US3383311A - Graphite lubricant - Google Patents
Graphite lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3383311A US3383311A US586347A US58634766A US3383311A US 3383311 A US3383311 A US 3383311A US 586347 A US586347 A US 586347A US 58634766 A US58634766 A US 58634766A US 3383311 A US3383311 A US 3383311A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- grinding
- oleophilic
- mill
- graphites
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- a novel graphite is provided which is prepared by grinding natural or synthetic graphite in a low boiling point, low viscosity, low surface tension organic liquid.
- the graphite product in this way will hereinafter be called oleophilic graphite to distinguish it from the untreated starting material.
- oleophilic graphite will absorb n-dotriacontane in preference to n-butanol, in contrast to the untreated starting material.
- the synthetic material is, for example, produced from petroleum coke by heating to from 1000" to 3000 C. in a vacuum or inert gas. Typically it contains from 95 to 100% wt. carbon.
- the natural material may have a slightly lower carbon content than this and usually has a larger crystal size.
- Satisfactory products can be obtained by grinding in most organic liquids but it is desirable to use one the bulk of which can be easily removed from the oleophilic graphite. Those liquids distilling below 500 C. and having a viscosity below 600 centistokes at 100 F. (38 C.) are therefore preferred. Liquids having 'a surface tension below 72 dynes/cm., preferably from to 40 dynes/cm., at C. are preferred.
- Suitable organic liquids are lower molecular weight hydrocarbons, including straight-chain or branched-chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, cycloalkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic compounds. Examples of such compounds are n-heptane, octene 2, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, cyclohexane, benzene or toluene. Branched alkyl compounds are particularly preferred.
- Other suitable oganic liquids are those compounds which contain fluorine, chlorine, or phosphorus and chlorine, for example, carbon tetrachloride.
- ther suitable organic liquids are the polar oxygen compounds such as isopropyl alcohol. Silicone fluids can also be used.
- One of the quickest and most eflective techniques is to carry out the grinding in a vibratory ball mill.
- Vibratory ball mills usually contain steel balls and these are suitable for the present purpose. It is preferred to use a hard grade of steel for the balls.
- a magnetic filter can be used to remove small steel particles from the slurry.
- a circulatory system can also be used wherein the slurry is pumped through an external magnetic filter and then returned to the mill.
- a suitable vibratory ball mill is sold under the trade name iMegapact, manufactured by Pilamec Limited.
- the grinding effect is produced by the impact of the balls upon the graphite and upon each other.
- the slurry of oleophilic graphite can be separated from the balls by sieving or by displacement by another liquid and sieving.
- a relatively high boiling organic liquid is used for grinding it is preferred to displace this liquid by a low boiling liquid. This liquid can then be removed by boiling from the slurry. It is preferred to use vigorous boiling.
- Example 1 BET Surface Area, in /g.
- the amount of graphite in the graphite/ organic liquid mixture should not exceed wt.; pref erably it should be from 2 to 20% wt.
- the grinding may be carried out in any suitable grinding mill or device and it is desirable to continue the vibration TABLE 2 Heat of adsorption from Adsorbent n-Heptano millicalories n-Dotriacontane n-Butyl alcohol Example II It was found that the particle shape of oleophilic graphites was considerably different to the particle shape of air-ground graphites. Oleophilic graphites comprised thin, plate-like particles with major dimensions from 0.1 to 5 microns by from 0.1 to 5 microns and from 50 to 200 Angstroms thick. On the other hand air-ground graphites comprised chunky particles with dimensions ranging from 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.1 microns to 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 microns.
- Example III It was found that the properties of graphites ground in various media could be classified by determining the hardness of greases made using the graphites. The properties of the greases are shown in Table 3 below.
- the oleophilic graphites according to the invention are suitable for use as thickeners for high molecular weight organic liquids, unlike graphite ground in air.
- This use of the oleophilic graphites forms the subject of our copending US. patent application Ser. No. 400,243 filed Sept. 29, 1964.
- Another useful property of the oleophilic graphites is that they can be used as adsorbents for waxy components of petroleum distillates and their dewaxing activity is rather more selective towards waxes than is the case with other graphites.
- This use of the oleophilic graphites forms the subject of now abandoned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 487,911 filed Sept. 16, 1965.
