US3379916A - High-pressure vapour lamp containing indium, thallium and gallium halides - Google Patents
High-pressure vapour lamp containing indium, thallium and gallium halides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3379916A US3379916A US494547A US49454765A US3379916A US 3379916 A US3379916 A US 3379916A US 494547 A US494547 A US 494547A US 49454765 A US49454765 A US 49454765A US 3379916 A US3379916 A US 3379916A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- thallium
- lamp
- tube
- halides
- indium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- -1 gallium halides Chemical class 0.000 title description 17
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- DWRNSCDYNYYYHT-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) iodide Chemical compound I[Ga](I)I DWRNSCDYNYYYHT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) iodide Chemical compound [Tl]I CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodide Chemical group I[I-]I WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FOVZCYAIUZHXGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M indium(1+);iodide Chemical compound I[In] FOVZCYAIUZHXGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodoindigane Chemical compound I[In](I)I RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001218 Thorium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNZXSJGLMFKMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg+2].[O-][Ge](F)=O.[O-][Ge](F)=O Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Ge](F)=O.[O-][Ge](F)=O GNZXSJGLMFKMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MDMUQRJQFHEVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-J thorium(iv) iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[I-].[I-].[Th+4] MDMUQRJQFHEVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H tristrontium;diphosphate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[Sr+2].[Sr+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/045—Thermic screens or reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
- H01J61/40—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by light filters; by coloured coatings in or on the envelope
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
- H01J61/42—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence
- H01J61/44—Devices characterised by the luminescent material
Definitions
- the proportions of these substances in the gas of the discharge atmosphere under normal running or operating conditions may vary appreciably because of the variation of the cold point temperature due to variations in external conditions such as those of the line voltage and of the ambient temperature.
- This temperature characteristic is found to vary from one lamp to another of the same manufacture, lbecause of small but inevitable deviations in their dimensions. It is also found to vary for the same lamp, depending on the supply voltage and the supply apparatus.
- the spectral distribution of the radiation can be caused to vary, for example, in order to favour either the obtaining of blue light, or the obtaining of green light, or the obtaining of red and violet light, respectively by increasing the proportions of indium iodide, thallium iodide and gallium iodide.
- the discharge vessel is advantageously equipped with tungsten electrodes comprising an addition of thorium in metallic form as an element which easily emits electrons.
- This thorium may in addition contribute to the light emission by production of thorium iodide from iodide in excess, coming from the triiodide.
- gallium iodide emitting red light of Wavelengths 6414 and 6397 A.
- These violet radiations which are less efficient from the point of view of light production, can advantageously be employed for exciting a tluorescent material deposited in a bulb containing the mercury and iodides vapour tube.
- This fluorescent material which must have good eiciency at the high temperature of the bulb, will for example be magnesium uorogermanate emitting red light or preferably strontium and optionally zinc orthophosphate activated with tin, an emitter of orange and yellow radiation and contributing to the balance of the light in the different parts of the spectrum.
- FIGURES 1 and 2 show diagrammatically and by Way of example two lamps according to the invention.
- the silica tube 1 is mounted axially in a cylindrical envelope 6 of hard glass in known manner by means of a metal support.
- heat-insulating elements 4, 14 which are formed by a metal strip of polished nickel insulated from the end of the lamp by a thermal insulator, such as for example silica wool. This permits the heat losses through the ends of the tube to be greatly reduced, especially when these latter comprise flat pinched portions with a large area. In this way, a suciently high temperature, of the order of 600 C., is maintained at the cold point of the tube, thus avoiding the possible condensation of the products being used and permits a more rapid warming-up.
- the bulbs 6 and 8 may be advantageous to form the bulbs 6 and 8 of slightly yellow glass or to deposit inside these bulbs a layer which is formed wholly or in part by a yellow pigment; in this way, a light is obtained which has a more accentuated component in the long wave lengths.
- the lamps according to the invention have the above advantages, as well as a high e'iciency, without it being necessary to dissipate therefrom a high power, relatively to their dimensions; there are thus avoided the disadvantages of a high temperature due to a high load: rapid devitrification of the silica forming the wall of the tube, rapid destruction of the tube, more rapid physical and chemical phenomena and probably opaque metals deposition on the wall of the tube may be with a surface attack of the silica.
