylic polymeric material.
- the hardener is effective in hardening polymers generally having hydrophilic groups, e.g. OH, carboxyl, etc. Thus it is useful in compositions in which the binder or colloid is entirely a synthetic polymer having a hydrophilic radical therein.
- n is 0 or 1;
- R is an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or CH CH OSO M;
- Q is an alkylene chain of l to 10 carbon atoms which may contain unsaturation or phenylene, cycloalkylene or a hetero atom as part of the chain;
- M is a suitable cation such as ammonium, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and
- X represents any suitable anion as for example Cl", RS0 or the like.
- zwitterion compounds derived from the above by removal of one or more equivalents of such as the disodium salt of tris(beta-sulfatoethyl) sulfonium inner salt.
- the hardeners in accordance with my invention are effective when present in a gelatin composition in any concentration, however, usually amounts of 0.55 based on the weight of the gelatin will be found to be conveniently useful.
- Example I The disodium salt of tris(beta-sulfatoethyl)sulfonium inner salt having the structural formula S( 2CHa SOaNa)2 HZCHQOSOIF was added at two concentrations to separate portions of a high-speed silver bromoiodide photographic emulsion which had been panchromatically sensitized with a cyanine dye. Each emulsion sample was coated on a cellulose acetate film support at a coverage of 459 mg. of silver and 1040 mg. of gelatin per square foot. A sample using the emulsion without the hardener addition was also made. A sample of each film coating was exposed on an Eastman 1B sensitometer, processed for five minutes in Kodak DK-SO developer, fixed, washed, and dried with the following results.
- Example II Two portions of a high speed silver halide photographic emulsion in which the vehicle for the silver halide was a mixture of gelatin 25% and the sodium salt of ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (75%) were taken. To one portion was added 5 parts of disodium salt of tris- (beta-sulfatoethyl)sulfonium inner salt per parts of vehicle. Each emulsion was coated out on clear cellulose acetate film support at the rate of 750 mg. of emulsion per square foot of support. The vertical swell of these samples with and without hardener in accordance with the invention in DK-50 developer and in water was determined, with the following results:
- a gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion containing as a hardener therein the disodium salt of tris(betasulfatoethyl)sulfonium inner salt.
- a gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion containing as a hardener therein a di-salt of tris(betasulfatoethyDsulfonium inner salt, and wherein said di-salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
United States Patent Office 3,392,023 Patented July 9, 1968 GELATlN-SILVER HALIDE EMULSION CONTAIN- ING A SALT F TRlS(BETA-SULFATOETHYL)- SULFONIUM INNER SALT Donald M. Burness, Rochester, N.Y., assignor to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Filed Mar. 2, 1964, Ser. No. 348,815
4 Claims. (Cl. 96111) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Certain sulfonium salts containing two or more sulfate ester linkages in positions beta to the sulfonium salt groups are particularly advantageous as hardeners for use in gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsions, including photographic emulsions in which gelatin is only a part of the vehicle for the silver halide. Other polymeric materials such as polyvinyl alcohol and ethyl acrylateacrylic acid copolymer, for example, can be present in addition to gelatin. The disodium salt of tris(betasulfatoethyl) sulfonium inner salt is illustrative of the hardening agents employed.
This invention relates to gelatin compositions containing therein as a hardener a sulfonium salt containing two or more sulfate ester linkages in positions beta to the sulfonium salt groups.
Various compounds have been suggested as hardeners for gelatin particularly in photographic applications. Often the suggested compounds adversely affect the photographic materials either when freshly added or after the products have been stored for a time. Often other disadvantages appear.
One object of my invention is to provide addenda for photographic emulsions which serve not only as hardeners but also may act as antifoggants to improve the properties thereof. Another object of my invention is to provide compositions of matter composed of beta-sulfatoethylsulfonium salts. A further object of my invention is to provide hardeners for photographic emulsions which do not significantly decrease the sensitometric properties thereof either when freshly added or after storage. Other objects of my invention will appear herein.
1 have found that certain sulfonium salts containing two or more sulfate ester linkages in positions beta to the sulfonium salt groups are useful for the hardening of gelatin particularly when employed for photographic purposes. These hardeners are particularly advantageous for use in gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsions which include photographic emulsions in which gelatin may be only a part of the vehicle for the silver halide. The vehicle for the silver halide emulsion may be made up entirely of gelatin or may contain in addition to the gelatin some other polymeric material such as polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, butyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer, or some other suitable vinyl or acrylic polymeric material. The hardener is effective in hardening polymers generally having hydrophilic groups, e.g. OH, carboxyl, etc. Thus it is useful in compositions in which the binder or colloid is entirely a synthetic polymer having a hydrophilic radical therein.
I have found that the compounds represented by the following structural formula are useful as gelatin hardeners in accordance with my invention:
in which n is 0 or 1; R is an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or CH CH OSO M; Q is an alkylene chain of l to 10 carbon atoms which may contain unsaturation or phenylene, cycloalkylene or a hetero atom as part of the chain; M is a suitable cation such as ammonium, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and X represents any suitable anion as for example Cl", RS0 or the like.
Also included are zwitterion compounds derived from the above by removal of one or more equivalents of such as the disodium salt of tris(beta-sulfatoethyl) sulfonium inner salt.
The hardeners in accordance with my invention are effective when present in a gelatin composition in any concentration, however, usually amounts of 0.55 based on the weight of the gelatin will be found to be conveniently useful.
