US3368259A - Method of casting a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method of casting a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3368259A
US3368259A US270392A US27039263A US3368259A US 3368259 A US3368259 A US 3368259A US 270392 A US270392 A US 270392A US 27039263 A US27039263 A US 27039263A US 3368259 A US3368259 A US 3368259A
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United States
Prior art keywords
passageway
cylinder head
casting
internal combustion
combustion engine
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Expired - Lifetime
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US270392A
Inventor
Stevens Anthony
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Humber Ltd
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Humber Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4285—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of both intake and exhaust channel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/06—Casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making
    • Y10T29/49272—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making with liner, coating, or sleeve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
    • Y10T29/49306—Valve seat making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cast cylinders or cylinder heads for internal combustion engines of the kind having at least one valve port at one end of a passageway, the passageway being so curved, adjacent to the port, that the port lies in a plane which is oblique to the main body of the passageway.
  • the invention provides a cylinder or cylinder head of the above kind which is characterised in that, except for at least part of the inside of the curvature of the passageway, the passageway has a shape and section formed by two cores which can be withdrawn through the two ends of the passageway respectively and in that the said inside of the curvature, or part thereof, is provided by an annular insert around the port serving also as a seat for a poppet valve.
  • the invention further provides the method of manufacturing a cylinder or cylinder head as just defined which comprises the steps of casting the cylinder or head around two cores to form the passageway and port without forming the inside'of the curvature, withdrawing the cores, without destruction thereof, through the two ends of the passageway respectively, and inserting an annular insert into the port to provide the aforesaid inside the curvature and also a seating for a poppet valve.
  • the cross-section of the portion of the passageway formed by the core which is withdrawn through the port end of the passageway is larger, in one transverse dimension at least, than the crosssection of the other portion of the passageway.
  • the cross-section of the annular insert provides on the inside of the ring an inward chamfer on one end face to form the valve seating and a convexly curved surface on the other end to provide the said inside of the curvature of the passageway.
  • the curved surface may start at the inner edge of the chamfer and extend to the opposite end face of the annulus, and it may then merge, without abrupt change, into the passageway.
  • the annulus may be of cylindrical or slightly tapered form and be a force fit or shrunk fit in a counterbore in the casting.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a section through a part of a die-cast cylinder head
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 are part sections in a plane at right angles to that of FIGURE 1 on the centre line of the valve, and show how the cross-section of the passageway may be varied at this position without introducing unduly abrupt changes in the surface.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a section of a part of a modified diecast cylinder head similar to that shown in FIGURE 1,
  • FIGURE 5 is a section showing the modified insert in place
  • FIGURES 6 and 7 are part sections on the line 6-6 in FIGURE 5, showing different passageway sizes.
  • the passageway is cast using two non-destructible cores which interfit on the line C-D.
  • One core is'withdrawn, after casting, in the direction A and the other, which may be cylindrical with a slight taper, is withdrawn in the direction B.
  • the first core forms the outside of the curvature of the passageway in the region of the valve guide but the two cores leave a sharp corner at C.
  • An annular insert F is pressed or shrunk into a counterbore in the cast head. This has a curved surface EC which forms the inside of the curvature of the passageway.
  • the diameter of the passageway in the region of the valve is larger than the straight portion in order to allow for the volume occupied by the valve and its guide. Furthermore it is desirable to be able to vary the size of this part of the passageway.
  • FIG- URES 6 and 7 show (FIGURES 2 and 3 and also FIG- URES 6 and 7) how this may be done, using cores of different sizes for this part, without causing unduly sharp changes in the contour of the walls, due to the curvature of the surface EC.
  • the technique employed may use a combination of die-casting with solid cores for the ports and passageways and sandcasting for the remainder of the head.
  • annular insert which constitutes a lining for the passageway portion adjacent the bend and is of internally curved configuration in the axial direction to provide a curved formation for the inside of the bend.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Feb. 13, 1968 A. STEVENS 3,368,259
METHOD OF CASTING A CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 1;, 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 13, 1968 A. STEVENS 3,368,259
MFJTHOL) OFUASTING A CYLINDER HEAD F01: AN
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE l" 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet.
Filed April United States Patent METHOD OF CASTING A CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Anthony Stevens, Coventry, England, assignor to Humber Limited, Coventry, England, a British company Filed Apr. 3, 1963, Ser. No. 270,392 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Apr. 5, 1962, 13,210/62 2 Claims. (Cl. 29-156.7)
The invention relates to cast cylinders or cylinder heads for internal combustion engines of the kind having at least one valve port at one end of a passageway, the passageway being so curved, adjacent to the port, that the port lies in a plane which is oblique to the main body of the passageway.
