US3350567A - Photoelectric attachment for spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus - Google Patents

Photoelectric attachment for spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3350567A
US3350567A US384485A US38448564A US3350567A US 3350567 A US3350567 A US 3350567A US 384485 A US384485 A US 384485A US 38448564 A US38448564 A US 38448564A US 3350567 A US3350567 A US 3350567A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
detectors
slits
spectral
spectrometric
focal plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US384485A
Inventor
Strasheim Albertus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
South African Inventions Development Corp
Original Assignee
South African Inventions Development Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by South African Inventions Development Corp filed Critical South African Inventions Development Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3350567A publication Critical patent/US3350567A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
    • G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus used in spectral analysis.
  • the spectral line be measured in isolation from the rest of the spectrum. This is done by positioning a detector having a slit, such that the slit is in register with the spectral line whose intensity is to be measured and in the focal plane of the spectrum, the slit being wide enough to allow only light from that line to pass through.
  • the light intensity passing through the slit may be measured by means of a photosensitive device, for example photomultiplier tube. In carrying out tests it is sometimes necessary to obtain readings for lines which are close together.
  • Apparatus previously used employed slits and photosensitive devices for measuring the intensity of a spectral line, the slits having semi-permanent settings over given spectral lines. These settings could be changed only with difliculty, to measure other lines.
  • Another apparatus employed a readily movable photosensitive device and slits. In both sets of apparatus, however, the physical dimensions of the parts in which the slits are provided, prevent the simultaneous measurement of two closely adjacent spectral lines.
  • Yet another apparatus employed means for moving the spectrum across a slit, together with an associated measuring device. This apparatus has the disadvantage that the necessary shift of the spectrum across the-slit occupies a finite time and the measure ments of adjacent lines are then separated by such finite time.
  • spectrometric apparatus includes at least two detectors spaced transversely relatively to each other across the width of the spectrum.
  • the apparatus may include displacing means for displacing the detectors longitudinally along the length of the spectrum, thereby permitting both detectors to be positioned such that their slits are simultaneously in register with a pair of closely spaced spectral lines, or in register with the same spectral line if desired.
  • the displacing means may be such that a detector can be positioned semi-permanently.
  • the detectors are arranged as an upper and a lower detector.
  • Guide means may be provided whereby each detector may be displaced across the full length of the spectrum independently of the other.
  • a detector may comprise a photomultiplier tube for Patented Oct. 31, 1967 measuring the intensity of the light, the light energy being then converted into electrical energy which may be measured directly, or which may be integrated and measured by known electronic techniques.
  • a detector comprising a photomultiplier tube may further comprise walls extending away from the slit and defining a passage or duct and a mirror or mirrors disposed transversely to the passage to reflect light entering the passage through the slit. into the photomultiplier tube.
  • a plurality of detectors may be arranged adjacent to another.
  • their ducts may be arranged to have their axes converging, mirrors being provided where necessary closely behind the slits at suitable inclinations to reflect the incident light rays entering the slits, along the ducts into their associated photomultiplier tubes.
  • FIGURE 1 shows diagrammatically a pair of opposing detectors in relation to a spectrum
  • FIGURE 2 shows a block diagram of appartus including a head having a set of detectors arranged in series and opposed to another set;
  • FIGURE 3 shows a plan view of a bank of detectors arranged adjacent one another in series.
  • reference numeral 10 refers generally to a spectrum, the various lines 12 corresponding to the various elements.
  • a detector indicated generally by reference numeral 14 comprises a passage or duct 15 defined by a front wall 16 having a slit 18, and walls 20 defining the passage across which is provided a mirror 22 (or mirrors 22 and 23), disposed at a suitable inclination to reflect light to the photomultiplier tube 24.
  • the two detectors shown are positionable independently of each other on closely spaced spectral lines and even on the same spectral line if desired.
  • FIGURE 2 a head 30 comprising two sets of detectors arranged in series and displaceable independently of one another.
  • the one set 32 serves the upper half 36 of the spectrum and the other set 34 serves the lower half 38.
  • a high voltage power supply 39 serves to energize the photomultiplier tubes 24 of the detectors 14.