The following examples illustrate my invention:
Example I The disodium salt of tris(beta-sulfatoethyl)sulfonium inner salt having the structural formula S( 2CHa SOaNa)2 HZCHQOSOIF was added at two concentrations to separate portions of a high-speed silver bromoiodide photographic emulsion which had been panchromatically sensitized with a cyanine dye. Each emulsion sample was coated on a cellulose acetate film support at a coverage of 459 mg. of silver and 1040 mg. of gelatin per square foot. A sample using the emulsion without the hardener addition was also made. A sample of each film coating was exposed on an Eastman 1B sensitometer, processed for five minutes in Kodak DK-SO developer, fixed, washed, and dried with the following results.
Hardener, Fresh 120, 1 Wk. Inc. Percent g./100 g. Swell of Gelatin Rel. Fog Rel. 7 Fog in H1O Speed Speed 100 1. 25 13 60 97 38 750 100 1. 32 13 48 26 490 l. 32 ll 52 75 15 320 The percent swell in water of the emulsion layers was determined by immersing strips of coatings thereof on film base in distilled water at 68 F. for a time and from measurements taken before and after this immersion etermining the percentage increase in thickness of the emulsion layer.
Example II Two portions of a high speed silver halide photographic emulsion in which the vehicle for the silver halide was a mixture of gelatin 25% and the sodium salt of ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (75%) were taken. To one portion was added 5 parts of disodium salt of tris- (beta-sulfatoethyl)sulfonium inner salt per parts of vehicle. Each emulsion was coated out on clear cellulose acetate film support at the rate of 750 mg. of emulsion per square foot of support. The vertical swell of these samples with and without hardener in accordance with the invention in DK-50 developer and in water was determined, with the following results:
Hardener, gJlOO Percent Vertical Swell at 25 G.
g. of vehicle DK50 H20 None ca. 1, 200 Washed ofi 450 I claim:
1. A gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion containing as a hardener therein the disodium salt of tris(betasulfatoethyl)sulfonium inner salt.
2. A gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion containing as a hardener therein a di-salt of tris(betasulfatoethyDsulfonium inner salt, and wherein said di-salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal.
3. A silver halide photographic emulsion in which the vehicle for the silver halide is a mixture of gelatin and ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer containing as a hardener therein a di-salt of tris(beta-sulfatoethyl) sulfonium inner salt, and wherein said di-salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1965 Houck 961 14 X 5/1966 Mackenzie et al. 260117 NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner.
J. RAUBITSCHEK, R E. MARTIN,
Assistant Examiners.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348815A US3392023A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1964-03-02 | Gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing a salt of tris (beta-sulfatoethyl)-sulfonium inner salt |
| GB45957/66A GB1205745A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1966-10-14 | Hardening photographic silver halide emulsions |
| DE19661547756 DE1547756A1 (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1966-11-29 | Use of sulfonium salts as hardening agents to harden the binder of photographic materials |
| FR85878A FR1504887A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1966-12-02 | New tanned gelatin-based compositions that can be used in photography |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348815A US3392023A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1964-03-02 | Gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing a salt of tris (beta-sulfatoethyl)-sulfonium inner salt |
| GB45957/66A GB1205745A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1966-10-14 | Hardening photographic silver halide emulsions |
| DEE0032952 | 1966-11-29 | ||
| FR85878A FR1504887A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1966-12-02 | New tanned gelatin-based compositions that can be used in photography |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3392023A true US3392023A (en) | 1968-07-09 |
Family
ID=27436827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348815A Expired - Lifetime US3392023A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1964-03-02 | Gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing a salt of tris (beta-sulfatoethyl)-sulfonium inner salt |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3392023A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1547756A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1504887A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1205745A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3475175A (en) * | 1966-08-19 | 1969-10-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Polysulfated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols as antifoggants |
| US4338394A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-07-06 | Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft | Process for hardening photographic gelatin |
| US4668616A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1987-05-26 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Process for hardening gelatin |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3220844A (en) * | 1961-09-19 | 1965-11-30 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic products |
| US3251642A (en) * | 1960-02-23 | 1966-05-17 | Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd | Halo-, sulfato-, and phosphato-alkyl sulfonium salts reactions with hydroxylated and aminated textiles and other polymers and the product of such reactions |
-
1964
- 1964-03-02 US US348815A patent/US3392023A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1966
- 1966-10-14 GB GB45957/66A patent/GB1205745A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-11-29 DE DE19661547756 patent/DE1547756A1/en active Pending
- 1966-12-02 FR FR85878A patent/FR1504887A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3251642A (en) * | 1960-02-23 | 1966-05-17 | Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd | Halo-, sulfato-, and phosphato-alkyl sulfonium salts reactions with hydroxylated and aminated textiles and other polymers and the product of such reactions |
| US3220844A (en) * | 1961-09-19 | 1965-11-30 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic products |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3475175A (en) * | 1966-08-19 | 1969-10-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Polysulfated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols as antifoggants |
| US4338394A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-07-06 | Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft | Process for hardening photographic gelatin |
| US4668616A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1987-05-26 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Process for hardening gelatin |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1205745A (en) | 1970-09-16 |
| FR1504887A (en) | 1967-12-08 |
| DE1547756A1 (en) | 1969-11-20 |
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