The invention provides a cylinder or cylinder head of the above kind which is characterised in that, except for at least part of the inside of the curvature of the passageway, the passageway has a shape and section formed by two cores which can be withdrawn through the two ends of the passageway respectively and in that the said inside of the curvature, or part thereof, is provided by an annular insert around the port serving also as a seat for a poppet valve.
The invention further provides the method of manufacturing a cylinder or cylinder head as just defined which comprises the steps of casting the cylinder or head around two cores to form the passageway and port without forming the inside'of the curvature, withdrawing the cores, without destruction thereof, through the two ends of the passageway respectively, and inserting an annular insert into the port to provide the aforesaid inside the curvature and also a seating for a poppet valve.
In one form of the invention, the cross-section of the portion of the passageway formed by the core which is withdrawn through the port end of the passageway is larger, in one transverse dimension at least, than the crosssection of the other portion of the passageway.
Preferably the cross-section of the annular insert provides on the inside of the ring an inward chamfer on one end face to form the valve seating and a convexly curved surface on the other end to provide the said inside of the curvature of the passageway. The curved surface may start at the inner edge of the chamfer and extend to the opposite end face of the annulus, and it may then merge, without abrupt change, into the passageway.
Externally the annulus may be of cylindrical or slightly tapered form and be a force fit or shrunk fit in a counterbore in the casting.
It is an advantage of the above construction of insert that it allows of variation in the size of the adjacent portion of the passageway. Thus the sides or outer curved part of the passageway may extend to a greater or lesser extent over the convexly curved part of the annulus.
Two specific constructions according to the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 shows a section through a part of a die-cast cylinder head, and
FIGURES 2 and 3 are part sections in a plane at right angles to that of FIGURE 1 on the centre line of the valve, and show how the cross-section of the passageway may be varied at this position without introducing unduly abrupt changes in the surface.
FIGURE 4 shows a section of a part of a modified diecast cylinder head similar to that shown in FIGURE 1,
FIGURE 5 is a section showing the modified insert in place, and
FIGURES 6 and 7 are part sections on the line 6-6 in FIGURE 5, showing different passageway sizes.
In each of the constructions shown, the passageway is cast using two non-destructible cores which interfit on the line C-D. One core is'withdrawn, after casting, in the direction A and the other, which may be cylindrical with a slight taper, is withdrawn in the direction B. The first core forms the outside of the curvature of the passageway in the region of the valve guide but the two cores leave a sharp corner at C.
An annular insert F is pressed or shrunk into a counterbore in the cast head. This has a curved surface EC which forms the inside of the curvature of the passageway.
It is usually desirable that the diameter of the passageway in the region of the valve is larger than the straight portion in order to allow for the volume occupied by the valve and its guide. Furthermore it is desirable to be able to vary the size of this part of the passageway.
The drawings show (FIGURES 2 and 3 and also FIG- URES 6 and 7) how this may be done, using cores of different sizes for this part, without causing unduly sharp changes in the contour of the walls, due to the curvature of the surface EC.
It is not essential that the Whole head is die-cast. The technique employed may use a combination of die-casting with solid cores for the ports and passageways and sandcasting for the remainder of the head.
I claim:
1. In the manufacture of a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine the method of forming a passageway in the head which comprises the steps of:
(a) casting molten metal around a bent core composed of two straight core parts meeting at an obtuse angle, the two core parts being shaped around the outside only of the bend to merge into one another in a curve,
(b) allowing said molten metal to solidify,
(c) withdrawing the core parts axially away from one another to leave a bent passageway composed of two straight portions which make an obtuse angle and merge in a curve around the outside of the bend,
(d) inserting into one portion of the passageway and up to the bend therein an annular insert which constitutes a lining for the passageway portion adjacent the bend and is of internally curved configuration in the axial direction to provide a curved formation for the inside of the bend.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the annular insert serves also as a seat for a poppet valve.
References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS 321,321 11/1929 Great Britain. 744,250 11/ 1944 Germany.
JOHN F. CAMPBELL, Primary Examiner.
RICHARD WILKINSON, FRED E. ENGELTHALER,
I Examiners.
A. L. SMITH, PAUL M. COHEN, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE THE METHOD OF FORMING A PASSAGEWAY IN THE HEAD WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF: (A) CASTING MOLTEN METAL AROUND A BENT CORE COMPOSED OF TWO STRAIGHT CORE PARTS MEETING AT AN OBTUSE ANGLE, THE TWO CORE PARTS BEING SHAPED AROUND THE OUTSIDE ONLY OF THE BEND TO MERGE INTO ONE ANOTHER IN A CURVE, (B) ALLOWING SAID MOLTEN METAL TO SOLIDIFY, (C) WITHDRAWING THE CORE PARTS AXIALLY AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER TO LEAVE A BENT PASSAGEWAY COMPOSED OF TWO STRAIGHT PORTIONS WHICH MAKE ON ABTUSE ANGLE AND MERGE IN A CURVE AROUND THE OUTSIDE OF THE BEND,
US270392A 1962-04-05 1963-04-03 Method of casting a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3368259A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB13210/62A GB1042147A (en) 1962-04-05 1962-04-05 Improvements relating to cylinders or cylinder heads for internal combustion engines

