US3373325A - Method of increasing the yield of accelerated particles in a betatron or synchrotron - Google Patents

Method of increasing the yield of accelerated particles in a betatron or synchrotron Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3373325A
US3373325A US318632A US31863263A US3373325A US 3373325 A US3373325 A US 3373325A US 318632 A US318632 A US 318632A US 31863263 A US31863263 A US 31863263A US 3373325 A US3373325 A US 3373325A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
winding
voltage
current
energizing
magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US318632A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sipek Ladislav
Dvorak Jan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Original Assignee
Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Czech Academy of Sciences CAS filed Critical Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3373325A publication Critical patent/US3373325A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a circuit arrangement for increasing the yield of accelerated particles in a betatron or synchrotron, using a magnet fed from a source of alternating voltage, preferably from conventional supply mains.
  • Accelerators of the betatron or synchrotron type operate cyclically.
  • the particles are accelerated in repeated cycles as the applied magnetic field increases from a value close to zero. It is obvious that the amount of acceleration imparted to the particles in a unit of time, or in other words the intensity of radiation attained by the accelerator used as the radiation source depends, among other factors, on the number of accelerating cycles in a unit of time.
  • the radiation is always emitted in the same direction in both half-cycles of the exciting magnet current, but in this case it has to be emitted from two target electrodes spaced from each other by the diameter of the balance path of the accelerated particles, for example in a stereobetatron.
  • an object of the invention is to eliminate the said drawbacks.
  • an object of the invention is to make use of both half-cycles of the exciting magnet voltage without increasing the source frequency.
  • the windings and sources are arranged in such a manner that both halfcycles of the exciting alternating potential, for example from the mains, always generate an exciting field or" the same direction.
  • the more specific object of the invention is to provide a method of, and a circuit arrangement for, increasing the yield of accelerated particles in a betatron or synchrotron by increasing the number of accelerating cycles in a unit of time.
  • the system of magnet windings of the accelerator is switched over by known means in the half-cycles of the alternating supply voltage in such a manner that the current which excites the magnetic field is pulsating and has always the same polarity, and the moment of connecting the windings to the source is chosen in the vicinity of the moment of maximum voltage value and the moment of disconnection is near the point where the current passes through zero value.
  • An arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a system of magnet windings formed by at least one coil to the terminals of which is connected the output of a system of switches which is synchronously controlled by the frequency of the alternating supply voltage and fed from the source of alternating voltage.
  • a specific illustrative particle accelerating arrangement made in accordance with the principles of the present invention is adapted to supply interrupted, unidirectional current pulses to an accelerating magnet winding.
  • the arrangement comprises a bridge configuration embodied by four controlled rectifiers, such as thyratrons, with the winding and a source of alternating potential being connected to diagonally opposite bridge node pairs.
  • a synchronous control device is employed to render opposite bridge rectifier pairs conductive during a portion of the interval when the voltage source is translating between peak potentials of an opposite polarity.
  • a particle accelerating organization include a bridge configuration comprising four controlled rectifiers, a field generatingaccelerator winding, a source of line voltage connected to a first pair of opposite bridge nodes and the winding connected to the remaining bridge nodes, and a synchronous control device for selectively and alternately enabling the two opposite bridge rectifier pairs.
  • FIG. 1 shows the current and voltage timing curves for an alternating voltage source and a magnet winding system
  • FIG. -1 illustrates an example of circuit arrangement in accordance with the invention with a switch comprising a controlled rectifier of the Graetstype;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of circuit arrangement in accordance with the invention with a switch comprising a controlled rectifier with a double winding.
  • curve 1 if the-magnetic field of the accelerator is to be pulsating in one direction and to be increasing from a value close to zero, the exciting current must also have an identical shape developed in time.
  • Curve 2 which is drawn partly in broken line represents the curve of the alternating current supply voltage and curve 3 which is drawn in full line represents the voltage curve on the terminals of the electromagnet winding.
  • the time section 4 represents the time interval during which the current 1 in the electromagnet winding is interrupted. For simplicitys sake, the curves are given an idealized shape; this is sufiicient for understanding the invention.
  • the phase of the voltage curve leads the current curve by and at the moment of zero current it has to be commutated, that is to say, its direction has to be changed, as can be seen from curves 1 and 2.
