US3346932A - Methods for relaxing synthetic fiber filaments - Google Patents

Methods for relaxing synthetic fiber filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3346932A
US3346932A US485376A US48537665A US3346932A US 3346932 A US3346932 A US 3346932A US 485376 A US485376 A US 485376A US 48537665 A US48537665 A US 48537665A US 3346932 A US3346932 A US 3346932A
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filaments
relaxing
bundle
synthetic fiber
gas
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US485376A
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Jr Dudley W Cheape
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Monsanto Co
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Monsanto Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
    • D01D10/0436—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement
    • D01D10/0481—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement the filaments passing through a tube
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02—Heat treatment

Definitions

  • the method of this invention comprises relaxing a bundle of synthetic filaments by advancing the filaments along a path, applying a heated gas to the filaments at some point in the path and agitating the heated gas by creating sonic vibrations therein.
  • This invention relates to methods for relaxing synthetic fiber filaments and more particularly to methods for continuously relaxing continuous synthetic fiber filaments.
  • One method of relaxing synthetic fibers consists of placing the fibers as a loose bundle or package into a steam autoc ave and subjecting the fiber to saturated steam. This method yields a satisfactory fiber product, but has the disadvantage of being a batch process which interrupts the otherwise continuous process of spinning and packaging the fiber. This batch relaxation process therefore results in increased handling of the fiber and increased manufacturing costs.
  • the synthetic fiber can be continuously relaxed by treating with a heated gas such as steam or hot air. Since this treatment is carried out essentially at atmospheric pressure, it is not necessary to seal the treating zone.
  • a heated gas such as steam or hot air.
  • bafiles may be placed in the tube to direct the gas flow repeatedly through the fiber bundle. Unfortunately this technique has not been very effective when attempting to relax larger tow bundles having in excess of 500 filaments or 6500 total denier.
  • one of the objects of this invention is therefore to provide a method for continuously relaxing synthetic fiber filaments.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method for continuously relaxing continuous lengths of synthetic fiber tows or yarns in hot gas.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a method for hot gas relaxation of continuous lengths of synthetic tows or yarns having a large number of filaments or a large total denier.
  • the objects of this invention are generally accomplished by subjecting the synthetic filaments while in a relaxed state to heated gas and sonic vibrations. More specifically, bundles of fibers as a tow or yarn in continuous filament form are passed through an apparatus into which the heated gas is introduced.
  • the gas under low velocity conditions contacts the fiber in a field of sonic vibrations.
  • the sonic vibrations enhance the transfer of heat from the gas to the fiber to effect greater relaxation of the fiber.
  • a gas under low velocity it is meant any velocity which is low enough that tension applied to the filaments by the moving gas will not prevent relaxation of the filarnents.
  • Actual acceptable gas velocities are dependent upon the number of filaments, and the temperature of the heated gas.
  • the sonic waves may be generated by gas flow across a resonating cavity. Since heated gas is required in the practice of this invention, it is convenient to use this same gas as the sound generating means.
  • FIGURES 1-3 show different types of apparatus which may be utilized for applying an agitated and heated gas to the bundle of filaments to thereby carry out the process of the present invention.
  • a synthetic fiber bundle 11 is fed from a first set of rolls 12 through the relaxing zone onto a second set of rolls 13, the peripheral speed of the rolls 13 being 20 to 40 percent less than the peripheral speed of the rolls 12 to allow for the relaxation and shrinkage of the filaments.
  • the bundle 11 of synthetic filaments is subjected to a heated gas which is agitated by sonic vibrations.
  • the apparatus is provided with a central tube 15 through which the bundle 11 of filaments passes.
  • the tube 15 is surrounded by a manifold 16 having an inlet line 17 and an exhaust opening 18 positioned near the end of the tube 15.
  • a heated gas such as hot air or steam is passed from the inlet line 17 through the manifold 16 and out the exhaust opening 18 into the vicinity of the bundle 11 of filaments.
  • the heated gas, in leaving the manifold 16, passes over a resonating cavity 29 built into the end of the manifold 16. Both the exhaust opening 18 and the resonating cavity 20 extend completely around the manifold 16.
