US3385294A - Apparatus for controlling and for intermittently driving of respirators and other medical apparatus - Google Patents

Apparatus for controlling and for intermittently driving of respirators and other medical apparatus Download PDF

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US3385294A
US3385294A US37698364A US3385294A US 3385294 A US3385294 A US 3385294A US 37698364 A US37698364 A US 37698364A US 3385294 A US3385294 A US 3385294A
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pumps
circuit breakers
toothed gears
cam
axle
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Michel Sabathie
Guy Foures
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Lab Robert & Carriere SA Des
Laboratories Robert & Carriere SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H43/00—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed
    • H01H43/10—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to a part rotating at substantially constant speed
    • H01H43/12—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to a part rotating at substantially constant speed stopping automatically after a single cycle of operation
    • H01H43/125—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to a part rotating at substantially constant speed stopping automatically after a single cycle of operation using a cam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling and for intermittently driving respirators and other medical apparatus.
  • a couple of pumps adapted to control the inhaling and exhaling, respectively, are intermittently driven from a continuously rotating shaft via respective magnetic or hydraulic clutches which are switched on and then off from the time splitting device provided in accordance with the invention.
  • Each one of the above periods may be given substantially the full value of the cycle, or two or more of said periods may be associated to form the cycle.
  • the apparatus is set for triggering there is provided automatic triggering of the apparatus according to a controllable time-table if the patient does not trigger himself by inhaling or by starting to inhale.
  • FIGURE '1 is a schematic view of the control mechanism of the apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation of the apparatus, partly in section, indicating the possibility of variation of the time periods in each cycle;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view along the lines 33 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a calculating means operated by a photo-electric cell.
  • FIG. 5 is an elevation, partly in section, of the lamp.
  • a sector disc S has an input which feeds an auto-transformer T, which in turn is fed by current of 6, 12 or 24 volts, selectively, which feeds a battery U having any chosen voltage such, that it is continuously charged at its maximum by feeding current continuously. All members of the apparatus take their current from this battery.
  • a motor 1 is in continuous operation. It drives a reduction gear 2 turning an axle 2a at variable speed by manual control on an operating board, in order to provide according to the chosen speed larger or smaller volumes by pumps 3 and 4, which are operated by engagfad ing, with the turning axle 2a, clutches 5 and 6 and the connecting rods 7 and 8.
  • Electro valves 9 and 10 are disposed on the mentioned pumps 3 and 4.
  • the arrangement A permits the cutting of a minute in a certain number of cycles and within each cycle, the variation of the duration assigned for each time period, inhaling, pause, exhaling and pause.
  • the arrangement comprises four divisions, each for a time period constituting a cycle.
  • the center axle B is connected with a speed variator C receiving its movement from a reduction gear D, which permits the rotation of the axle B at 8 to 60 revolutions per minute, which is a rotary speed, which varies the number of cycles within a minute.
  • a motor W completely independent of the main motor 1 enables the rotation of the central shaft axle B of the time splitting device.
  • the axle B carries a unique cam E, disposed on the same axle and which cooperates with the four previously mentioned divisions.
  • Each division carries a toothed gear F centered relative the axle B, on which is secured a micro-circuit breaker G, connected to a carbon H frictionally engaging a collector ring I, which in turn is connected with a time relay J (FIG. 1).
  • buttons K are secured on their respective axles L supporting pinions which mesh with the gears F.
