US336082A

US336082A - Chichester a

Info

Publication number: US336082A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1886-02-16
Anticipated expiration: 1903-02-16

Description

(No Model.)

0. A. BELL.

JET MICROPHONE 0R APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SOUNDS BY MEANS OF JETS.

No. 336,082. Patented Feb. 16, 1886.

w m w? APTwST N. PETERS Phmwumu m hur. wnmington, D. C.

- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHIGHESTER A. BELL, OF \VASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

JET MICROPHONE OR APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SOUNDS BY MEANS OF JETS.

ESPECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 336,082, dated February 16, 1886 Application filed May 1, 1884. Serial No. 129,948. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHICHES'IER A. BELL, of \Vashington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Jet Microphones or Apparatus for Transmitting Sounds by means of Jets, which provement is fully set forth in the following specification.

The invention has reference to new meth-- ods of and means for impressing forced movements or vibrations upon ajet or column of fluid issuing under pressure from a contracted orifice, and may be considered as in part an improvement upon or modification of methods and means for that purpose described in my application of even date herewith, oflicially numbered 129,946, for methods of and apparatns fortransmitting, reproducing, and recording speech and other sounds or signals, and for other purposes. In said application it is shown that a sensitive jet may have impressed upon it sound vibrations corresponding in form to sound-waves, and may convey the same to a suitable body or medium acted upon by it, and description is also given of many applications ot'a jet-translating apparatus for impressing these and other vibrations upon a suitable body or medium.

Many ways of impressing the forced movements upon the jet are therein described, but it is unnecessary to rehearse them here.

The present invention consists in impressing the vibrations upon thejet by the direct action upon the jettluid (gas or liquid) of an imponderable medium, such as light and other forms of radiant energy or electricity, (including magnetism,) and specially by the latter. These movements may take the form of sound-- waves, and may be utilized for the transmis' sion, recording, or rendering visible of speech and other sounds; or they may represent other signals or messages, such as tones, the dots and dashes of the Morse alphabet, and so on. If the jet is to be acted upon by radiant energy, it is preferably rendered more absorptive ofsuch energy. If it is to be acted upon by electricity,such preliminary preparation is not as necessary, although it may be resorted to. The peferred way. of; acting upon the jet by electricity is to discharge a current through the jet-fluid, but there are other ways.

The invention also consists in imparting vibration to the jet-fluid by a vibratory body immersed in said fluid behind thejet-orifice.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows a station apparatus for electric-telephone lines constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2, a jet-receiver for photophone-lines, and Figs. 3, 4, and 5 various arrangements for causing the imponderable medium to act upon the jet-fluid.

Referring to Fig. 1, the jet-tube A is supported in a groove in the block B by means of a cross piece or strap, 0, and is supplied with liquid (preferably water) from an elevated reservoir through the flexible tube E, a cook or other suitable means serving to control the pressure or head. The block B and the shelf on which the reservoir is supported are made fast to the back board, G. Immersed in the liquid in the jet-tube is the metal wire H, covered with insulating material, and terminating in a ball, I, which is not protected. The wire and ball are suspended from a stopper, which closes tightly the upper end of the jet-tube. The best material for the ball and wire is platinum; but other metals or conducting material may be used. Thelower end of the jet tube, at K, is covered with metal (preferably platinum) almost to the orifice in the end of tube A, which is of glass. The ball I and coating K are connected in secondary circuit of an induction-coil, so that the liquid will be subjected to the action of high-tension currents. These being discharged through the liquid, impress upon the jet vibrations which correspond to the electric impulse. The secondary circuit shown constitutes the main line, and the apparatus being the same at the several stations nndulatory currents are produced thereon corresponding in form to sound-waves,

and the vibrationsimpressed upon the jet are similar thereto. As shown, a telephone-transmitter, L, ofordinary or suitable construction, varies the circuit of a local battery, including the primary of the induction-coil. The vibrations impressed upon the jet may be received in any ordinary or suitable way. As shown, a tube, M, is supported by a cross-piece, O, in a groove in the face of block N, fastened to the back board, and the jet plays upon a membrane, P, of thin sheet-rubber secured over the upper end of the tube. A hearing-tube, Q, conveys the sound to the ear. The tubes loo A M are so adjusted that the continuous portion of the jet acts upon the stretched membrane. The discharge of the currents between the electrodes I K not only acts upon the liquid directly, but may also cause a vibration of the electrode I, which assists in imparting vibration to the jet.

In Fig. 3 the electrodes It S are both suspended in the liquid. They are in the form offlat plates, and are both capable of vibration. It is not necessary that the current should be passed through theliquid. The electrification thereof will alone vary the jet. Thus in Figs. 1 and 3 an insulating instead of a conducting liquidas, for example, paraiiine-oil-may be used, or in Fig. 1 the outer electrode may be omitted.

