US338542A - Manufacture of hard carbon - Google Patents
Manufacture of hard carbon Download PDFInfo
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- US338542A US338542A US338542DA US338542A US 338542 A US338542 A US 338542A US 338542D A US338542D A US 338542DA US 338542 A US338542 A US 338542A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- manufacture
- gas
- hard carbon
- hard
- Prior art date
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Links
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- KLGZELKXQMTEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydride Chemical compound [H-] KLGZELKXQMTEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating Effects 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/524—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of hard carbon from the socalled natural gas.
- This substance is obtained in large quantities in certain parts of this country, and is chiefly utilized at present for consumption in furnaces in various industries. I have discovered that by treatment of this gas in the manner hereinafter explained a dense hard carbon or coke is obtained, which in chemical constitution, in physical structure and characteristics, in appearance of surface and fracture, and in fitness for certain industrial uses differs essentially from any and all other forms or varieties of carbon known to me, and is readily distinguishable therefrom.
- This product is eminently useful for metallurgical purposes, and, in fact, wherever hardness, purity,fine texture, and uniform density are desired. It has, moreover, properties that render it particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of carbon pencils or electrodes for electric lights. This substance has never been produced and never existed prior to my invention, so far as I am aware.
- hydrocarbon gas such as produced from the distillation of a mineral oil or other hydrocarbon liquid.
- Such deposit possesses the properties and appearance of graphite, being hard, brittle, lustrous both in surface and fracture, and when pulverized has no adhesive properties or tooth.
- the natural-gas hard carbon produced according to the herein-described process has a fine smooth surface, and is almost black in color. It is free from impurities, and presents a velvety fracture. In fiue,it differs radically from either of the carbons above mentioned, and is readily distinguishable therefrom by appearance alone.
- the specific gravity of the substance is ordinarily about 1.6, sometimes more and sometimes less, depending apparently on the temperature used.
- ⁇ Vhen pulverized this carbon exhibits adhesive properties, enabling it to be easily made into electrodes and the like. It is comparatively a good conductor of electricity, and therefore when used in electric lighting it introduces a relatively small resistance into the circuita very important economical consideration. It is more particularly adapted for the manufacture of pencils for are lights, owing to the property it possesses of slow combustion, burning only under intense heat and unaccompanied by flame. This property is doubtless due to the absence of occluded gases.
- the mode of treatment of this gas for the purposes of my invention consists, briefly, in taking natural gas and decomposing it by heat, and precipitating the nascent molecules of carbon into a solid agglomerate.
- Branch 1 designates the delivery-pipe of the gaswell, having the two branches a 11.
- Branch 1) leads to a burner, B, adapted under the pressure of the gas to draw in a proper supply of air for its combustion.
- Branch a connects with a pipe, 0, of refractory clay, set into the furnace D, into which is deliveredthe heat generated by burner B.
- the latter being ignited,soon raises the furnace and pipe 0 to a sufficient degree of heat, (say to a white heat,) and the gas which enters therein from branch 11 becomes heated to such a degree that its components,carbon and hydrogen,are disassociated.
- the carbon thus freed is in a nascent condition and consolidates into a solid agglomerate mass, which has the appearance and properties above set forth.
- the heat Before consolidating,the carbon,when freed,assumes its own separate molecular condition, the heat renders the molecules incandescent, and in this condition they consolidate into a hard amorphous mass, having none of the porosity of the coal coke, and being consequently denser and heavier.
- the decomposition is facilitated by heating the gas to a degree insufficient for decomposition previously to its entering the pipe c. This may be done by passing it through one or more pipes, f, located alongside the flue, where the heat is less-intense, as shown.
- the pipe 0 should be provided with a small, exit-pipe for the escape of the free hydrogen and undecomposed natural gas. Coke or hard carbon can thus be produced plentifully and very cheaply.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
J. J. MGTIG'HE.
MANUFACTURE OF HARD CARBON.
No. 338,542. Patented Mar. 23, 1886.
NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JAMES J. MCTIGHE, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
MANUFACTURE OF HARD CARBON.
EEPECIFIOATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 338,542, dated March 23, 1886.
Application liled August 24, 1883. Serial No. 104,628.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, JAMES J. MOTIGHE, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Hard Carbon; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, which forms a part of this specification, in which the figure is a sectional elevation of a furnace and attachments adapted to the practice of my invention.
This invention relates to the manufacture of hard carbon from the socalled natural gas. This substance is obtained in large quantities in certain parts of this country, and is chiefly utilized at present for consumption in furnaces in various industries. I have discovered that by treatment of this gas in the manner hereinafter explained a dense hard carbon or coke is obtained, which in chemical constitution, in physical structure and characteristics, in appearance of surface and fracture, and in fitness for certain industrial uses differs essentially from any and all other forms or varieties of carbon known to me, and is readily distinguishable therefrom. This product is eminently useful for metallurgical purposes, and, in fact, wherever hardness, purity,fine texture, and uniform density are desired. It has, moreover, properties that render it particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of carbon pencils or electrodes for electric lights. This substance has never been produced and never existed prior to my invention, so far as I am aware.
