US3374065A - Biochemical oxygen demand continual detecting apparatus - Google Patents

Biochemical oxygen demand continual detecting apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3374065A
US3374065A US418790A US41879064A US3374065A US 3374065 A US3374065 A US 3374065A US 418790 A US418790 A US 418790A US 41879064 A US41879064 A US 41879064A US 3374065 A US3374065 A US 3374065A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
value
test material
detecting apparatus
testing tube
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US418790A
Inventor
Suzuki Hideo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyo Giken Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Toyo Giken Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyo Giken Co Ltd filed Critical Toyo Giken Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3374065A publication Critical patent/US3374065A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/1806—Water biological or chemical oxygen demand (BOD or COD)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/12—Condition responsive control

Definitions

  • fatty acids having comparatively large molecules together with unsaponifiable matters other than suspended matters may, however, contain, fatty acids which are always the central base of those substances.
  • test material into the container.
  • Means are provided for injecting a non-organic acid into the container to form a mixture.
  • Means for mixing and heating the mixture causes a removal of the basic group, such as carbonate, bi-carbonate or carbonate anhydride, etc.
  • means for continuously detecting the lowering pH value causes a valve to close, thereby closing the nonorganic acid injecting means when a low pH value is reached.
  • Means for injecting an alkaline having a pre determined density into the mixture is provided and a recording meter is provided for showing the pH value increase.
  • a measuring means determines the B.O.D. value by measuring an operating period of the alkaline injecting means over a pH value range indicating the volatile organic acid alkalinity.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously detecting and estimating B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) value existing in drainages, rivers, etc.
  • B.O.D. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
  • the B.O.D. value in water streams can be precisely measured continuously, even though the B.O.D. value is irregular.
  • a further feature of the present invention is that the B.O.D. value can be indirectly measured by obtaining As apparent from the above table, a mutual relation is confirmed between the volatile acidic alkali and the B.O.D. value.
  • the present invention provides a detecting apparatus which essentially consists of a complete line of an automatic pumping device together with other means whereby the volatile organic lacid alkalinity and the B.O.D. value can be automatically measured with a continuous recording system.
  • this apparatus is constructed with a testing tube, an automatic sampler which takes the proposed sample in the base of a periodic time interval, a pH meter, an acid reservoir, .an alkali tank, a pump for a predetermined volume, a recorder for the B.O.D., etc.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodimnt of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a mutual relation between the B.O.D. value (p.p.m.) and the volatile organic acid alkalinity.
  • I r 1 Referring now to the drawing, a test material is initially conducted by a pump 15 into a testing tube 5 and an electric switch 1 is turned on.
  • a sampler-timer 2 is then actuated and an acid is supplied into the testing water of the testing tube 5.