  • the first division gear F is fixed, (and has no corresponding pinion). Also fixed is the micro-circuit breaker G, associated with the first division. In this division gear F can be eliminated, since the micro-contact G is fixed.
  • the circuit breakers G of the respective divisions are angularly spaced apart from one another.
  • a pulse is generated to each corresponding relay feeding the clutches 5 and 6 and the electro valves 9 and 10, which in turn could feed the control of other mechanical, hydraulical or other power drives.
  • the relays cause the clutch for each pump to couple and disengage each pump with the turning axle 2a of the reduction gear, respectively.
  • the micro-circuit breakers G are placed apart from each other at dividing the cycle in four equal time periods.
  • the relays operate such, that the contact of the cam E on the circuit breaker cuts the previous one, until a new contact of the cam E with another circuit breaker cuts the latter and so on, until a new cycle is reached.
  • the number of circuit breakings in variable time periods could be increased or decreased, if desired, and depends upon the variation of the number of divisions.
  • the relays are connected with pictorial representations of the lungs at the various periods in the cycle, in order that each representation is lighted in its turn to visualize the condition of the lungs at the corresponding stage, while the connection rod 8 has a pointer which moves in front of a scale to show the volume of air which is caused to be inhaled.
  • a valve M is branched off in the feeding channel 12 leading from the inspiration pump 3 (via electrovalve 9). It carries a light directional valve N, which supports a diaphragm O darkening the light rays of a projector P, which in the inoperative state does not impinge on a photo-electric cell Q, properly disposed and rendered inoperative by the diaphragm O.
  • the diaphragm O by lifting permits the penetration of the light rays which impinge upon the photoelectric cell Q, and the our rent which is produced switches on the start of a respiratory cycle and which is then stopped.
  • the latter has been precontrolled as to its characteristics.
  • a new cycle is created in two ways:
  • the diaphragm O lifts up again and the photoelectric cell operates to produce a new cycle.
  • a new cycle is created by a retarding device controllable between 1 and 10 seconds (electronic counter).
  • electric indicators for each chosen volume may be provided giving the value of the minute ventilation as a function of the intended frequency.
  • the arrangement can comprise different embodiments by providing, by example a graduated disc, displaced by rotation, the rays indicating the frequency, by means of a fixed graduation, and, thereby, the value of the minute ventilation.
  • An apparatus for controlling and intermittently driving respirators comprising an electric motor,
  • a plurality of circuit breakers disposed respectively one on each of said toothed gears and peripherally and axially spaced apart from each other, operatively connected with said pumps for intermittent drive, and successively engaged by said cam, the separation 4 of said circuit breakers determining the division of the cycles of operation, a carbon coordinated to operatively connect with the corresponding of said circuit breakers, a collector ring provided for and engaged by the corresponding of said carbons, a pinion meshing with each of said corresponding toothed gears, time relays, said collector rings being connected with said time relays and generating pulses, during rotation of said cam, and hand-controlled pinion means for turning said pinions and thereby varying the relative position of said toothed gears and said circuit breakers thereon, in order to change the time period for a cycle.
  • the apparatus as set forth in claim 1, which includes means for controlling said apparatus by lighting pictorial representations of lung schemes at different time periods of said cycle.
  • the apparatus as set forth in claim 1, which includes a valve including a diaphragm covering and uncovering, respectively, light rays, and a photoelectric cell impinged by said light rays in the uncovering position of said diaphragm, in order to start operation of said apparatus.
  • 4. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a clutch for each pump operative to couple each pump with said reduction gear, and said time relays electrically connected in pairs with each of said clutches, so as, respectively, to engage and disengage each clutch from said reduction gear.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Description