  • the outputs of the several tubes 24 are connected to an integrator or profiler 40 which in turn has a direct reading meter 42 operatively connected to it, whereby the light intensity of the spectral lines may be measured.
  • FIGURE 3 of the drawings three detectors are shown, arranged in series, the detectors having ducts 15 whose axes converge towards the focal plane 10 of the spectrum.
  • duct- 15a is in line with the rays 50 of incident light
  • the rays 50 fall directly on mirror 22 of the detector having duct 15a, and the reflected rays 52 passing along ducts 15b and 15c fall on the mirrors 22 of those ducts.
  • the mirrors 22 reflect their incident rays to their associated photomultiplier tubes 24.
  • the slits 18 are disposed in the focal plane of the spectrum 10.
  • the convergent arrangement of the ducts makes it possible for the slits of the diflerent detectors to be closely positionable relative to one another.
  • the detectors 14 are supported by bar 54 and are positionable axially along it.
  • the detectors 14 are adjustable in position about their principal axes by means of arcuate slots 56.
  • This arrangement makes it possible for a plurality of detectors to be positioned to measure a number of spectral lines.
  • mirror 22 of a detector is of concave shape.
  • An attachment which includes (a) at least two spectrometric photodetectors, each having a slit,
  • the detectors (i) having each a mounting permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and in the focal plane, such that its slit is alignaole with different spectral lines in the said focal plane, and
  • An attachment which includes (a) a plurality of spectrometric photodetectors each having a slit;
  • the detectors (i) having each a mounting permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and in the focal plane such that its slit is alignable with different spectral lines in the said focal plane,
  • An attachment which includes (a) a plurality of spectrometric photodetectors each having a slit,
  • the detectors (i) having each a mountmg permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and and in the focal plane such that its slit is alignable with different spectral lines in the said focal plane,
  • spectrometric apparatus incorporating as integral parts at least two spectrometric photodetectors each having a slit and mounted such that the slits of the detectors are in the spectral focal plane of the said apparatus; the detectors having each a mounting permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and in the focal plane, such that its slit is alignable with different spectral lines'in the said focal plane, and having their slits spaced relatively to each other in a direction parallel to the dimension of the spectral lines such that the slits are alignable simultaneously with closely spaced spectral lines and even with a single spectral line, and such that independent observations can be made of a single spectral line by means of the said detectors.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)

Description

Oct. 31, 1967 A. STRASHEIM 3,350,567
PHOTOELECTRIC ATTACHMENT FOR SPECTROMETRIC OR SPECTROGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed July 22, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet l PHOTOM ULTIPLIEE TUBEEi Inventor Albertus Swosheim By Eat/(5 m Allorne y Oct. 31, 1967 A. STRASHEIM TACHMENT FOR SPECTROMETRIC 0R SPECTROGRAPHIC APPARATUS PHOTOELECTRIC AT Filed July 22. 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor Albertus Stmsheim QQR UINNINQ By 76421. CO. Eco/ 65 A Home y United States Patent ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE spectrometric apparatus which includes a plurality of I detectors spaced transversely relatively to each other across the width of the spectrum, and such that independent observations can be made along the length of a single spectral line by means of the said detectors.
This invention relates to spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus used in spectral analysis.
In order that effective measurement of the light intensity of a spectral line for a given element may be made,
it is necessary that the spectral line be measured in isolation from the rest of the spectrum. This is done by positioning a detector having a slit, such that the slit is in register with the spectral line whose intensity is to be measured and in the focal plane of the spectrum, the slit being wide enough to allow only light from that line to pass through. The light intensity passing through the slit may be measured by means of a photosensitive device, for example photomultiplier tube. In carrying out tests it is sometimes necessary to obtain readings for lines which are close together.
Apparatus previously used employed slits and photosensitive devices for measuring the intensity of a spectral line, the slits having semi-permanent settings over given spectral lines. These settings could be changed only with difliculty, to measure other lines. Another apparatus employed a readily movable photosensitive device and slits. In both sets of apparatus, however, the physical dimensions of the parts in which the slits are provided, prevent the simultaneous measurement of two closely adjacent spectral lines. Yet another apparatus employed means for moving the spectrum across a slit, together with an associated measuring device. This apparatus has the disadvantage that the necessary shift of the spectrum across the-slit occupies a finite time and the measure ments of adjacent lines are then separated by such finite time.
