US3379809A - Process for drawing and crimping yarn - Google Patents

Process for drawing and crimping yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3379809A
US3379809A US537553A US53755366A US3379809A US 3379809 A US3379809 A US 3379809A US 537553 A US537553 A US 537553A US 53755366 A US53755366 A US 53755366A US 3379809 A US3379809 A US 3379809A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
temperature
pin
snubbing
crimp
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Expired - Lifetime
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US537553A
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English (en)
Inventor
Woods Denis William
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/227—Control of the stretching tension; Localisation of the stretching neck; Draw-pins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/004—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by heating fibres, filaments, yarns or threads so as to create a temperature gradient across their diameter, thereby imparting them latent asymmetrical shrinkage properties

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for simultaneously drawing and crimping filaments made from fibre-forming polymers.
  • the crimp becomes almost instantaneously apparent on relaxing the filaments from tension at room temperature, without further heating.
  • My process can be operated at high speeds and because it forms an integral part of a drawing process, it is economical and can be operated with inexpensive modifications of existing drawing and other equipment as used in the manufacture of synthetic filament yarns and staple fibres.
  • the filaments for use in my process must be capable of being cold drawn, showing the formation of a characteristic neck and shoulder between the drawn and undrawn portion of the filaments, and they should have a natural draw ratio at room temperature making them capable of being elongated at least twice their length, as spun.
  • my invention provide a rapid integrated process for the manufacture of crimped filaments and fibres from undrawn melt spun filaments having a natural draw ratio at room temperature making them capable of being elongated at least twice their length and which, in the case of filaments melt spun from polyethylene terephthalate, have an intrinsic viscosity between 0.4 and 0.7 and an optical birefringence between 0.001 to 0.015, both sets of figures inclusive, comprising drawing the filaments 2.5 to 6 times their length between feed rolls and draw rolls, introducing a tension gradient and localizing the draw zone with a snubbing pin interposed between said rolls, heating the filaments in a 1st zone maintained close to and before the snubbing pin, at a temperature between 15 C.
  • the 2nd order transition temperature of the polymer from which the filaments are made C. to C. in the case of polyethylene terephthal ate filaments, passing the heated filament-s without allowing them to cool substantially and so that stretching is limited to less than 20% and without drawing, to a small snubbing pin capable of being internally heated and maintained at a selected temperature, in close proximity to said 1st zone, maintaining said snubbing pin at a temperature between about 85 C. above the second order transition temperature and 30 C. above the melting temperature of the filaments, i.e. C. to 295 C. for polyethylene terephthalate, said snubbing pin having a radius of curvature less than 6 mm.
  • the birefringence of the undrawn polyethylene terephthalate filaments should be between 0.001 to 0.015, preferably 0.005 to 0.015 the intrinsic viscosity of the undrawn filaments should be between 0.4 and 0.7, preferably between 0.42 and 0.47 for manufacture of fibres for use in spun yarn fabrics where a reduced tendency to pilling is required, and between 0.58 and 0.65 for textile applications where a high abrasion resistance is required.
  • a circular cross-section of the filaments may be used of a denier between 3 and 12 per filament and 1 to 50 filaments in filament yarns. Tow-s may also be processed according to my invention provided that the contact angle with the snubbing pin is about 180 or less but more than 90 of are of contact, on the snubbing pin.
  • the are of contact of the filaments with the snubbing pin should be greater than 90 and up to 144 preferably about 180 to 360 i.e. to one complete turn around the pin.
  • the filaments on passing over or around the snubbing pin spread into a ribbon, if twistless yarns r tows are used, but a certain amount of crossing over of the filaments, as may be caused by a small amount of twist is not detrimental and in some cases may help to bring about or maintain a useful relative displacement in the crimped filaments.
  • the distance between it and the snubbing pin expressed as the free tangential distance of the filament path is preferably 2 to 8 cm, which gives a useful crimp, although, as appears in the data which follows, greater distances may be used, e.g. 16 cm.
  • the lst zone for heating the filaments prefer-ably consists of the feed rolls themselves, adequate heating being obtained by lapping the yarn a sufiicient number of turns around one or more heated roll-s.