It is well known that deposits of hard carbon in retorts is an incident in the manufacture of illuminating-gas, and that this gas-retort carbon has been utilized commercially in various ways. Itis foundin the retorts in masses containing a large proportion of sulphur and ash. It is largely graphitic, presents ametallic luster at fracture, and is mottled in appearance. Generally it can be readily ignited and burns accompanied with flame. It has also been proposed heretofore to-line a white-hot retort with a deposit of carbon by the decom- (No model.)
position therein of hydrocarbon gas, such as produced from the distillation of a mineral oil or other hydrocarbon liquid. Such deposit possesses the properties and appearance of graphite, being hard, brittle, lustrous both in surface and fracture, and when pulverized has no adhesive properties or tooth.
The natural-gas hard carbon produced according to the herein-described process has a fine smooth surface, and is almost black in color. It is free from impurities, and presents a velvety fracture. In fiue,it differs radically from either of the carbons above mentioned, and is readily distinguishable therefrom by appearance alone. The specific gravity of the substance is ordinarily about 1.6, sometimes more and sometimes less, depending apparently on the temperature used. \Vhen pulverized, this carbon exhibits adhesive properties, enabling it to be easily made into electrodes and the like. It is comparatively a good conductor of electricity, and therefore when used in electric lighting it introduces a relatively small resistance into the circuita very important economical consideration. It is more particularly adapted for the manufacture of pencils for are lights, owing to the property it possesses of slow combustion, burning only under intense heat and unaccompanied by flame. This property is doubtless due to the absence of occluded gases.
\Vith reference to the natural gas from which this substance is produced, it may be stated that analysis shows the following to be its average chemical composition: carbonic acid, six-tenthsper cent.; carbonic oxide, six-tenths per cent; oxygen, eight-tenthsper cent.; olefiant gas, one per cent; ethylic hydride, five per cent; marsh gas, sixty-seven per cent; hydrogen, twenty-two per cent.; nitrogen, three per cent; total, one hundred per cent.
From examination of standard chemical works it will be seen that this is an essentially different gas from that produced from coal, oil, or any of the liquid hydrocarbons.
The mode of treatment of this gas for the purposes of my invention consists, briefly, in taking natural gas and decomposing it by heat, and precipitating the nascent molecules of carbon into a solid agglomerate.
In the drawing I illustrate a simple apparatus for the production of the solid agglomerated carbon, as above.
A designates the delivery-pipe of the gaswell, having the two branches a 11. Branch 1) leads to a burner, B, adapted under the pressure of the gas to draw in a proper supply of air for its combustion. Branch a connects with a pipe, 0, of refractory clay, set into the furnace D, into which is deliveredthe heat generated by burner B. The latter being ignited,soon raises the furnace and pipe 0 to a sufficient degree of heat, (say to a white heat,) and the gas which enters therein from branch 11 becomes heated to such a degree that its components,carbon and hydrogen,are disassociated. The carbon thus freed is in a nascent condition and consolidates into a solid agglomerate mass, which has the appearance and properties above set forth. Before consolidating,the carbon,when freed,assumes its own separate molecular condition, the heat renders the molecules incandescent, and in this condition they consolidate into a hard amorphous mass, having none of the porosity of the coal coke, and being consequently denser and heavier. The decomposition is facilitated by heating the gas to a degree insufficient for decomposition previously to its entering the pipe c. This may be done by passing it through one or more pipes, f, located alongside the flue, where the heat is less-intense, as shown. The pipe 0 should be provided with a small, exit-pipe for the escape of the free hydrogen and undecomposed natural gas. Coke or hard carbon can thus be produced plentifully and very cheaply.
No claim is made herein to the apparatus shown and described, as this forms the subject-matter of another application. I have also made a separate application for a carbon pencil or electrode for electric lighting,made of the natural-gas hard carbon herein described.
Having thus fully described my said invention and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is.
1 In the art of manufacturing coke or hard carbon, the improvement consisting in decomposing in a closed vessel by external heat the natural gas having substantially the chemical composition described, and maintaining said heat until the carbon is deposited, as set forth.
2; As a new manufacture, the within-described hard dense carbon,distinguished by a nearly black color, velvety surface and fracture, and comparatively high electric conductivity,andpossessing the other properties and characteristics set forth.
In testimony thatI claimthe foregoing as my own I have hereto afiixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.
' JAMES J. McTIGHE.
\Vitnesses:
T. J. PATTERSON, D. E. DAVIS.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US338542A true US338542A (en) | 1886-03-23 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US338542D Expired - Lifetime US338542A (en) | Manufacture of hard carbon |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2582016A (en) * | 1946-02-14 | 1952-01-08 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for the production of acetylene |
US3096083A (en) * | 1959-08-24 | 1963-07-02 | Raytheon Co | Anisotropic heat-controlling body and method for manufacture thereof |
US3284862A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1966-11-15 | Gen Electric | Pyrolitic graphite coated casting mold and method of making same |
-
0
- US US338542D patent/US338542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2582016A (en) * | 1946-02-14 | 1952-01-08 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for the production of acetylene |
US3096083A (en) * | 1959-08-24 | 1963-07-02 | Raytheon Co | Anisotropic heat-controlling body and method for manufacture thereof |
US3284862A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1966-11-15 | Gen Electric | Pyrolitic graphite coated casting mold and method of making same |
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