  • a bell 21 secured to the end of the manifold 16 extends along the path of the bundle 11 so as to confine the heated gas to the area surrounding the bundle 11 and to focus the vibrations generated by the resonating cavity 20 on the bundle of filaments.
  • the depth of the resonating cavity 20 will determine the frequency of sonic vibration.
  • the sonic frequency range may be from 1 to 30 kc. but it is preferably from 10 to 20 kc. It will readily be seen that the bell 21 confines the sonic Vibrations and the heated gas to an area surrounding the bundle of filaments.
  • FIGURE 3 shows another type of apparatus which may be utilized to perform the process of the present invention.
  • the bundle 11 of filaments passes through a bell 25 having at one end thereof a manifold 26 which communicates with the interior of the bell 25 by Way of an opening 27 for the admission of a heated gas to the interior of the bell 25.
  • An electrically operated sonic generator 29 is mounted on the bell 25 for generating Zopic vibrations in the heated gas passing through the The sound waves serve to increase the heat transfer bedissipating the air film surrounding the individual filaments and by agitating the stagnant air trapped between filaments in the fiber bundle.
  • the sonic effect is enhanced by focusing the sound waves on the fiber travel path by means of the bell 21.
  • the method of this invention is useful in the heat treating of any continuous length of synthetic fiber material,
  • the method is effective to continuously relax or shrink these filamentary materials to improve their physical or chemical properties. It is also useful for bulking or crimping heat crimpable multicomponents of conjugate spun yarns.
  • the method of relaxing a bundle of synthetic fiber filaments comprising advancing the bundle of filaments along a predetermined path, passing a heated gas over the bundle of filaments, creating sonic vibrations in the heated gas to agitate said gas and thereby better dissipate stagnant 4 air inside said bundle, said sonic vibrations being created at points positioned along a circular line concentric with said path so that the bundle of filaments is subjected to sonic vibrations from all sides, and focusing said vibrations onto said path.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Description

METHODS FOR RELAXING SYNTHETIC FIBER FILAMENTS Filed Sept. 7, 1965 a INVENTOR.
UUDLE V AC CHEAPE, JR
ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,346,932 METHODS FGR RELAXING SYNTHETIC FIBER FILAMENTS Dudley W. Cheape, J12, Decatur, Ala., assignor to Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware Filed Sept. 7, 1965, Ser. No. 485,376 1 Claim. (CI. 2872) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The method of this invention comprises relaxing a bundle of synthetic filaments by advancing the filaments along a path, applying a heated gas to the filaments at some point in the path and agitating the heated gas by creating sonic vibrations therein.
This invention relates to methods for relaxing synthetic fiber filaments and more particularly to methods for continuously relaxing continuous synthetic fiber filaments.
It is well known in the art that acrylonitrile filaments which have been highly oriented by stretching must be relaxed to improve their physical properties and dyeability before being converted to textile goods. Unrelaxed fibers are characterized by poor dyeability, poor abrasion resistance and high fibrillation. Relaxation of synthetic fibers is generally accomplished by heating the fiber While it is in an untensioned state to cause shrinkage and the desired improvement in textile properties. Shrinkage in the order of 20 to 40 percent is commonly associated with the relaxation of the fiber.
One method of relaxing synthetic fibers consists of placing the fibers as a loose bundle or package into a steam autoc ave and subjecting the fiber to saturated steam. This method yields a satisfactory fiber product, but has the disadvantage of being a batch process which interrupts the otherwise continuous process of spinning and packaging the fiber. This batch relaxation process therefore results in increased handling of the fiber and increased manufacturing costs.
Many designs for continuous relaxation chambers have been proposed. Most of these involve a steam pressure vessel with elaborate sealing means for feeding the synthetic fiber into and out of the chamber. Because of the fragile nature of the synthetic fiber tow or yarn bundle, which must not be abraded or entangled during relaxation, and because of the difiiculty of sealing the chamber, continuous relaxation pressure chambers have not found wide acceptance in the synthetic fiber industry.