In Fig. 2 a lens is arranged to concentrate a beam of radiant energy uponthe jet at the orifice'in the tube. The gas which forms the jet is or may be rendered more absorptive of the radiant energy by charging it with water or other vapor. The beam is preferably concentrated upon the jet; but it may be transmitted to the gas behind the jet-orifice through the. transparent walls of the jet-tube. The radiant beam may be varied, intermitted, or thrown into vibrations similar in form to sound-waves in any ordinary or suitable way. The vibrations or forced movements of the jet are received by the ear-tube X, but may evidently be received in other ways, as described in my other applications of even date.

' herewith.

In. Fig. 4 the inner electrode, T, forms a coating inside the j et-tube, near the j et-orifice.

. In Fig. 5v the jet-tube U is of metal, and from one terminal of the secondary circuit of an induction-coil, which circuit is at the. other end connected to ground. The charged primary circuit of thecoil is adapted to be opened and closed intermittently by a rheotome comprising a tuned reed, 1, connected with one.- terminal of the circuit, and a contact-spring, 2, connected with the other. In both these devices the electrification of the liquid causes. the vibration of the jet without assistance from a. vibratory device or devices immersed in the jet-liquid, although there maybe a mechanical vibration impart-ed from one or both. electrodes. It' is evident that a vibrating device immersed in a jet-fluid can be used to vibrate the jetby mechanical vibration alone.

In operating with the apparatus. shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 4 aliquid of low conductive capacity (high resistance) is preferred. An insulating liquid-such as paraffiue oilmight, however, bev used. With the apparatus. shown in Fig- 5 an insulating-liquid. is preferred.

.Having now fully described my said invention and the. manner of carrying the. same. into'efi'ect, what I claim-.is-

l. The method of impressing forced movements. upon jets. by subjecting. the jetfluid to thedirect. action of an imponderahlemedium,

such as hereinbefore named, substantially as described.

2. The method of impressing forced vibrations upon a jet by subjecting the jet-fluid to the direct action of an imponderable vibratory medium upon which the desired vibrations have been impressed, substantially as described. v

3. Theimprovementin transmitting speech and other sounds and signals consisting in causing an imponderable medium to act directly upon the fluid composing a jet, and therebyimpressing upon said jet forced move ments representing the intelligence to be'conveyed. substantially as described.

4. The improvement in transmitting or transferring forced movements from an imponderable medium to another medium consisting in impressing said movements upon a jet composed of a liquid by the direct action of said imponderable medium upon the jetliquid, and causing the jet to act upon the second or receiving medium, substantially as described.

5. The method of impressing forced move ments or vibrations upon ajet byelectrifying the jet-fluid ina variable manner, substantially as described.

6. The method of transferring forced move ments or vibrations from one medlum .to another, consisting in producing a jet with a liqquid and electrifying in a variable manner the jet-liquid, substantially as described.

7. The method of impressing forced movements or vibrations on a jet by discharginga variable current of electricity through the jetfluid, substantially as described.

8. The method of impressing forced movements or vibrations ona jet by vibrating a.

device. or devices immersed in the jet-fluid, substantially as described.

9.. The method of impressing forced movements or vibrations on a. jet by variably electr-ifying the jet-fluid. and at the-same time and inv a corresponding manner vibrating a device or devices immersed in the jet-fluid, substantially as described.

. 10. In transmitting speech and otherintelligence by jets, the improvement consisti'ngin.

subjecting the jet-fluid, near the jet-orifice, to the directaction of an imponderable vibratory medium, such as specified, and causing the jet: toact: upon the receiving mediumv at a distance. from the jet-orifice, substantially as. de-: scribed.

11. In a jet translating apparatus, the combination, with means for producing a jet, of means for subjecting the jet-fluid to the direct action of animponderable vibratory medium, substantially as. described.

12. In a jet translating apparatus, one. or

more electrodes included in circuit with-a transmitter of vibrations, in combination-with means for producing a jet, said. electrodes be-- ing in contactwith the jet-fluid, substantially as described. 1

IIO

13. The combination, with the jet-tube, of electrodes operating to impressvibrations a vibratory device or devices placed in said upon the jet from said tube, according to the tube for communicating vibrations to the jet variations in potential on the electrodes, sub- I 5 fluid, substantially as described. stantia-lly as described.

5 14. The combination, with the jet-tube, of In testimony whereof I have signed this one or more electrodes placed in said tube, specification inthe presenceof two subscribing substantially as described. witnesses.

15. The combination, with the jet-tube and supply-tube, of one or more electrodes ar- CHIOHESTER BELL IO ranged to be in contact with the jet-fluid, the Witnesses:

line or circuit connected therewith, and a C. J. HEDRIoK, transmitter in the said line or circuit, said PHILIP MAURO.