y 1968 M. SABATHIE ET AL 3,385,294
APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AND FOR INTERMITTENTLY DRIVING OF RESPIRATORS AND OTHER MEDICAL APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1964 INVENTORS MICHEL SABATHIE euv FQURES ATTORNEY.
United States Patent 7 4 Claims. or. 128-1456) The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling and for intermittently driving respirators and other medical apparatus.
Itis one object of the present invention, to provide an apparatus for controlling and for intermittently driving respirators and other medical apparatus, which permits dividing a minute in a certain number of respiratory cycles in a respirator, giving artificial respiration, by permitting each cycle to be split into variable periods, corresponding to the different stages constituting the cycle, viz., insufllation, pause, exsufilation, pause.
A couple of pumps adapted to control the inhaling and exhaling, respectively, are intermittently driven from a continuously rotating shaft via respective magnetic or hydraulic clutches which are switched on and then off from the time splitting device provided in accordance with the invention.
Each one of the above periods may be given substantially the full value of the cycle, or two or more of said periods may be associated to form the cycle.
In case, the apparatus is set for triggering there is provided automatic triggering of the apparatus according to a controllable time-table if the patient does not trigger himself by inhaling or by starting to inhale.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for controlling and for intermittently driving respirators and other medical apparatus, which also permits the remote control of the apparatus by means of automatic lighting of pictorial representations of the lungs at different predetermined time periods and the indication of the volume ofinhaling on a graduated scale, thereby, permitting the precise control of the apparatus.
With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent in the following detailed description, the present invention will be clearly understood in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIGURE '1 is a schematic view of the control mechanism of the apparatus;
FIG. 2 is an elevation of the apparatus, partly in section, indicating the possibility of variation of the time periods in each cycle;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view along the lines 33 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a calculating means operated by a photo-electric cell; and
FIG. 5 is an elevation, partly in section, of the lamp.
Referring now to the drawings, the mechanical-electrical operative elements of the respirator are disclosed.
A sector disc S has an input which feeds an auto-transformer T, which in turn is fed by current of 6, 12 or 24 volts, selectively, which feeds a battery U having any chosen voltage such, that it is continuously charged at its maximum by feeding current continuously. All members of the apparatus take their current from this battery.
A motor 1 is in continuous operation. It drives a reduction gear 2 turning an axle 2a at variable speed by manual control on an operating board, in order to provide according to the chosen speed larger or smaller volumes by pumps 3 and 4, which are operated by engagfad ing, with the turning axle 2a, clutches 5 and 6 and the connecting rods 7 and 8.
Electro valves 9 and 10 are disposed on the mentioned pumps 3 and 4.
.The arrangement A permits the cutting of a minute in a certain number of cycles and within each cycle, the variation of the duration assigned for each time period, inhaling, pause, exhaling and pause.
The arrangement comprises four divisions, each for a time period constituting a cycle.
The center axle B is connected with a speed variator C receiving its movement from a reduction gear D, which permits the rotation of the axle B at 8 to 60 revolutions per minute, which is a rotary speed, which varies the number of cycles within a minute. A motor W completely independent of the main motor 1 enables the rotation of the central shaft axle B of the time splitting device.
Referring now again to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 2 and 3, the axle B carries a unique cam E, disposed on the same axle and which cooperates with the four previously mentioned divisions.
Each division carries a toothed gear F centered relative the axle B, on which is secured a micro-circuit breaker G, connected to a carbon H frictionally engaging a collector ring I, which in turn is connected with a time relay J (FIG. 1).
Three buttons K are secured on their respective axles L supporting pinions which mesh with the gears F.
The first division gear F is fixed, (and has no corresponding pinion). Also fixed is the micro-circuit breaker G, associated with the first division. In this division gear F can be eliminated, since the micro-contact G is fixed.
As seen in FIG. 3 the circuit breakers G of the respective divisions are angularly spaced apart from one another. As the axle B rotates the cam E and engages the micro-circuit breakers G in sequence during each revolution, a pulse is generated to each corresponding relay feeding the clutches 5 and 6 and the electro valves 9 and 10, which in turn could feed the control of other mechanical, hydraulical or other power drives. The relays cause the clutch for each pump to couple and disengage each pump with the turning axle 2a of the reduction gear, respectively.
The micro-circuit breakers G are placed apart from each other at dividing the cycle in four equal time periods. By modification of the relative position of the micro-circuit breakers G, by means of the buttons K, and the time periods of the same cycle are varied according to the desired conditions of the operator. This can provide in addition an inhaling period during a complete cycle or practically during a complete cycle, an exhaling and a pause, as well as the association of two, three or four time periods under infinitely variable conditions.
The relays operate such, that the contact of the cam E on the circuit breaker cuts the previous one, until a new contact of the cam E with another circuit breaker cuts the latter and so on, until a new cycle is reached.
The number of circuit breakings in variable time periods could be increased or decreased, if desired, and depends upon the variation of the number of divisions.