  • the curve 2 of the alternating supply voltage is illustrated by the partly broken line. Interruption of the current which is essential for the magnetic field in the accelerator to be zero at certain moments, or at least close to zero, lasts and for a time period whose length is marked 4. This length is adjustable by controlling the moments when the winding energizing current path is completed and interrupted near the peak values of the supply voltage.
  • the current curve 1 is automatically symmetrical with regard to the moment at which the voltage 2 passes through zero, for any moment at which the current circuit into the magnet winding is switched-on. If current interruption in the magnet winding is secured within the time interval 4, the magnet field is also practically zero, and after applying the voltage it can begin to increase from zero value, and the accelerating cycles will proceed normally.
  • FIG. 2 shows an illustrative circuit arangement for embodying the above-described functional concepts.
  • 6 is the winding of the accelerator magnet
  • 16 are magnet winding terminals
  • 7, 8, 9 and 10 are thyratrons or ignitrons arranged in a controlled rectifier bridge
  • 11 is a capacitor which adjusts the power factor
  • 12 and 13 are mains terminals
  • 14 comprises a known device for controlling and regulating the moment of ignition of the ignitrons 7, 8, 9 and 10.
  • the control device 14, which may embody any of the plural well known cornmutating and synchronous structures operates the ignitrons in such a manner that two of them in opposite bridge branches are rendered conductive at the same time, that is the pair 7, 9 or 8, 10.
  • the current 1 begins to flow through the magnet winding 6. After completion of one half-cycle, the current drops to a value at which the arc in the ignitron is extinguished, and this interrupts the current in the magnet winding 6.
  • the device 14 next causes ignition of the second pair of the ignitrons which are supplied with sufficient voltage for creation of an arc.
  • the current 1 in magnet winding 6 begins to again increase in the same direction as in the preceding half cycle. Since the ignitrons 7, 9 and 8, 10 are ignited in the vicinity of the maximum of the supply voltage 2, current curves 1 as in FIG. 1 are automatically created, as is necessary for correct operation of the accelerator.
  • FIG. 3 Another circuit arrangement with more exacting demands on the construction of the magnet winding is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the reference numbers in this figure correspond to those used in FIG. 2.
  • the magnet winding has to be divided into two similar, oppositely poled parts 6 and 6".
  • two controlled ignitrons 7 and 8 operated in succession are sufficient to energize the winding parts 6 and 6 in a manner which creates the desired unidirectional magnetic field. But in the reverse direction they carry double source voltage.
  • the invention may also be used without difiiculty with some other types of accelerators with a combined alternating and direct current field, such as for example with FFAB betatrons.
  • particle accelerating means including winding means for generating a unidirectional magnetic field, and energizing means connected to said winding means for energizing said winding means with unidirectional current pulses spaced from each other by a determined time interval, said energizing means comprising a voltage source for supplying an alternating potential having a determined frequency which is half the repetition rate of said current pulses, said alternating potential being characterized by maximum values in a first and second reference polarity, first controlled switching means for completing a first conduction path between said voltage source and said winding means, second controlled switching means for completing a second conductive path between said voltage source and said winding means, and control means for energizing said first and second switching means between the times when said voltage source is supplying a peak voltage in said first and second, and said second and first reference polarities, said peak voltage determining the duration of said determined time interval.
  • said first and second controlled switching means respectively comprise controlled rectifiers included in opposite branches of a bridge configuration, and wherein said potential source and said winding means are connected to opposite bridge node pairs.
  • winding means comprises first and second serially interconnected winding parts having a junction point therebetween connected to said voltage source, and wherein said first and second controlled switching means comprise first and second controlled rectifiers respectively joining the uncommon ends of said first and second winding parts with said voltage source.
  • particle accelerating means including winding means for generating a unipolar magnetic field, said winding means being connected across a second pair of opposite bridge nodes, and commutating means for energizing alternate pairs of opposite bridge rectifiers when the voltage source respectively supplies its two, opposite polarity peak voltages whereby said bridge configuration provides to said winding means unidirectional current pulses spaced from each other by a determined time interval having a duration determined by said peak voltages, said current pulses having a repetition rate which is twice the frequency of said alternating potential.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US318632A 1962-11-02 1963-10-24 Method of increasing the yield of accelerated particles in a betatron or synchrotron Expired - Lifetime US3373325A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS620662 1962-11-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3373325A true US3373325A (en) 1968-03-12

