Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides

Definitions

• This invention relates to a novel diesel engine fuel composition containing performance-improving amounts of a metal naphthenate and dimethyl formamide (DMF).
• Metal naphthenates found to be effective for the purpose hereinafter described include barium, calcium, strontium, zinc and magnesium.
• a metal naphthenate as a diesel fuel additive, improves performance in terms of nozzle cleanliness and thus lowers exhaust smoke and increases power.
• Dimethyl formamide shortens the ignition delay period, which is a measure of cetane number, and thereby improves the cetane rating-of the fuel. It has now been discovered that cetane-improving property of dimethyl formamide is further enhanced by the metal naphthenate in the fuel additive composition.
• Naphthenate soaps require some excess acid for fuel solubility, however, excess acid tends to etch injector nozzles.
• dimethyl formamide increases the solubility of the naphthenate soap in diesel fuel without the need of excess acid, thereby protecting injector nozzles against acid etching.
• An additional advantage of the diesel fuel oil additive composition resides in its ability to greatly reduce filter clogging caused by ice agglomeration.
• dimethyl formamide has the disadvantage of promoting varnish formation and coking of the injector nozzles.
• the metal naphthenates function as detergents and thus are capable of maintaining the nozzles clean.
• the naphthenic acids used in preparing the naphthenate soaps are conveniently of petroleum origin. Naphthenic acids from other sources may also be used at the disadvantage of higher cost.
• the useful petroleum-derived acids are principally those removed from the lubricating oil and gas oil fractions of petroleum which boil within the range from about 500 F. to about 1000 F. at atmospheric pressures. These acids normally contain from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms per molecule and distill in the range of from about 250 F. to about 600 F. at 2 mm. of mercury absolute pressure.
• Such acids can range in saponification value from about 50 to about ice 300 mgs. of KOH per gram on an unsaponifiables-free basis. It is desirable that the soaps derived from mixtures of such acids have an average saponification value below 225 mgs. of KOH per gram.
• a metal naphthenate concentration level of 100 to 200 ppm. based on the metal is preferred, the higher amount being required for complete cleanliness of a pintle-type nozzle, while the lesser amount is satisfactory in integral injectors. In general, amounts in excess of 500 p.p.m. cannot be economically justified.
• dimethyl formamide employed is dependent upon the concentration of the metal naphthenate. Equivalent amounts of DMF to metal as the naphthenate are desirable, however, from about 25 to 250 p.p.m. of dimethyl formamide may be employed.
• the diesel fuel additives were tested in a single cylinder and in a multicylinder diesel engine. In the single cylinder engine, each test was run with an initially clean nozzle, and hourly readings were taken of engine performance.
• the engine conditions that were used were as follows:
• the data in Table II indicate the improvement obtained with the combination of barium naphthenate and dimethyl formamide over the base fuel.
• the data show that with 100 p.p.m. of barium as barium naphthenate by itself, the exhaust smoke is lower and power is increased, but there is a greater time lag in ignition as compared with the base fuel. With 100 p.p.m. of dimethyl formamide by itself, there is almost no change in exhaust smoke, ignition lag or power ratings. The greatest amount of improvement in all three ratings was obtained with the use of equivalent amounts of barium as barium naphthenate and dimethyl formamide.
• the base fuel used as the blank was the same one employed in the single cylinder tests.
• the engine was run for 400 hours on the base fuel without the additives, and then for 400 hours on the same base fuel to which had been added p.p.m. of barium as barium naphthenate and 91 p.p.m. of DMF.
• the injectors of this engine have eight ports through which the fuel is sprayed. At the end of the run on the base fuel, at least one port was completely plugged with carbonaceous material and several other ports were partially closed, so that the spray pattern was distorted.
• the nozzle was as clean as when the test was started, and the spray pattern remained unmodified after 400 hours.
• a fuel additive composition consisting essentially of from about 25 p.p.m. to about 250 p.p.m. of dimethyl formamide and a material in an amount of up to 500 p.p.m. 0n the basis of the metal portion, said material selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium, strontium, zinc, and magnesium naphthenates, and mixtures thereof.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the concentrations of dimethyl formamide and the metal portion of said material are on equal weight basis.
• a diesel fuel oil containing a performance-improving additive consisting essentially of from about 25 p.p.m. to about 250 p.p.m. of dimethyl formamide and 11p to 500 p.p.m. on the basis of the metal portion of a material selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium, strontium, zinc, and magnesium naphthenates, and mixtures thereof.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24141994

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (4)

Citations (2)

• 1966
  • 1966-03-25 US US537281A patent/US3389978A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1967
  • 1967-02-14 GB GB6992/67A patent/GB1179276A/en not_active Expired
  • 1967-02-17 DE DE19671645887 patent/DE1645887A1/de active Pending
  • 1967-03-21 NL NL6704181A patent/NL6704181A/xx unknown
  • 1967-03-24 BE BE696109D patent/BE696109A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (2)

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