  • the 2nd heating zone comprising the snubbing pin has the function of imparting a tension gradient to the filaments between the feed rolls and the draw rolls and it is essential that substantially all the drawing occurs either on or just beyond the snubbing pin in that zone.
  • the relative positioning of the two zones is also important and they should be as close together as possible and in order that no substantial cooling takes place between the 1st zone and the snubbing pin in the 2nd zone.
  • the distance does not exceed 10 cm.
  • the material from which the snubbing pin is made should withstand not only abrasion and the mechanical strains from the contacting filaments but also the temperature and include means for heating and controlling the temperature, which in my examples have been measured by a thermo-couple in the centre of the pin, because I have found it impossible to measure the temperature on the surface of the snubbing pin in contact with the movin filaments.
  • Ceramic material which is commercially available under the trade marks Faradex and Syntox has been found mechanically suitable. It can be drilled or otherwise be made hollow for the insertion of suitable heater elements, thermo-couples or other thermo-sensing means.
  • metallic pins with a hard wearing coating including a ceramic coating or a sand blasted chromed surface may also be used, provided that the surface is evenly cured, preferably cylindrical and evenly dulled or smooth and which will fulfill the stated requirements. It should be noted that all temperatures given in this specification relate to a ceramic snubbing pin. Since the measurements are made inside and not on the surface of the pin they will be considerably lower than if a metal pin were used.
  • An important advantage of the present invention is the possibility of using larger diameter snubbing pins.
  • US. Patent 3,101,990 indicates uncrimped yarn is obtained when the snubbing pin diameter is larger than 33 inch (4.75 mm.)
  • the surface of the snubbing pin, the coefficient of friction with the filaments, the arc of contact with the filaments and other conditions should be chosen so that there is a tension gradient on the snubbing pin, which is located between the feed and draw-rolls, and so that there is a greater tension in the thread line leaving the snubbing pin than in the portion approaching it. If the tension in the thread line before the snubbing pin is greater than when leaving it, no crimp or no useful crimp is obtained.
  • the tension between the feed rolls and/ or the first heated zone and between it and the second zone should therefore be such that stretching is limited to less than 20% and insufficient to effect drawing of the filaments before reaching the snubbing pin. If this is not done the draw zone may run back to the feed roll and no useful crimp is obtained and running conditions are unstable.
  • the temperature in the snubbing pin may be up to 290 C. when measured at the center of the pin in the case of polyethylene terephthalate filaments, bearing in mind that there is a temperature gradient from the center to the surface of the pin, and that the filaments do not necessarily become heated to the temperature measured and attained at the center of the pin.
  • the diameter of the snubbing pin has a profound effect on the crimp obtained and it should be chosen depending on the filament denier and the number of filaments passing over it and consistent with mechanical requirements. Lower deniers, fewer filaments and lower speeds make the use of small diameter snubbing pins possible and desirable.
  • Circular cylindrical snubbing pins of diameters 1 to 10 mm. may be used and those of 1.5 to 6.5 mm. are preferred.
  • one of the advantages-of the high temperature used for the pin is the possibility of using larger diameter pins, e.g. about 5.5 to 12 mm. diameter (that is, having a radius of curvature of about 2.75 to 6 mm).
  • the snubbing pin becomes heated by frictional contact with the filaments and that under certain conditions no internal heating may be necessary, to achieve the required temperature. However, heat ordinarily is applied.
  • the filaments or yarns are taken up by the draw rolls, rotating at a linear speed between 3 and 6 times that of the feed rolls and to give the required draw ratio.
  • the filaments may be lapped around the draw rolls with associate idler roll in several turns or nip rolls or a set of draw rolls or a combination of these may be used, if desired.
  • the yarn may be forwarded to forwarding rolls for further processing, or they may be wound up on suitable packages using the conventional winding tensions of about 0.2 gram per denier.
  • the imparted crimpbecomes apparent when the filaments are released from tension e.g. when they are unwound from the yarn package.
  • the imparted crimp is permanent and does not change with the passage of time. I have found that filament yarn processed according to my invention when wound up and stored on bobbins for 4 months, have the same amount of crimp as when first wound up.