More recently it has been found that the synthetic fiber can be continuously relaxed by treating with a heated gas such as steam or hot air. Since this treatment is carried out essentially at atmospheric pressure, it is not necessary to seal the treating zone. The relaxation of small tows in the order of 300 filaments and 4500 total denier has been successfully accomplished by simply passing the tow with a concurrent flow of hot gas through a tube. To enhance the heat transfer to the fibers, bafiles may be placed in the tube to direct the gas flow repeatedly through the fiber bundle. Unfortunately this technique has not been very effective when attempting to relax larger tow bundles having in excess of 500 filaments or 6500 total denier. This difiiculty arises due to insutficient heat transfer to the filaments and due to the tension applied to the filaments as a result of the increased gas flows required. With this in mind, one of the objects of this invention is therefore to provide a method for continuously relaxing synthetic fiber filaments.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for continuously relaxing continuous lengths of synthetic fiber tows or yarns in hot gas.
3,346,932 Patented Get. 17, 1967 A further object of this invention is to provide a method for hot gas relaxation of continuous lengths of synthetic tows or yarns having a large number of filaments or a large total denier.
The objects of this invention are generally accomplished by subjecting the synthetic filaments while in a relaxed state to heated gas and sonic vibrations. More specifically, bundles of fibers as a tow or yarn in continuous filament form are passed through an apparatus into which the heated gas is introduced. The gas under low velocity conditions contacts the fiber in a field of sonic vibrations. The sonic vibrations enhance the transfer of heat from the gas to the fiber to effect greater relaxation of the fiber. By a gas under low velocity, it is meant any velocity which is low enough that tension applied to the filaments by the moving gas will not prevent relaxation of the filarnents. Actual acceptable gas velocities are dependent upon the number of filaments, and the temperature of the heated gas. The sonic waves may be generated by gas flow across a resonating cavity. Since heated gas is required in the practice of this invention, it is convenient to use this same gas as the sound generating means.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent when the following detailed description is read in conjunction with the drawing, in which:
FIGURES 1-3 show different types of apparatus which may be utilized for applying an agitated and heated gas to the bundle of filaments to thereby carry out the process of the present invention.
Referring now in detail to the drawing, a synthetic fiber bundle 11 is fed from a first set of rolls 12 through the relaxing zone onto a second set of rolls 13, the peripheral speed of the rolls 13 being 20 to 40 percent less than the peripheral speed of the rolls 12 to allow for the relaxation and shrinkage of the filaments. In the relaxation zone between the rolls 12 and 13 the bundle 11 of synthetic filaments is subjected to a heated gas which is agitated by sonic vibrations.
In the apparatus shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 movement of the heated gas is utilized to create sonic vibrations which agitate the gas. The apparatus is provided with a central tube 15 through which the bundle 11 of filaments passes. The tube 15 is surrounded by a manifold 16 having an inlet line 17 and an exhaust opening 18 positioned near the end of the tube 15. A heated gas such as hot air or steam is passed from the inlet line 17 through the manifold 16 and out the exhaust opening 18 into the vicinity of the bundle 11 of filaments. The heated gas, in leaving the manifold 16, passes over a resonating cavity 29 built into the end of the manifold 16. Both the exhaust opening 18 and the resonating cavity 20 extend completely around the manifold 16. A bell 21 secured to the end of the manifold 16 extends along the path of the bundle 11 so as to confine the heated gas to the area surrounding the bundle 11 and to focus the vibrations generated by the resonating cavity 20 on the bundle of filaments.
The depth of the resonating cavity 20 will determine the frequency of sonic vibration. The sonic frequency range may be from 1 to 30 kc. but it is preferably from 10 to 20 kc. It will readily be seen that the bell 21 confines the sonic Vibrations and the heated gas to an area surrounding the bundle of filaments.
FIGURE 3 shows another type of apparatus which may be utilized to perform the process of the present invention. In this apparatus the bundle 11 of filaments passes through a bell 25 having at one end thereof a manifold 26 which communicates with the interior of the bell 25 by Way of an opening 27 for the admission of a heated gas to the interior of the bell 25. An electrically operated sonic generator 29 is mounted on the bell 25 for generating Zopic vibrations in the heated gas passing through the The sound waves serve to increase the heat transfer bedissipating the air film surrounding the individual filaments and by agitating the stagnant air trapped between filaments in the fiber bundle. The sonic effect is enhanced by focusing the sound waves on the fiber travel path by means of the bell 21.