  • valve 6, attached to an outlet pipe of the test material 5', and provided on the testing tube 5, is closed and a mixing treatment with heat is performed by mixer 7 together with heater 8 as switch 8' is turned on.
  • an indicating signal is transmitting to a pH meter 10 by means of a glass-electrode 9 on which a fixed thermostat is contained in the testing tube 5, whereby a valve 3 of an acid tank 4 is closed by an operation of a shifting switch 11 which is connected to the pH meter 10.
  • heater circuit 8 'of the testing tube 5 is simultaneously cut within five minutes, being effected by the timer 2, and an alkaline solution having a 3 normal cardinal number is supplied into the testing tube 5 at a constant speed by means of a quantitative pump 13 fixed in the tank 12. If the pH contained in the test material shows a value, for instance 4, an operation of a B.O.D. indicator 14 is commenced.
  • the B.O.D. indicator 14 is designed so as to record an operating period of the quantitative pump 13, and accordingly a volatile organic acid alkalinity is shown in the indicator through the quantity of the alkaline solution supplied by the quantitative pump 13.
  • the alkaline quantitative pump 13 stops and the indication of the B.O.D. recording indicator 14 is terminated.
  • the valve 6 of the outlet pipe 5 for the test material on the testing tube 5 opens and supplies the test material into the testing tube 5.
  • a test material readily measured, is exhausted through the outlet pipe 5' being effected by an operation of the pump 15 :being controlled by the sampler-timer 2.
  • the sampler pump 15 suspends its operation, the same state as the commencing operative state occurs in which the electric switch is on and the aforesaid process can be repeated.
  • Example 1 With a 500.00 cc. testing tube, successive titration of acid and alkali of which the cardinal number is N/lO was performed at a chemical treating laboratory on drainage.
  • the scale indication on the recording paper detected the reference formula.
  • Example 2 With a 300.00 cc. testing tube, the B.O.D. value existing in the neighborhood of an overflowing reservoir outlet was measured twenty-one times. Each measurement was processed for fifteen minutes having been kept continuously for twenty-four hours, successively.
  • Example 3 With a 300.00 cc. testing tube, and fifteen minute measurements, the B.O.D. value in river water was successively made twenty-two times in two days. The respective 4 time intervals between experiments were two hours.
  • the present continuous B.O.D. detecting apparatus can be easily utilized for detecting the B.O.D. value such as, for example, from river water, drain water and any type of sewages by means of classifying scales, testing tube capacities, cardinal numbers of acid and alkali of the recording form into several groups depending upon the proposed drainage to be tested.
  • the present B.O.D. detecting apparatus provides a remarkable means for detecting B.O.D. in river water, drain water and any other type of sewages by usefully utilizing a close chemical relationship between volatile organic acid alkalinity and the B.O.D. value.
  • the present invention successfully provides an inventive detecting for the B.O.D. value without being affected by the continuous changes of the water quality.
  • An apparatus for the automatic detection of the B.O.D. value of a test material comprising a container used as a testing tube,
  • determining the B.O.D. value by recording the time during which the alkali is injected until the pH reaches a predetermined high value, whereby the total alkali added is determined and is a measure of the fatty acid content of said test material and correlated to the B.O.D. value thereof, whereby the B.O.D. value of said test material is determined.