Family

ID=5408559

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US318632A Expired - Lifetime US3373325A (en) 1962-11-02 1963-10-24 Method of increasing the yield of accelerated particles in a betatron or synchrotron

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3373325A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE639169A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH416865A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE1278625B (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1059108A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472755A (en) * 1982-03-09 1984-09-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Resonant circuit which provides dual frequency excitation for rapid cycling of an electromagnet
US4845732A (en) * 1986-02-17 1989-07-04 Roche Michel Apparatus and process for the production of bremsstrahlung from accelerated electrons
WO2010151206A1 (en) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Scandinova Systems Ab Improved particle accelerator and magnetic core arrangement for a particle accelerator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1115456A (en) * 1903-03-05 1914-10-27 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Electrical distribution system.
US2538718A (en) * 1946-08-06 1951-01-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction device for accelerating electrons
US2654838A (en) * 1947-09-06 1953-10-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Impulse circuit
US2970247A (en) * 1958-07-23 1961-01-31 Gamewell Co Amplifier circuits

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL75180C (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1948-07-28
AT219169B (de) * 1957-02-18 1962-01-10 Elin Union Ag Röntgenapparat

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1115456A (en) * 1903-03-05 1914-10-27 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Electrical distribution system.
US2538718A (en) * 1946-08-06 1951-01-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction device for accelerating electrons
US2654838A (en) * 1947-09-06 1953-10-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Impulse circuit
US2970247A (en) * 1958-07-23 1961-01-31 Gamewell Co Amplifier circuits

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472755A (en) * 1982-03-09 1984-09-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Resonant circuit which provides dual frequency excitation for rapid cycling of an electromagnet
US4845732A (en) * 1986-02-17 1989-07-04 Roche Michel Apparatus and process for the production of bremsstrahlung from accelerated electrons
WO2010151206A1 (en) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Scandinova Systems Ab Improved particle accelerator and magnetic core arrangement for a particle accelerator
US20100327785A1 (en) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Scandinova Systems Ab Particle accelerator and magnetic core arrangement for a particle accelerator
CN102461345A (zh) * 2009-06-24 2012-05-16 斯堪的诺维亚系统公司 改进的粒子加速器和用于粒子加速器的磁芯装置
US8232747B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2012-07-31 Scandinova Systems Ab Particle accelerator and magnetic core arrangement for a particle accelerator
CN102461345B (zh) * 2009-06-24 2014-08-20 斯堪的诺维亚系统公司 改进的粒子加速器和用于粒子加速器的磁芯装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE639169A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH416865A (de) 1966-07-15
GB1059108A (en) 1967-02-15
DE1278625B (de) 1968-09-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3339107A (en) Direct current power supply
GB1264538A (enrdf_load_html_response)
US3229191A (en) Plural load inverter circuit
US1935464A (en) Electric valve circuits
US3373325A (en) Method of increasing the yield of accelerated particles in a betatron or synchrotron
US3207931A (en) Controllable alternating-current converter
US3391327A (en) Dual bridge converter circuitry
US3317811A (en) Programmable frequency multiplied square wave power supply
US3813594A (en) Magnetically controlled power supply having pulsating output current control
US3486102A (en) Multiple pulse,extended range controlled rectifier firing circuit
US3405327A (en) Pulse energizing and energy recovery system for an electromagnet
US2326677A (en) Ionic tube circuits
US3484676A (en) Firing circuit for controlled rectifier means
US3407348A (en) Logic and control circuit
US3825812A (en) Rectifier bridge silicon controlled rectifier trigger circuit
US3137810A (en) Controlled rectifier circuits
GB1286779A (en) Electric motor control circuit
US3406329A (en) Parallel inverter with rapid response time to changes in pulse durations
US3449655A (en) Saturable core transformer circuit
US3305757A (en) Power inverting network utilizing thyratronic switches controlled by a saturable transformer
US2660670A (en) Peaked voltage circuit
US2693567A (en) Electric translating apparatus
US2053431A (en) Vapor electric converter
US3059173A (en) Sub-harmonic signal generator employing a magnetic amplifier
SU1072213A1 (ru) Способ непосредственного преобразовани частоты