- the base oil, BG 150/75 was an unblended mineral lubricating oil with a viscosity index of and a Redwood I viscosity at F. (60 C.) of seconds.
- the mill used for the grinding was a vibratory ball mill called by the manufacturer a Megapact mill.
- the grinding chambers were steel cylinders of 1%. inch internal diameter by 15 inches long and were nearly filled with a inch diameter steel balls.
- the mill was fitted with a one eighth horsepower electric motor and the oscillation could be adjusted from 1 to 5 mm.
- each cylinder was filled completely with References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10/1962 Frost 252-25 8/1967 Groszek 252-25 DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB40702/65A GB1168785A (en) | 1965-09-24 | 1965-09-24 | Graphite |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3383311A true US3383311A (en) | 1968-05-14 |
Family
ID=10416202
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US586347A Expired - Lifetime US3383311A (en) | 1965-09-24 | 1966-09-21 | Graphite lubricant |
Country Status (7)
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3515668A (en) * | 1967-08-24 | 1970-06-02 | British Petroleum Co | Oleophilic graphite and heavy metal sulphides |
US3518191A (en) * | 1967-02-22 | 1970-06-30 | British Petroleum Co | Modified oleophilic graphite and heavy metal sulphides |
US3532625A (en) * | 1968-02-20 | 1970-10-06 | British Petroleum Co | Oleophilic graphite |
US5320761A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1994-06-14 | Pennzoil Products Company | Lubricant fluid composition and methods for reducing frictional losses therewith in internal combustion engines |
US8772553B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-07-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation reaction conditions for producing ethanol |
US8802904B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-08-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US8853122B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-10-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a cobalt catalyst |
US8993815B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2015-03-31 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for vapor phase hydrogenation |
US9024087B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2015-05-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for making ethanol from acetic acid using acidic catalysts |
US9040443B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2015-05-26 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US9051238B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2015-06-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for recovering ethanol |
US9486781B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2016-11-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol manufacturing process over catalyst having improved radial crush strength |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2282940A1 (fr) * | 1974-09-02 | 1976-03-26 | British Petroleum Co | Catalyseur d'un metal du groupe du platine et son support |
DE19857190B4 (de) * | 1998-12-11 | 2005-03-03 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Material zur Reduzierung oder Beseitigung von unerwünschten Beimengungen in Gasen, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Anwendung |
US8338650B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2012-12-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Palladium catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US7816565B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2010-10-19 | Celanese International Corporation | Direct and selective production of acetaldehyde from acetic acid utilizing a supported metal catalyst |
US8680317B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethyl acetate from acetic acid |
US7863489B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2011-01-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Direct and selective production of ethanol from acetic acid utilizing a platinum/tin catalyst |
US7820852B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2010-10-26 | Celanese International Corporation | Direct and selective production of ethyl acetate from acetic acid utilizing a bimetal supported catalyst |
US8304586B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-11-06 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for purifying ethanol |
US8637714B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-01-28 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing ethanol over catalysts containing platinum and palladium |
US8178715B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2012-05-15 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for the production of vinyl acetate from acetic acid via acetaldehyde |
US7820853B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2010-10-26 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for the production of vinyl acetate from acetic acid via ethyl acetate |
US8450535B2 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2013-05-28 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a cobalt catalyst |
US8710277B2 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2014-04-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for making diethyl ether from acetic acid |
US8680321B2 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethanol from acetic acid using bimetallic catalysts |
US8211821B2 (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2012-07-03 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making tin-containing catalysts |
US8222466B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-07-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing a water stream from ethanol production |
US8314272B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-11-20 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for recovering ethanol with vapor separation |
US8541633B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-09-24 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing anhydrous ethanol compositions |
US8460405B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-06-11 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol compositions |
US8344186B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-01-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing ethanol from acetaldehyde |
US8747492B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-06-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol/fuel blends for use as motor fuels |
US8680343B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for purifying ethanol |
US8728179B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-05-20 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol compositions |
WO2011097246A1 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-11 | Celanese International Corporation | Preparation and use of a catalyst for producing ethanol comprising a crystalline support modifier |
US8668750B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-03-11 | Celanese International Corporation | Denatured fuel ethanol compositions for blending with gasoline or diesel fuel for use as motor fuels |
US8858659B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-10-14 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing denatured ethanol |