The relays are connected with pictorial representations of the lungs at the various periods in the cycle, in order that each representation is lighted in its turn to visualize the condition of the lungs at the corresponding stage, while the connection rod 8 has a pointer which moves in front of a scale to show the volume of air which is caused to be inhaled.
Referring now again to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, in case the apparatus is set for triggering, a valve M is branched off in the feeding channel 12 leading from the inspiration pump 3 (via electrovalve 9). It carries a light directional valve N, which supports a diaphragm O darkening the light rays of a projector P, which in the inoperative state does not impinge on a photo-electric cell Q, properly disposed and rendered inoperative by the diaphragm O.
From the moment the patient inhales, the diaphragm O by lifting permits the penetration of the light rays which impinge upon the photoelectric cell Q, and the our rent which is produced switches on the start of a respiratory cycle and which is then stopped. The latter has been precontrolled as to its characteristics.
A new cycle is created in two ways:
If the patient inhales, the diaphragm O lifts up again and the photoelectric cell operates to produce a new cycle.
If the patient has not inhaled, a new cycle is created by a retarding device controllable between 1 and 10 seconds (electronic counter).
Furthermore, in order to obtain an exact control without requiring of calculation of a linear or circular arrangement, electric indicators for each chosen volume (volume of inhaling) may be provided giving the value of the minute ventilation as a function of the intended frequency.
The arrangement can comprise different embodiments by providing, by example a graduated disc, displaced by rotation, the rays indicating the frequency, by means of a fixed graduation, and, thereby, the value of the minute ventilation.
In the enclosed drawing all modifications of shape, dimensions, locations of the difierent members are given by example and in a non-limiting sense, the scope of the present invention being determined by the objects and the claims.
We claim:
1. An apparatus for controlling and intermittently driving respirators comprising an electric motor,
a reduction gear operatively connected with said motor,
two pumps driven by said reduction gear, one of said pumps being adapted for inhalation and the other of said pumps being adapted for exhalation,
a rotating axle having a cam secured thereto for joint rotation therewith,
a second motor for driving said rotating axle,
a disc mounted on said axle and bearing graduations,
toothed gears supported for rotation coaxially with said rotating axle,
a plurality of circuit breakers disposed respectively one on each of said toothed gears and peripherally and axially spaced apart from each other, operatively connected with said pumps for intermittent drive, and successively engaged by said cam, the separation 4 of said circuit breakers determining the division of the cycles of operation, a carbon coordinated to operatively connect with the corresponding of said circuit breakers, a collector ring provided for and engaged by the corresponding of said carbons, a pinion meshing with each of said corresponding toothed gears, time relays, said collector rings being connected with said time relays and generating pulses, during rotation of said cam, and hand-controlled pinion means for turning said pinions and thereby varying the relative position of said toothed gears and said circuit breakers thereon, in order to change the time period for a cycle. 2. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, which includes means for controlling said apparatus by lighting pictorial representations of lung schemes at different time periods of said cycle. 3. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, which includes a valve including a diaphragm covering and uncovering, respectively, light rays, and a photoelectric cell impinged by said light rays in the uncovering position of said diaphragm, in order to start operation of said apparatus. 4. The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a clutch for each pump operative to couple each pump with said reduction gear, and said time relays electrically connected in pairs with each of said clutches, so as, respectively, to engage and disengage each clutch from said reduction gear.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,414,747 I/ 1947 Kirschbaum 128-442 2,475,132 7/1949 Ergen 128-142 3,006,336 10/1961 Burlis et al. l28-29 3,122,731 2/1964 Hutchison 128--1 FOREIGN PATENTS 988,242 4/ 1951 France.
OTHER REFERENCES Brit. J. Angesth (1958), 30, 32, pp. 32-36, 12829. IRE Transactions on Medical Electronics, December 1958, pp. -81, 128-30.
RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primaly Examiner.
C. F. ROSENBAUM, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AND INTERMITTENTLY DRIVING RESPIRATORS COMPRISING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR, A REDUCTION GEAR OPERATIVELY CONNECTED WITH SAID MOTOR, TWO PUMPS DRIVEN BY SAID REDUCTION GEAR, ONE OF SAID PUMPS BEING ADAPTED FOR INHALATION AND THE OTHER OF SAID PUMPS BEING ADAPTED FOR EXHALATION, A ROTATING AXLE HAVING A CAM SECURED THERETO FOR JOINT ROTATION THEREWITH, A SECOND MOTOR FOR DRIVING SAID ROTATING AXLE, A DISC MOUNTED ON SAID AXLE AND BEARING GRADUATIONS, TOOTHED GEARS SUPPORTED FOR ROTATION COAXIALLY WITH SAID ROTATING AXLE, A PLURALITY OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS DISPOSED RESPECTIVELY ONE ON EACH OF SAID TOOTHED GEARS AND PERIPHERALLY AND AXIALLY SPACED APART FROM EACH OTHER, OPERATIVELY CONNECTED WITH SAID PUMPS FOR INTERMITTENT DRIVE, AND SUCCESSIVELY ENGAGED BY SAID CAM, THE SEPARATION OF SAID CIRCUIT BREAKERS DETERMINING THE DIVISION OF THE CYCLES OF OPERATION, A CARBON COORDINATED TO OPERATIVELY CONNECT WITH THE CORRESPONDING OF SAID CIRCUIT BREAKERS, A COLLECTOR RING PROVIDED FOR AND ENGAGED BY THE CORRESPONDING OF SAID CARBONS, A PINION MESHING WITH EACH OF SAID CORRESPONDING TOOTHED GEARS, TIME RELAYS, SAID COLLECTOR RINGS BEING CONNECTED WITH SAID TIME RELAYS AND GENERATING PULSES, DURING ROTATION OF SAID CAM, AND HAND-CONTROLLED PINION MEANS FOR TURNING SAID PINIONS AND THEREBY VARYING THE RELATIVE POSITION OF SAID TOOTHED GEARS AND SAID CIRCUIT BREAKERS THEREON, IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE TIME PERIOD FOR A CYCLE.
US37698364 1963-09-11 1964-06-22 Apparatus for controlling and for intermittently driving of respirators and other medical apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3385294A (en)