Description

March 19, 1968 HIDEO SUZUKI BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND CONTINUAL DETECTING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 16, 1964 INVENTOR United States atent Oilice 3,374,065 Patented Mar. 19, 1968 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus for the automatic detection of the B.O.D. value, comprising a container and means for injecting a the volatile organic acid alkalinity contained in the stream to be measured.
After due experimental studies performed by the inventor, it was successfully discovered that organic substances in water streams relate to the B.O.D. value and usually consist of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc; and that -50% of the B.O.D. value may always be correlated with the lower fatty acid content.
Also, fatty acids having comparatively large molecules together with unsaponifiable matters other than suspended matters may, however, contain, fatty acids which are always the central base of those substances.
In order to clarify the aforesaid description, the following comparative table between the rate of volatile acidic alkali and the measured value of the B.O.D. is provided:
Chemical Aiter Bio- Kind of soils (p.p.m.) River- River- Rivertreated chemical Drain Drain water water water urinate treatment (A) (B) water Volatile acid alkalinity by direct titration 26.9 19.8 15.8 607.6 75.2 34.5 44.2 Organic acid by steam distillation method 43.7 23.4 13.2 380.6 127.2 65.0 54.9 34. 3 30. 9 9. 1 1,330.0 61. 3 117. 5 108. 1
test material into the container. Means are provided for injecting a non-organic acid into the container to form a mixture. Means for mixing and heating the mixture causes a removal of the basic group, such as carbonate, bi-carbonate or carbonate anhydride, etc. During this stage, means for continuously detecting the lowering pH value causes a valve to close, thereby closing the nonorganic acid injecting means when a low pH value is reached. Means for injecting an alkaline having a pre determined density into the mixture is provided and a recording meter is provided for showing the pH value increase. A measuring means determines the B.O.D. value by measuring an operating period of the alkaline injecting means over a pH value range indicating the volatile organic acid alkalinity.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously detecting and estimating B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) value existing in drainages, rivers, etc.
In spite of a serious need for sufficient detection of the B.O.D. value in the public health field, there has never been, heretofore, an appropriate method for estimating the B.O.D. value on a continual basis due to a difficulty of measuring the varying B.O.D. in flowing drain water.
It has been desired to maintain drainages and rivers within :a predetermined or normal B.O.D. value; however, an exact measurement of the B.O.D. value in water streams could not be satisfactorily achieved due to the continuous change of the B.O.D. value.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an epoch making apparatus for continuously estimating the B.O.D. value in water streams.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus which substantially utilizes a close chemical relation which exists between volatile organic acid alkalinity and the B.O.D. value.
In accordance with the present invention, the B.O.D. value in water streams can be precisely measured continuously, even though the B.O.D. value is irregular.
A further feature of the present invention is that the B.O.D. value can be indirectly measured by obtaining As apparent from the above table, a mutual relation is confirmed between the volatile acidic alkali and the B.O.D. value.
In order to estimate the B.O.D. value in water streams, the present invention provides a detecting apparatus which essentially consists of a complete line of an automatic pumping device together with other means whereby the volatile organic lacid alkalinity and the B.O.D. value can be automatically measured with a continuous recording system.
In detail, this apparatus is constructed with a testing tube, an automatic sampler which takes the proposed sample in the base of a periodic time interval, a pH meter, an acid reservoir, .an alkali tank, a pump for a predetermined volume, a recorder for the B.O.D., etc.
With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent in the following detailed. description, the present invention will be clearly understood in connec tion with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodimnt of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a mutual relation between the B.O.D. value (p.p.m.) and the volatile organic acid alkalinity. I r 1 Referring now to the drawing, a test material is initially conducted by a pump 15 into a testing tube 5 and an electric switch 1 is turned on.
A sampler-timer 2 is then actuated and an acid is supplied into the testing water of the testing tube 5. At the same time, valve 6, attached to an outlet pipe of the test material 5', and provided on the testing tube 5, is closed and a mixing treatment with heat is performed by mixer 7 together with heater 8 as switch 8' is turned on. At the moment when the pH contained in the test material shows a lower value than any desired value, for instance, such as 3.5, an indicating signal is transmitting to a pH meter 10 by means of a glass-electrode 9 on which a fixed thermostat is contained in the testing tube 5, whereby a valve 3 of an acid tank 4 is closed by an operation of a shifting switch 11 which is connected to the pH meter 10.