It is an object of this invention to provide means for measuring two closely adjacent spectral lines, or even to conduct independent measurements on the same spectral line.
According to the invention, spectrometric apparatus includes at least two detectors spaced transversely relatively to each other across the width of the spectrum.
The apparatus may include displacing means for displacing the detectors longitudinally along the length of the spectrum, thereby permitting both detectors to be positioned such that their slits are simultaneously in register with a pair of closely spaced spectral lines, or in register with the same spectral line if desired. The displacing means may be such that a detector can be positioned semi-permanently.
When the spectrum is spread horizontally, the detectors are arranged as an upper and a lower detector.
Guide means may be provided whereby each detector may be displaced across the full length of the spectrum independently of the other.
A detector may comprise a photomultiplier tube for Patented Oct. 31, 1967 measuring the intensity of the light, the light energy being then converted into electrical energy which may be measured directly, or which may be integrated and measured by known electronic techniques. A detector comprising a photomultiplier tube may further comprise walls extending away from the slit and defining a passage or duct and a mirror or mirrors disposed transversely to the passage to reflect light entering the passage through the slit. into the photomultiplier tube.
If desired, a plurality of detectors may be arranged adjacent to another. In order to secure close positioning of the slits of adjacent detectors, their ducts may be arranged to have their axes converging, mirrors being provided where necessary closely behind the slits at suitable inclinations to reflect the incident light rays entering the slits, along the ducts into their associated photomultiplier tubes.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 shows diagrammatically a pair of opposing detectors in relation to a spectrum;
FIGURE 2 shows a block diagram of appartus including a head having a set of detectors arranged in series and opposed to another set; and
FIGURE 3 shows a plan view of a bank of detectors arranged adjacent one another in series.
Referring to FIGURE 1 of the drawings, reference numeral 10 refers generally to a spectrum, the various lines 12 corresponding to the various elements. A detector indicated generally by reference numeral 14 comprises a passage or duct 15 defined by a front wall 16 having a slit 18, and walls 20 defining the passage across which is provided a mirror 22 (or mirrors 22 and 23), disposed at a suitable inclination to reflect light to the photomultiplier tube 24.
The two detectors shown are positionable independently of each other on closely spaced spectral lines and even on the same spectral line if desired.
In FIGURE 2 is shown a head 30 comprising two sets of detectors arranged in series and displaceable independently of one another. The one set 32 serves the upper half 36 of the spectrum and the other set 34 serves the lower half 38.
A high voltage power supply 39 serves to energize the photomultiplier tubes 24 of the detectors 14. The outputs of the several tubes 24 are connected to an integrator or profiler 40 which in turn has a direct reading meter 42 operatively connected to it, whereby the light intensity of the spectral lines may be measured.
Referring to FIGURE 3 of the drawings, three detectors are shown, arranged in series, the detectors having ducts 15 whose axes converge towards the focal plane 10 of the spectrum. It will be noted that duct- 15a is in line with the rays 50 of incident light, whereas ducts 15b and are provided with mirrors 23 closely spaced behind the respective slits 18 to reflect the light along the ducts 15b and 15c. The rays 50 fall directly on mirror 22 of the detector having duct 15a, and the reflected rays 52 passing along ducts 15b and 15c fall on the mirrors 22 of those ducts. The mirrors 22 reflect their incident rays to their associated photomultiplier tubes 24.
The slits 18 are disposed in the focal plane of the spectrum 10. The convergent arrangement of the ducts makes it possible for the slits of the diflerent detectors to be closely positionable relative to one another. The detectors 14 are supported by bar 54 and are positionable axially along it.
The detectors 14 are adjustable in position about their principal axes by means of arcuate slots 56.
This arrangement makes it possible for a plurality of detectors to be positioned to measure a number of spectral lines.
As will be noted from FIGURE 3 of the drawings, the
mirror 22 of a detector is of concave shape.
