US3368885A - Methods of desulphiding a bath of metal - Google Patents

Methods of desulphiding a bath of metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3368885A
US3368885A US412598A US41259864A US3368885A US 3368885 A US3368885 A US 3368885A US 412598 A US412598 A US 412598A US 41259864 A US41259864 A US 41259864A US 3368885 A US3368885 A US 3368885A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bath
metal
gas
calcium carbide
melt
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Expired - Lifetime
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US412598A
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English (en)
Inventor
Volianik Nicolas
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Centre Technique des Industries de la Fonderie
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Centre Technique des Industries de la Fonderie
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • C22B9/103—Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents

Definitions

  • Molten metal is desulfurized by depositing powdered calcium carbide on the upper surface of the bath of molten metal and then blowing an inert gas into the bath below its surface at such a rate of ow as to cause violent turbulence in the bath producing eddies which draw the powdered calcium carbide from the upper surface and disperse it through the bath to elfect rapid desulfurizing thereof.
  • the operation takes but a few minutes and does not require heat to be applied to the molten metal to keep it molten.
  • the present invention relates to methods of desulfurizing a bath of metal, and has for an object, improvements therein.
  • a bath of metal may be desulfurized by depositing an alkaline oxide or carbonate on this bath and by agitating the whole by blowing in an inert gas such -as nitrogen.
  • this method can only be used if the bath of metal is contained in a container which has a neutral or basic coating, this condition beingabsolutely necessary to ensurethe reproducibility of the rate of desulfurization and to prevent the coating from being attacked, an occurrence likely to happen if this coating were Silico-aluminous.
  • a metal bath may be desulfurized by the injection of calcium carbide with the aid of a gas such as nitrogen.
  • the vessel containing the 4D bath can have an acid, basic or neutral coating.
  • the operation of this method is relatively complicated since it necessitates the use of injectors; besides this, it can become irregular in operation if the injectors become blocked.
  • This degree of turbulence is achieved by introducing the agitating gas into the melt at a velocity which is much higher than those used in the prior art.
  • the result of this procedure is to reduce the time necessary to produce a satisfactory desulphurization (e.g., a reduction of the sulphur content of the melt by 80%) from the 70 to 120 minutes required by Wynne to a period of 3 to 5 minutes, and in some cases to as little as two minutes.
  • the advantages resulting from such a decrease in the desulphurization time include a reduction in the quantity of gas used, and the elimination of the need for auxiliary heating means for maintaining the melt in a liquid state.
  • a still further object of this invention is to eliminate the need for auxiliary heating equipment to maintain a mass of metal in its liquid state during a desulphurizing process.
  • the present invention has for another object a method of desulfurizing a bath of metal the operation of which is very simple and can be carried out in a vessel with any type of covering which allows very high and regular rates of desulfurization to be obtained.
  • the method according to the invention essentially con. sists in depositing at one time all the required powdered calcium carbide directly on the surface of the bath, the granulation of the powder being'preferably comprised between 0.5 and l millimeter and in agitating very energetically by blowing in a gas by means of one or more tubes through one or more openings situated below the surface of the metal, arranged so as to bring about a random turbulence of the liquid metal.
  • the gas must be blown in through one or more tubes having openings of a section of the order of a square centimeter without any diaphragm, porous stoppers or any other regulating device being inserted.
  • the gas to be used may be an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, but air may be used since, when calcium carbide is used, oxygen will not change the chemical composition ofthe molten metal.
  • the velocity with which gas must be blown into the melt in order to produce the required degree of turbulence ⁇ does not have a unique value for all cases, but varies according to the quantity of metal being treated. However, the velocity required to achieve, for example, an 80% reduction in the sulphur content of the metal within a period of 3 to 5 minutes can be expressed as a linear function of the quantity of metal being treated.
  • w3 lllllllltes' volumetric ow rate of the gas for each tube can be eX- NOW thls Operatlonalspeed ls esselltlal lll Order lo pre ressed by the relation, vent the bath from cooling.
  • the treatment conp tainer or Crucible may with advantage be heat-insulated in @ZK order to slow down this cooling process.
  • the ladle or Crucible is DUraUOH (mmUeS)?17-90010 (3) again shown at 1, the compressed gas container at 7, Weight of C302 and the ow meter device at 6.
  • This device itself is PGICGH CCi--mlXlOO7-'O4@ connected to the container 7 through an intermediate tube 8 and a pressure reducer valve 9.
  • Three graphite (4) tubes 2 are here provided and are carried from a common where 0 equals the temperature of melt in degrees centi- 75 support 10 provided with a clamping arrangement 11, the
  • the respective tubes 2 are connected through tubes 15 with a feeder head 16 connected by a common flexible pipe 17 with the container and flowmeter 6.
  • the tubes 15 nally are connected at 19 with the tubes.
  • the ram 13 provides the possibility of controlling at will the downward and upward movements of the tubes 2 into the ladle and crucible and thereby accurately determining the duration of the process.
  • the apparatus may admit of a large number of modified embodiments, particularly as concerns the means for raising and lowering the tubes.
  • a method of desulfurizing a bath of molten metal comprising the steps of depositing powdered calcium carbide on the top surface of said bath, and blowing a gas into said bath below the surface thereof, for a period not exceeding l minutes, through at least one opening having an unobstructed cross sectional area of the order of 1 crn.2 at a rate of ow suflicient to cause violent turbulence in said bath producing eddies which draw the powdered calcium carbide from said top surface and disperse the same throughout the bath for ensuring the rapid desulfurizing of all the molten metal prior to cooling the latter.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US412598A 1960-08-18 1964-11-17 Methods of desulphiding a bath of metal Expired - Lifetime US3368885A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR836083A FR1274499A (fr) 1960-08-18 1960-08-18 Procédé de désulfuration d'un bain métallique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3368885A true US3368885A (en) 1968-02-13