  • crimping may be a combination of a heat setting, deforming and temperature gradient process which however operates under conditions which are not obtainable if the process were not used during drawing of the filaments.
  • a heat setting, deforming and temperature gradient process which however operates under conditions which are not obtainable if the process were not used during drawing of the filaments.
  • complex changes are brought about in the filaments resulting in a desirable crimp and other desirable properties, the combination of which is novel.
  • an attempt has been made to determine the experimental conditions which are required to obtain an acceptable crimp in the filaments. These conditions are quite critical.
  • Example 1 This example, and Table 1, illustrates the effect of distance between the snubbing pin and the hot feed roll at intervals from 2 to 16 cm. It will be seen that a crimp is obtained only at distances of 2, 4 and 8 em, if the temperature of the pin is between 84 and 88 C.; on the other hand, if the temperature of the pin is further increased to 170 C. the versatility of the process also is increased and a useful crimp is obtained over the whole range of distances of 2 to 16 cm. between the feed rolls and the snubbing pin.
  • Example 2 This example, and Table 2, illustrates the effect of the arc of contact of the filaments on the snubbing pin. It will be seen that an arc of contact up to and including 90 yield no crimp or only a slight crimp of 4 crimps per inch at a roll surface temperature of 100 and a snubbing pin temperature of 170 C. Good results are obtained, however, with an arc of contact of 180 (1 half turn and 1 whole turn, 1% turns and even 2 turns round the pin), at these temperatures. The first three experiments in Table 2 also show that low pin temperatures prevent crimping.
  • Example 3 This example, and Table 3, illustrates the effect of the diameter of the snubbing pin from 1.6 to 9.5 mm. It will be seen that the smaller the pin the more versatile the conditions become under which a crimp is obtained. In contrast, when the pin diameter is increased, a crimp is only obtained with the high pin temperature of this invention. Table 3 also illustrates that at a snubbing pin temperature of 61 C. no useful crimp results, if the hot roll surface is 99 C., but if the temperature of the snubbing pin is raised to 170 C. under the same conditions a crimp is obtained.
  • Example 4 This example, and Table 4, is an attempt to determine the temperature for the snubbing pin using the roll surface temperature of 100 C. and a relatively small snubbing pin as in the previous examples of 5.2 mm. diameter and 1 turn on the snubbing pin, at a distance of 2 cm. between the snubbing pin and the feed rolls, at a draw speed of 3,000 ft. per minute. It will be seen that a crimp is obtained at temperatures of up to 290 C., bearing in mind that the temperature is measured inside the snubbing pin and that this is not necessarily an indication of the temperature on the surface contacting the filaments. It will be seen that under these conditions the crimp extension is already falling off to 138% at 290 C.
  • the roll surface temperature is dropped to 22 C., no crimp is obtained and the filaments are straight. It therefore appears that the upper temperature limit for the snubbing pin under these conditions is about 30 C. above the melting temperature of the filaments.
  • Example 5 This example, and Table 5, illustrates in greater detail the effect of the arc of contact on the tension gradient across the snubbing pin.
  • the roll surface temperature used is C. It will be seen that a tension ratio greater than 0.9 to 1 is required to result in crimped filaments. In other words, drawing should take place on the snubbing pin, or between it and the draw rolls, as a result of a tension gradient on the pin.
  • the attached figure is a diagrammatic illustration of one form of our apparatus as used for the examples with pretensioning rolls, 1, 2 feed rolls, 3, 3A the snubbing in 4, the draw rolls 5 and idler rolls 3A and 5A associated with the feed and draw rolls.
  • said snubbing pin which is capable of being internally heated and maintained at a selected temperature, in close proximity to said first zone, maintaining said snubbing pin at a temperature between 85 C. above the second order transition temperature and 30 C. above the melting temperature of the filaments, said snubbing pin having a radius of curvature less than 6 mm.
  • the first zone consists of a curved circular cylindrical surface, the distance between said surface and said snubbing pin expressed as a free tangential distance of the filament path being 2 to 8 cm.
  • the snubbing pin used has low heat conductivity and is made of a ceramic material having a surface which with a suitable arc of contact provides a tension gradient with the filaments so that there is a greater tension in the thread line leaving the snubbing pin than in the portion approaching it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US537553A 1961-11-24 1966-03-25 Process for drawing and crimping yarn Expired - Lifetime US3379809A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB42101/61A GB1025241A (en) 1961-11-24 1961-11-24 Process for drawing and crimping synthetic meltspun filaments