US8932372B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2015-01-13 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for producing alcohols from a mixed acid feed |
US8754267B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2014-06-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for separating acetaldehyde from ethanol-containing mixtures |
US8569551B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2013-10-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Alcohol production process integrating acetic acid feed stream comprising water from carbonylation process |
US8680342B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for recovering alcohol produced by hydrogenating an acetic acid feed stream comprising water |
US8350098B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2013-01-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a molybdenum carbide catalyst |
US8658843B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2014-02-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts prepared from polyoxometalate precursors and process for using same to produce ethanol while minimizing diethyl ether formation |
US8536382B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-09-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for hydrogenating alkanoic acids using catalyst comprising tungsten |
US8703868B2 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2014-04-22 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for producing polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer thereof and ethanol |
US9233899B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2016-01-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts having an amorphous support |
US9000234B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-04-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Calcination of modified support to prepare hydrogenation catalysts |
US8575406B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-11-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts having promoter metals and process for producing ethanol |
US9333496B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-05-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt/tin catalyst for producing ethanol |
US8455702B1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-06-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt and tin catalysts for producing ethanol |
US9079172B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2015-07-14 | Celanese International Corporation | Promoters for cobalt-tin catalysts for reducing alkanoic acids |
US8907142B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2014-12-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for promoting catalyst activity for ethyl acetate conversion |
US8802588B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2014-08-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Bismuth catalyst composition and process for manufacturing ethanol mixture |
US9050585B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2015-06-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Chemisorption of ethyl acetate during hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol |
US9126194B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2015-09-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalyst having support containing tin and process for manufacturing ethanol |
US9073042B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2015-07-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Acetic acid hydrogenation over a group VIII metal calcined catalyst having a secondary promoter |
US8536383B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Rhodium/tin catalysts and processes for producing ethanol |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3059769A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1962-10-23 | Cefilac | Extrusion lubrication |
US3338822A (en) * | 1964-09-25 | 1967-08-29 | British Petroleum Co | Preferential adsorption of normal paraffins on molybdenum disulphide, tungsten disulphide and boron nitride |
-
1965
- 1965-09-24 GB GB40702/65A patent/GB1168785A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-09-21 US US586347A patent/US3383311A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-09-22 FR FR77341A patent/FR1503646A/fr not_active Expired
- 1966-09-23 NL NL6613468.A patent/NL158536B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-09-23 BE BE687311D patent/BE687311A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-09-24 DE DE1966B0089077 patent/DE1542633B2/de active Granted
- 1966-09-26 SE SE12913/66A patent/SE322200B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3059769A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1962-10-23 | Cefilac | Extrusion lubrication |
US3338822A (en) * | 1964-09-25 | 1967-08-29 | British Petroleum Co | Preferential adsorption of normal paraffins on molybdenum disulphide, tungsten disulphide and boron nitride |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3518191A (en) * | 1967-02-22 | 1970-06-30 | British Petroleum Co | Modified oleophilic graphite and heavy metal sulphides |
US3515668A (en) * | 1967-08-24 | 1970-06-02 | British Petroleum Co | Oleophilic graphite and heavy metal sulphides |
US3532625A (en) * | 1968-02-20 | 1970-10-06 | British Petroleum Co | Oleophilic graphite |
US5320761A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1994-06-14 | Pennzoil Products Company | Lubricant fluid composition and methods for reducing frictional losses therewith in internal combustion engines |
US8802904B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-08-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US8853122B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-10-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a cobalt catalyst |
US8993815B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2015-03-31 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for vapor phase hydrogenation |
US9024087B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2015-05-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for making ethanol from acetic acid using acidic catalysts |
US9040443B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2015-05-26 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US9051238B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2015-06-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for recovering ethanol |
US9486781B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2016-11-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol manufacturing process over catalyst having improved radial crush strength |
US8772553B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-07-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation reaction conditions for producing ethanol |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1542633A1 (de) | 1970-04-16 |
BE687311A (US07655688-20100202-C00109.png) | 1967-03-23 |
GB1168785A (en) | 1969-10-29 |
DE1542633B2 (de) | 1977-06-16 |
FR1503646A (fr) | 1967-12-01 |
NL158536B (nl) | 1978-11-15 |
NL6613468A (US07655688-20100202-C00109.png) | 1967-03-28 |
SE322200B (US07655688-20100202-C00109.png) | 1970-04-06 |
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