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FR33007535A FR1390944A (en) 1963-09-11 1963-09-11 Intermittent adjustment and training device for ventilators or other medical devices

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US69590268 Expired - Lifetime US3439299A (en) 1963-09-11 1968-01-05 Cycle splitting device

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3552390A (en) * 1968-04-15 1971-01-05 John T Muller Cardiopulmonary resuscitating apparatus
US4262667A (en) * 1978-08-24 1981-04-21 Grant Graham C Ventilator for use in medical applications
US4665911A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-05-19 Electro-Fluidics Intermittent supplemental oxygen apparatus and method
US4944293A (en) * 1989-06-23 1990-07-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Timed oxygen breathing apparatus trainer
US5448678A (en) * 1991-04-26 1995-09-05 Booton; Harold Electrically heated nozzle for die casting

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2286861B1 (en) * 2004-01-07 2019-07-24 ResMed Pty Ltd Providing expiratory pressure relief in positive airway pressure therapy
CN104875107A (en) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-02 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 Cylinder grinding device

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US2414747A (en) * 1942-07-02 1947-01-21 Harry M Kirschbaum Method and apparatus for controlling the oxygen content of the blood of living animals
US2475132A (en) * 1943-08-12 1949-07-05 Minneapolis Heneywell Regulato Electronic motor control apparatus
FR988242A (en) * 1949-06-13 1951-08-24 Respirator device
US3006336A (en) * 1957-07-22 1961-10-31 Custom Engineering And Dev Co Servo-spirometer
US3122731A (en) * 1961-10-23 1964-02-25 Robert W Hutchison Hospital signal device

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US2786105A (en) * 1952-07-16 1957-03-19 Myron G Pawley Telemetering in-flight calibrator
US2823285A (en) * 1954-06-07 1958-02-11 Honeywell Regulator Co Control apparatus
US2792459A (en) * 1955-04-21 1957-05-14 Danly Mach Specialties Inc Readily removable shaft cam construction
US3028580A (en) * 1958-04-07 1962-04-03 United Music Corp Record player and selecting system therefor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2414747A (en) * 1942-07-02 1947-01-21 Harry M Kirschbaum Method and apparatus for controlling the oxygen content of the blood of living animals
US2475132A (en) * 1943-08-12 1949-07-05 Minneapolis Heneywell Regulato Electronic motor control apparatus
FR988242A (en) * 1949-06-13 1951-08-24 Respirator device
US3006336A (en) * 1957-07-22 1961-10-31 Custom Engineering And Dev Co Servo-spirometer
US3122731A (en) * 1961-10-23 1964-02-25 Robert W Hutchison Hospital signal device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3552390A (en) * 1968-04-15 1971-01-05 John T Muller Cardiopulmonary resuscitating apparatus
US4262667A (en) * 1978-08-24 1981-04-21 Grant Graham C Ventilator for use in medical applications
US4665911A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-05-19 Electro-Fluidics Intermittent supplemental oxygen apparatus and method
US4944293A (en) * 1989-06-23 1990-07-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Timed oxygen breathing apparatus trainer
US5448678A (en) * 1991-04-26 1995-09-05 Booton; Harold Electrically heated nozzle for die casting

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DE1491814A1 (en) 1969-05-14
US3439299A (en) 1969-04-15
FR1390944A (en) 1965-03-05

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