On the other hand, heater circuit 8 'of the testing tube 5 is simultaneously cut within five minutes, being effected by the timer 2, and an alkaline solution having a 3 normal cardinal number is supplied into the testing tube 5 at a constant speed by means of a quantitative pump 13 fixed in the tank 12. If the pH contained in the test material shows a value, for instance 4, an operation of a B.O.D. indicator 14 is commenced.
The B.O.D. indicator 14 is designed so as to record an operating period of the quantitative pump 13, and accordingly a volatile organic acid alkalinity is shown in the indicator through the quantity of the alkaline solution supplied by the quantitative pump 13.
Thus a scale on the indicator may be directly read as the B.O.D. value, for instance, from a reference line A.B. y=2.18x+34.8 (where, y=B.O.D. in p.p.m., and x=volatile organic alkalinity in ppm.) as shown in FIG. 2. Further, OY and OX in FIG. 2 respectively show the B.O.D. in ppm. and the volatile organic acid alkalinity in p.-p.m.
Assuming the pH becomes 7, then the alkaline quantitative pump 13 stops and the indication of the B.O.D. recording indicator 14 is terminated. Then, the valve 6 of the outlet pipe 5 for the test material on the testing tube 5 opens and supplies the test material into the testing tube 5. At this moment, a test material, readily measured, is exhausted through the outlet pipe 5' being effected by an operation of the pump 15 :being controlled by the sampler-timer 2. Then, 'by supplying the test material into the testing tube 5, another test material supplied previously is accordingly replaced and a normal water level of the test material may be maintained in the testing tube since the pump will be automatically stopped. If the sampler pump 15 suspends its operation, the same state as the commencing operative state occurs in which the electric switch is on and the aforesaid process can be repeated.
Now, for a further appreciation and better understanding of the present invention, three experimental examples are provided.
Example 1 With a 500.00 cc. testing tube, successive titration of acid and alkali of which the cardinal number is N/lO was performed at a chemical treating laboratory on drainage.
After twelve hours of successive operation with ten minute time intervals for thirty two times, the reference line shows y=1.33x+605.7 (where, y=B.O.D. in p.p.m., and x=volatile organic acid alkinity in ppm). The scale indication on the recording paper detected the reference formula.
Example 2 With a 300.00 cc. testing tube, the B.O.D. value existing in the neighborhood of an overflowing reservoir outlet was measured twenty-one times. Each measurement was processed for fifteen minutes having been kept continuously for twenty-four hours, successively.
The reference line detected was y=2.18x+34.8 (y=B.0.D. in p.p.m., and x=alkaline degree of organic acid in ppm.)
Example 3 With a 300.00 cc. testing tube, and fifteen minute measurements, the B.O.D. value in river water was successively made twenty-two times in two days. The respective 4 time intervals between experiments were two hours. The reference line showed y=1.55x0.77 (y:B.O.D. in p.p.m., x=volatile organic acid alkalinity in p.p.m.).
As is apparent from the above examples, the present continuous B.O.D. detecting apparatus can be easily utilized for detecting the B.O.D. value such as, for example, from river water, drain water and any type of sewages by means of classifying scales, testing tube capacities, cardinal numbers of acid and alkali of the recording form into several groups depending upon the proposed drainage to be tested.
The present B.O.D. detecting apparatus provides a remarkable means for detecting B.O.D. in river water, drain water and any other type of sewages by usefully utilizing a close chemical relationship between volatile organic acid alkalinity and the B.O.D. value.
The present invention successfully provides an inventive detecting for the B.O.D. value without being affected by the continuous changes of the water quality.
While I have disclosed one embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that this embodiment is given by example only and not in a limiting sense, the scope of the present invention being determined by the objects and the claim.
What I claim is:
1. An apparatus for the automatic detection of the B.O.D. value of a test material comprising a container used as a testing tube,
means for injecting the test material into said container,
means for injecting a non-organic acid in o said container to form a mixture,
means for mixing and heating said mixture,
means responsive to a predetermined low pH value for closing said non-organic acid injecting means, means for injecting an alkali having a predetermined density into said mixture at a predetermined rate, recording meter means for showing the pH value increase, and
determining the B.O.D. value by recording the time during which the alkali is injected until the pH reaches a predetermined high value, whereby the total alkali added is determined and is a measure of the fatty acid content of said test material and correlated to the B.O.D. value thereof, whereby the B.O.D. value of said test material is determined.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,928,782 3/1960 Leisey 23253 X 3,073,682 1/1963 Lindsley 23253 3,192,017 6/1965 Kruger 23253 3,246,952 4/1966 Dawe 23253 OTHER REFERENCES Gaffney et al.: Biochemical Oxidation of the Lower Fatty Acids, Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, vol. 33, pp. 1178-1181, November 1961.
MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner.
R. E. SERWIN, Assistant Examiner.
US418790A 1963-12-20 1964-12-16 Biochemical oxygen demand continual detecting apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3374065A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6831363 1963-12-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3374065A true US3374065A (en) 1968-03-19