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003012267A1 (en) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-13 Avl List Gmbh Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
US20080017359A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2008-01-24 Andreas Ludwig Heat Exchanger for an Air Heating Device
US20080201948A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2008-08-28 Andreas Ludwig Method For Producing A Heat Exchanger
US8910881B2 (en) 2004-11-26 2014-12-16 Webasto Ag Air heater for a motor vehicle

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1196870B (en) * 1986-12-23 1988-11-25 Fiat Auto Spa PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A VALVE SEAT

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB321321A (en) * 1928-10-06 1929-11-07 Marc Birkigt Improvements in or relating to valves of the mushroom type for internal combustion or other engines
DE744250C (en) * 1939-08-02 1944-11-17 Daimler Benz Ag Device to avoid damaging the exhaust valves from exhaust gases in high-performance internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB321321A (en) * 1928-10-06 1929-11-07 Marc Birkigt Improvements in or relating to valves of the mushroom type for internal combustion or other engines
DE744250C (en) * 1939-08-02 1944-11-17 Daimler Benz Ag Device to avoid damaging the exhaust valves from exhaust gases in high-performance internal combustion engines

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003012267A1 (en) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-13 Avl List Gmbh Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
US20040182351A1 (en) * 2001-08-02 2004-09-23 Franz Laimbock Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
US6880510B2 (en) 2001-08-02 2005-04-19 Avl List Gmbh Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
US20080017359A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2008-01-24 Andreas Ludwig Heat Exchanger for an Air Heating Device
US20080201948A1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2008-08-28 Andreas Ludwig Method For Producing A Heat Exchanger
US8910881B2 (en) 2004-11-26 2014-12-16 Webasto Ag Air heater for a motor vehicle

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