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US3379809A true US3379809A (en) 1968-04-23

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US (1) US3379809A (ko)
BE (1) BE625320A (ko)
CH (1) CH432713A (ko)
GB (1) GB1025241A (ko)
NL (1) NL285919A (ko)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3527860A (en) * 1967-09-26 1970-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Process for producing fibers
US3539680A (en) * 1967-08-07 1970-11-10 Teijin Ltd Process and apparatus for drawing polyester filaments
US3653198A (en) * 1967-05-10 1972-04-04 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method for manufacturing a plied yarn
US3816992A (en) * 1971-12-22 1974-06-18 Du Pont Crimped polyester filament yarn and process for making same
US3861133A (en) * 1971-12-22 1975-01-21 Du Pont Production of highly crimped polyester yarn
US3905077A (en) * 1972-08-18 1975-09-16 Du Pont Process for crimping polyester filament yarn
US4535515A (en) * 1981-10-29 1985-08-20 Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. Draw-roll assembly
US5083419A (en) * 1987-06-15 1992-01-28 Amann Und Sohne Gmbh & Co. Method of producing a yarn and an apparatus for carrying out this method
CN111441097A (zh) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-24 际华集团股份有限公司 细旦高强锦纶66纤维及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093444A (en) * 1961-07-10 1963-06-11 Du Pont Process of preparing a helically crimped polypropylene filament
US3101990A (en) * 1960-10-13 1963-08-27 Du Pont Process of drawing filamentary structures
US3112551A (en) * 1958-12-31 1963-12-03 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of crimped filament yarns
US3226792A (en) * 1957-04-16 1966-01-04 English Rose Ltd Method and apparatus for crimping yarn

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3226792A (en) * 1957-04-16 1966-01-04 English Rose Ltd Method and apparatus for crimping yarn
US3112551A (en) * 1958-12-31 1963-12-03 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of crimped filament yarns
US3101990A (en) * 1960-10-13 1963-08-27 Du Pont Process of drawing filamentary structures
US3093444A (en) * 1961-07-10 1963-06-11 Du Pont Process of preparing a helically crimped polypropylene filament

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3653198A (en) * 1967-05-10 1972-04-04 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method for manufacturing a plied yarn
US3539680A (en) * 1967-08-07 1970-11-10 Teijin Ltd Process and apparatus for drawing polyester filaments
US3527860A (en) * 1967-09-26 1970-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co Process for producing fibers
US3816992A (en) * 1971-12-22 1974-06-18 Du Pont Crimped polyester filament yarn and process for making same
US3861133A (en) * 1971-12-22 1975-01-21 Du Pont Production of highly crimped polyester yarn
US3905077A (en) * 1972-08-18 1975-09-16 Du Pont Process for crimping polyester filament yarn
US4535515A (en) * 1981-10-29 1985-08-20 Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. Draw-roll assembly
US5083419A (en) * 1987-06-15 1992-01-28 Amann Und Sohne Gmbh & Co. Method of producing a yarn and an apparatus for carrying out this method
CN111441097A (zh) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-24 际华集团股份有限公司 细旦高强锦纶66纤维及其制备方法

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CH432713A (de) 1967-03-31
BE625320A (ko)
GB1025241A (en) 1966-04-06
NL285919A (ko)

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