Family

ID=13370183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US418790A Expired - Lifetime US3374065A (en) 1963-12-20 1964-12-16 Biochemical oxygen demand continual detecting apparatus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3374065A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3466146A (en) * 1965-04-01 1969-09-09 Rech Geolog Miniere Installation for automatic attack of materials with a view to their chemical analysis
US4088575A (en) * 1975-05-27 1978-05-09 Hilty Jon D Automatic system cleaner for remote monitor
US5531960A (en) * 1994-11-28 1996-07-02 Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District Automated dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand analyzer
WO1999051531A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-14 Theodore T Ronald Waste treatment system and method
US5976888A (en) * 1998-12-07 1999-11-02 Biochem Technology, Inc. Method for measuring NOx in biochemical processes
US6106718A (en) * 1998-07-01 2000-08-22 Biochem Technology, Inc. Enhanced denitrification process by monitoring and controlling carbonaceous nutrient addition
US6143246A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-11-07 Biochem Technology, Inc. Apparatus for measuring ammonia in biochemical processes
CN113337390A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-09-03 北京工商大学 BOD detection device and BOD detection method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928782A (en) * 1956-02-09 1960-03-15 Standard Oil Co Automatic titrator
US3073682A (en) * 1958-08-04 1963-01-15 American Enka Corp Automatic titrator
US3192017A (en) * 1962-07-03 1965-06-29 Beckman Instruments Inc Continuous recording titrator
US3246952A (en) * 1962-08-13 1966-04-19 E H Sargent & Co Titrating and recording apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928782A (en) * 1956-02-09 1960-03-15 Standard Oil Co Automatic titrator
US3073682A (en) * 1958-08-04 1963-01-15 American Enka Corp Automatic titrator
US3192017A (en) * 1962-07-03 1965-06-29 Beckman Instruments Inc Continuous recording titrator
US3246952A (en) * 1962-08-13 1966-04-19 E H Sargent & Co Titrating and recording apparatus

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3466146A (en) * 1965-04-01 1969-09-09 Rech Geolog Miniere Installation for automatic attack of materials with a view to their chemical analysis
US4088575A (en) * 1975-05-27 1978-05-09 Hilty Jon D Automatic system cleaner for remote monitor
US5531960A (en) * 1994-11-28 1996-07-02 Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District Automated dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand analyzer
WO1999051531A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-14 Theodore T Ronald Waste treatment system and method
US6106718A (en) * 1998-07-01 2000-08-22 Biochem Technology, Inc. Enhanced denitrification process by monitoring and controlling carbonaceous nutrient addition
US6143246A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-11-07 Biochem Technology, Inc. Apparatus for measuring ammonia in biochemical processes
US6416652B1 (en) 1998-08-18 2002-07-09 Bio Chem Technology, Inc. Method for measuring ammonia in biochemical processes
US5976888A (en) * 1998-12-07 1999-11-02 Biochem Technology, Inc. Method for measuring NOx in biochemical processes
US6248595B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2001-06-19 Biochem Technology, Inc. Method of measuring a nitrification rate for liquids
CN113337390A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-09-03 北京工商大学 BOD detection device and BOD detection method

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3374065A (en) Biochemical oxygen demand continual detecting apparatus
US2987912A (en) Method and apparatus for measurement of gas dissolved in a liquid
US3625655A (en) Acid analyzer
US2396934A (en) Detection of the chemical condition of materials
US4184359A (en) Gas monitor for liquid flow line
US3885930A (en) Apparatus for removing air-in-excess-of-saturation from water samples to be measured
GB855708A (en) Improvements in and relating to the determination and control of compositions in chemical processes by titration
US4140487A (en) Method and apparatus for analysis of water
US2114234A (en) Apparatus for indicating oxidizing gases in aqueous liquids
US3368969A (en) Method of monitoring and controlling water hardness
JP3289522B2 (en) BOD measuring device
JPH0377460B2 (en)
AU648563B2 (en) Continuous RBCOD measurement
Schock et al. Laboratory technique for measurement of pH for corrosion control studies and water not in equilibrium with the atmosphere
SU1068083A1 (en) Method and apparatus for biological estimate of water toxicity
Hanes et al. Effects of seawater concentration on oxygen uptake of a benthal system
US6290850B1 (en) Method for controlling aeration systems of biological tanks treating waste water
SU494352A1 (en) Automatic device for determining the biochemical oxygen demand of waste and natural waters
JPS588744B2 (en) Ammonia nitrogen analysis method in water
SU506332A3 (en) Electrochemical Oxygen Analyzer
Ludington Oxidation-reduction potential, control by aeration and influence on odor production and degradation of chicken manure
WO1991005251A1 (en) A method for determining the content of organic pollution in a liquid and/or gaseous medium
Zenz et al. Sensors for the Analysis and Control of Biological Processes
SU139865A1 (en) Instrument for determining the content of excise resins in petroleum and petroleum products
SU696359A1 (en) Oxygen content determining device