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US412598A Expired - Lifetime US3368885A (en) 1960-08-18 1964-11-17 Methods of desulphiding a bath of metal

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3368885A (xx)
BE (1) BE605623A (xx)
ES (1) ES269099A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1274499A (xx)
GB (1) GB911066A (xx)
LU (1) LU40345A1 (xx)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3785632A (en) * 1969-03-17 1974-01-15 Rheinstahl Huettenwerke Ag Apparatus for accelerating metallurgical reactions
DE1758040B1 (de) * 1968-03-23 1974-07-18 Rheinstahl Huettenwerke Ag Verfahren zum Entschwefeln und Desoxydieren von kohlenstoffhaltigen Eisenschmelzen in einer Pfanne und Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchfuehrung
US3955966A (en) * 1974-03-06 1976-05-11 August Thyssen-Hutte Ag Method for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
US4066444A (en) * 1974-11-09 1978-01-03 Klockner-Werke Ag Process for deoxidizing steel by means of molten aluminum
US4078915A (en) * 1972-10-27 1978-03-14 Suddeutsche Kalkstickstoff-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and composition for the desulfurization of molten metals
US4232854A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-11-11 Barbakadze Dzhondo F Method of introducing powdered reagents into molten metals and apparatus for effecting same
USRE31676E (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-09-18 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
US6350295B1 (en) 2001-06-22 2002-02-26 Clayton A. Bulan, Jr. Method for densifying aluminum and iron briquettes and adding to steel

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1286506C (en) * 1987-02-13 1991-07-23 William Kevin Kodatsky Method of desulfurizing iron
JPS641779U (xx) * 1987-06-25 1989-01-06
US4781756A (en) * 1987-07-02 1988-11-01 Lithium Corporation Of America Removal of lithium nitride from lithium metal

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2577764A (en) * 1949-11-04 1951-12-11 Air Reduction Desulfurization of ferrous metals

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2577764A (en) * 1949-11-04 1951-12-11 Air Reduction Desulfurization of ferrous metals

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1758040B1 (de) * 1968-03-23 1974-07-18 Rheinstahl Huettenwerke Ag Verfahren zum Entschwefeln und Desoxydieren von kohlenstoffhaltigen Eisenschmelzen in einer Pfanne und Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchfuehrung
US3785632A (en) * 1969-03-17 1974-01-15 Rheinstahl Huettenwerke Ag Apparatus for accelerating metallurgical reactions
US4078915A (en) * 1972-10-27 1978-03-14 Suddeutsche Kalkstickstoff-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and composition for the desulfurization of molten metals
US3955966A (en) * 1974-03-06 1976-05-11 August Thyssen-Hutte Ag Method for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
US4066444A (en) * 1974-11-09 1978-01-03 Klockner-Werke Ag Process for deoxidizing steel by means of molten aluminum
US4232854A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-11-11 Barbakadze Dzhondo F Method of introducing powdered reagents into molten metals and apparatus for effecting same
USRE31676E (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-09-18 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
US6350295B1 (en) 2001-06-22 2002-02-26 Clayton A. Bulan, Jr. Method for densifying aluminum and iron briquettes and adding to steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1274499A (fr) 1961-10-27
GB911066A (en) 1962-11-21
BE605623A (fr) 1961-10-16
LU40345A1 (xx) 1961-09-04
ES269099A1 (es) 1961-12-01

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