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR996238A FR1423911A (fr) | 1964-11-25 | 1964-11-25 | Lampe à vapeur de mercure sous haute pression |
| FR32083 | 1965-09-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3379916A true US3379916A (en) | 1968-04-23 |
Family
ID=26166251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US494547A Expired - Lifetime US3379916A (en) | 1964-11-25 | 1965-10-11 | High-pressure vapour lamp containing indium, thallium and gallium halides |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3379916A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE671014A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH452698A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1489527B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (2) | FR1423911A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1060350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3450925A (en) * | 1967-03-17 | 1969-06-17 | Gen Electric | Mercury bismuth halide photochemical arc lamp light sources |
| US3521111A (en) * | 1965-10-01 | 1970-07-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Discharge lamp having a fill including mercury and gallium iodide |
| US3555338A (en) * | 1967-03-10 | 1971-01-12 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Incandescent lamp |
| US3662203A (en) * | 1969-05-20 | 1972-05-09 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | High pressure saturated metal vapor, preferably sodium or metal halide vapor discharge lamp |
| US4499396A (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1985-02-12 | Gte Products Corporation | Metal halide arc discharge lamp with means for suppressing convection currents within the outer envelope and methods of operating same |
| US4580989A (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1986-04-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Metal halide arc discharge lamp with means for suppressing convection currents within the outer envelope and methods of operating and constructing same |
| US4581557A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1986-04-08 | General Electric Company | Stabilized high intensity discharge lamp |
| JPH04506317A (ja) * | 1990-08-13 | 1992-11-05 | ウエルチ アリン，インコーポレイテッド | 歯科用材料硬化用の電灯および装置 |
| WO2002103748A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-12-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Low-pressure gas discharge lamp with a mercury-free gas filling |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2115977A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-14 | Gen Electric | High efficacy fluorescent/arc discharge light source |
| CA1316666C (en) * | 1987-10-22 | 1993-04-27 | Robert E. Duthie, Jr. | Sterilization method and apparatus |
| US5864210A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1999-01-26 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrodeless hid lamp and electrodeless hid lamp system using the same |
| US7161303B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2007-01-09 | Lg Electronics, Inc. | Plasma lighting system and bulb therefor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3234421A (en) * | 1961-01-23 | 1966-02-08 | Gen Electric | Metallic halide electric discharge lamps |
| US3259777A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1966-07-05 | Gen Electric | Metal halide vapor discharge lamp with near molten tip electrodes |
| US3274415A (en) * | 1963-12-31 | 1966-09-20 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Gaseous discharge lamp with a reduced and unreduced actuator |
-
0
- FR FR88772D patent/FR88772E/fr not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-11-25 FR FR996238A patent/FR1423911A/fr not_active Expired
-
1965
- 1965-10-11 US US494547A patent/US3379916A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-10-15 BE BE671014D patent/BE671014A/xx unknown
- 1965-11-23 GB GB49671/65A patent/GB1060350A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-11-23 DE DE1965S0100618 patent/DE1489527B2/de active Granted
- 1965-11-25 CH CH1623265A patent/CH452698A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3234421A (en) * | 1961-01-23 | 1966-02-08 | Gen Electric | Metallic halide electric discharge lamps |
| US3259777A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1966-07-05 | Gen Electric | Metal halide vapor discharge lamp with near molten tip electrodes |
| US3274415A (en) * | 1963-12-31 | 1966-09-20 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Gaseous discharge lamp with a reduced and unreduced actuator |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3521111A (en) * | 1965-10-01 | 1970-07-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Discharge lamp having a fill including mercury and gallium iodide |
| US3555338A (en) * | 1967-03-10 | 1971-01-12 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Incandescent lamp |
| US3450925A (en) * | 1967-03-17 | 1969-06-17 | Gen Electric | Mercury bismuth halide photochemical arc lamp light sources |
| US3662203A (en) * | 1969-05-20 | 1972-05-09 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | High pressure saturated metal vapor, preferably sodium or metal halide vapor discharge lamp |
| US4581557A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1986-04-08 | General Electric Company | Stabilized high intensity discharge lamp |
| US4499396A (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1985-02-12 | Gte Products Corporation | Metal halide arc discharge lamp with means for suppressing convection currents within the outer envelope and methods of operating same |
| US4580989A (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1986-04-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Metal halide arc discharge lamp with means for suppressing convection currents within the outer envelope and methods of operating and constructing same |
| JPH04506317A (ja) * | 1990-08-13 | 1992-11-05 | ウエルチ アリン，インコーポレイテッド | 歯科用材料硬化用の電灯および装置 |
| US5184044A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1993-02-02 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Dental curing lamp |
| WO2002103748A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-12-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Low-pressure gas discharge lamp with a mercury-free gas filling |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE671014A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1966-04-15 |
| GB1060350A (en) | 1967-03-01 |
| FR1423911A (fr) | 1966-01-07 |
| DE1489527A1 (de) | 1970-07-23 |
| CH452698A (fr) | 1968-03-15 |
| DE1489527B2 (de) | 1976-08-19 |
| FR88772E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-06-07 |
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