I claim:
1. An attachment which includes (a) at least two spectrometric photodetectors, each having a slit,
(b) means for attaching it to spectrometric apparatus such that the slits of the detectors are in the spectral focal plane of the said apparatus,
(c) the detectors (i) having each a mounting permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and in the focal plane, such that its slit is alignaole with different spectral lines in the said focal plane, and
(ii) having their slits spaced relatively to each other in a direction parallel to the dimension of the spectral lines, such that the slits are alignable simultaneously with closely spaced spectral lines and even with a single spectral line, and such that independent observations can be made of a single spectral line by means of the said detectors.
2. An attachment which includes (a) a plurality of spectrometric photodetectors each having a slit;
(b) means for attaching it to spectrometric apparatus such that the slits of the detectors are in the spectral focal plane of the said apparatus;
(c) the detectors (i) having each a mounting permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and in the focal plane such that its slit is alignable with different spectral lines in the said focal plane,
(ii) having their slits spaced relatively to each other in a direction parallel to the dimension of the spectral lines such that the slits are alignable simultaneously with closely spaced spectral lines and even with a single spectral line, and such that independent observations can be made of a single spectral line by means of the said detectors,
(iii) being arranged in at least two banks spaced along the dimension of a spectral line, a plurality of detectors being provided in. each bank,
(iv) having each a duct in which its slit is provided at one end of the duct,
(v) in a bank having their ducts converging toward the said focal plane, at least some of the ducts having mirrors behind the slits to reflect along the ducts, incident light entering their slits.
3. An attachment which includes (a) a plurality of spectrometric photodetectors each having a slit,
(b) means for attaching it to spectrometric apparatus such that the slits of the detectors are in the spectral focal plane of the said apparatus,
(c) the detectors (i) having each a mountmg permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and and in the focal plane such that its slit is alignable with different spectral lines in the said focal plane,
(ii) having their slits spaced relatively to each other in a direction parallel to the dimension of the spectral lines such that the slits are alignable simultaneously with closely spaced spectral lines and even with a single spectral line, and such that independent observations can be made of a single spectral line by means of the said detectors,
(iii) being arranged in at least two banks, spaced along the dimension of a spectral line, a plurality of detectors being provided in each bank,
(iv) having each a duct in which its slit is provided at one end,
(v) in a bank having their ducts converging toward the said focal plane, at least some of the ducts having mirrors behind their slits to reflect along the ducts, incident light entering their slits, the ducts being adjustable relative to the detector mountings so as to provide adjustability in their inclination to the focal plane.
4. spectrometric apparatus incorporating as integral parts at least two spectrometric photodetectors each having a slit and mounted such that the slits of the detectors are in the spectral focal plane of the said apparatus; the detectors having each a mounting permitting its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of the spectral lines and in the focal plane, such that its slit is alignable with different spectral lines'in the said focal plane, and having their slits spaced relatively to each other in a direction parallel to the dimension of the spectral lines such that the slits are alignable simultaneously with closely spaced spectral lines and even with a single spectral line, and such that independent observations can be made of a single spectral line by means of the said detectors.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,279,646 4/ 1942 Smith 250226 X 2,446,874 8/1948 Geffner et al. 88-14 2,946,253 7/1960 Clark 250227 X 2,975,669 3/1961 Jarrell et al. 88-445 RALPH G. NILSON, Primary Examiner.
J. D. WALL, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN ATTACHMENT WHICH INCLUDES (A) AT LEAST TWO SPECTROMETRIC PHOTODETECTORS, EACH HAVING A SLIT, (B) MEANS FOR ATTACHING IT TO SPECTROMETRIC APPARATUS SUCH THAT THE SLITS OF THE DETECTORS ARE IN THE SPECTRAL FOCAL PLANE OF THE SAID APPARATUS, (C) THE DETECTORS (I) HAVING EACH A MOUNTING PERMITTING ITS DISPLACEMENT IN A DIRECTION PERPENDICULAR TO THE LONGITUDINAL DIMENSION OF THE SPECTRAL LINES AND IN THE FOCAL PLANE, SUCH THAT ITS SLIT IS ALIGNABLE WITH DIFFERENT SPECTRAL LINES IN THE SAID FOCAL PLANE, AND (II) HAVING THEIR SLITS SPACED RELATIVELY TO EACH OTHER IN A DIRECTION PARALLEL TO THE DIMENSION OF THE SPECTRAL LINES, SUCH THAT THE SLITS ARE ALIGNABLE SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH CLOSELY SPACED SPECTRAL LINES AND EVEN WITH A SINGLE SPECTRAL LINE, AND SUCH THAT INDEPENDENT OBSERVATIONS CAN BE MADE OF A SINGLE SPECTRAL LINE BY MEANS OF THE SAID DETECTORS.
US384485A 1963-07-23 1964-07-22 Photoelectric attachment for spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3350567A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB29192/63A GB989922A (en) 1963-07-23 1963-07-23 Improvements in and relating to spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3350567A true US3350567A (en) 1967-10-31

Family

ID=10287621

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US384485A Expired - Lifetime US3350567A (en) 1963-07-23 1964-07-22 Photoelectric attachment for spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3350567A (en)
DE (1) DE1906244U (en)
GB (1) GB989922A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110648A (en) * 1953-10-02 1963-11-12 Ruhrchemie Ag Chlorinated 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8-hexachloro-4, 7-methylene-3alpha, 4, 7, 7alpha-tetrahydroindane
US4049353A (en) * 1976-08-11 1977-09-20 Spectrametrics, Incorporated Spectrometric system and cassette
US4285594A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-08-25 Helena Laboratories Corporation Optical system for densitometer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2279646A (en) * 1939-01-31 1942-04-14 Frank P Smith Device for making spectral analyses
US2446874A (en) * 1944-05-11 1948-08-10 Fisher Scientific Co Electronic apparatus for spectrographic analysis
US2946253A (en) * 1955-10-31 1960-07-26 Jr Melville Clark Photoelectric apparatus for generating musical tones
US2975669A (en) * 1954-08-26 1961-03-21 Jarrell Ash Company Crossed dispersion photographic spectrometer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2279646A (en) * 1939-01-31 1942-04-14 Frank P Smith Device for making spectral analyses
US2446874A (en) * 1944-05-11 1948-08-10 Fisher Scientific Co Electronic apparatus for spectrographic analysis
US2975669A (en) * 1954-08-26 1961-03-21 Jarrell Ash Company Crossed dispersion photographic spectrometer
US2946253A (en) * 1955-10-31 1960-07-26 Jr Melville Clark Photoelectric apparatus for generating musical tones

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110648A (en) * 1953-10-02 1963-11-12 Ruhrchemie Ag Chlorinated 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8-hexachloro-4, 7-methylene-3alpha, 4, 7, 7alpha-tetrahydroindane
US4049353A (en) * 1976-08-11 1977-09-20 Spectrametrics, Incorporated Spectrometric system and cassette
US4285594A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-08-25 Helena Laboratories Corporation Optical system for densitometer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1906244U (en) 1964-12-10
GB989922A (en) 1965-04-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
SE428972B (en) DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE EVENT OF FLUATING, SOLID OR LIQUID PARTICLES IN A GAS
US3558898A (en) Flow measurement system using time correlation of two photocell signals
US3463927A (en) Apparatus for measuring absorbance differences
US3454769A (en) Two-colour radiation ratio pyrometer
US3350567A (en) Photoelectric attachment for spectrometric or spectrographic apparatus
US3003064A (en) Infrared dimensional gage
US3344703A (en) Laser detector
Petzold et al. An underwater transmissometer for ocean survey work
US3340763A (en) Angular measuring device for light beams
US3454772A (en) Photoelectric monitoring system for holding the object plane in proper focus
US2522976A (en) Electrical ratio-measuring system
CN205642633U (en) Temperature measurement equipment and system based on ray radiation
US3814520A (en) Method of, and apparatus for gauging, inspecting or measuring physical properties of objects
US4346992A (en) Laser detector and spectral analyzer
CN201903399U (en) Illumination radiation thermometer
US2145147A (en) Photoelectric measuring apparatus
US2984148A (en) Measuring apparatus
US3222930A (en) Spectropyrometer apparatus and method
Hardy High Resolution in the Infrared
US3137170A (en) Infrared telethermometer
US3080483A (en) Infrared signal generator
US5084621A (en) Radiometric standard infrared detector
US1877501A (en) Trations
US2871758A (en) Devices for measuring the temperature of a gaseous fluid and in particular of a flame
RU2366909C1 (en) Multichannel device for measurement of pyrometric characteristics