The method of this invention is useful in the heat treating of any continuous length of synthetic fiber material,
such as the polyarnides, polyesters, polyurethanes, and polyacrylonitrile based fibers. The method is effective to continuously relax or shrink these filamentary materials to improve their physical or chemical properties. It is also useful for bulking or crimping heat crimpable multicomponents of conjugate spun yarns.
It is to be understood that the embodiment disclosed herein may be altered or amended and that other embodirnents can be contemplated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
The method of relaxing a bundle of synthetic fiber filaments, comprising advancing the bundle of filaments along a predetermined path, passing a heated gas over the bundle of filaments, creating sonic vibrations in the heated gas to agitate said gas and thereby better dissipate stagnant 4 air inside said bundle, said sonic vibrations being created at points positioned along a circular line concentric with said path so that the bundle of filaments is subjected to sonic vibrations from all sides, and focusing said vibrations onto said path.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,986,945 1/1935 Schwartz et a1 28-72 2,433,842 1/1948 Griffin 341 2,622,961 12/1952 Finlayson et a1. 8149.3 2,645,031 7/1953 Edwards 34-48 2,740,202 4/1956 Fowle 3418 2,943,377 7/1960 Freiberger 28-72 3,192,649 7/1965 Powell 34-155 3,209,467 10/1965 Taylor 34-155 3,211,159 10/1965 Goble 28--72 3,230,637 1/1966 Taylor 34156 3,254,424 6/1966 Goble 3497 3,304,593 2/1967 Burblunt 28-72 MERVIN STEIN, Primmy Examiner.
L. K. RIMRODT, Assistant Examiner.
US485376A 1965-09-07 1965-09-07 Methods for relaxing synthetic fiber filaments Expired - Lifetime US3346932A (en)

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3447210A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-06-03 Monsanto Co Orifice with foraminate means
US3478398A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-11-18 Monsanto Co Yarn jet apparatus
US3484914A (en) * 1966-06-13 1969-12-23 Bemberg Spa Method and means for treating with a gasiform stream a thread bundle made of a plurality of elementary threads
US3534453A (en) * 1967-03-23 1970-10-20 Michel S M Lefebvre Process for converting textile threads
US3548469A (en) * 1967-11-16 1970-12-22 Bayer Ag Method of and an apparatus for crimping synthetic yarns
US3640063A (en) * 1968-09-13 1972-02-08 Basf Ag Process and apparatus for crimping yarns and the like
US3644968A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-29 Ici Ltd Apparatus for relaxing yarns
US3668785A (en) * 1969-08-18 1972-06-13 Dominian Eng Works Ltd Integrated drying processes and apparatus
US3694926A (en) * 1969-07-07 1972-10-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Sonic drying of webs
US3724088A (en) * 1970-01-21 1973-04-03 Omnium De Prospective Ind Sa Process using shock waves for the continuous treatment of threads
US3808652A (en) * 1968-12-31 1974-05-07 D Elliott Treatment of yarns
US3851403A (en) * 1972-04-19 1974-12-03 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for conditioning sheets of photosensitive materials
US3863360A (en) * 1971-10-28 1975-02-04 Agfa Gevaert Ag Sheet drying apparatus
US4001053A (en) * 1972-04-21 1977-01-04 Eim Electric Co., Ltd. Method of removing residual stress of a work formed of metal or ceramic and a sealing apparatus
DE2810178A1 (en) * 1975-07-26 1979-09-13 Babcock Bsh Ag Fabric fulling process - uses throttled surge of treatment medium delivered from jets to moving fabric
US5599229A (en) * 1995-05-08 1997-02-04 Midwest Research Institute Enhancement of wall jet transport properties
WO2002033337A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-25 Starlinger & Co. Gesellschaft M.B.H. Device and method for the drying of plastic webs
WO2016014960A1 (en) 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Heat Technologies, Inc. Acoustic-assisted heat and mass transfer device
US10006704B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2018-06-26 Heat Technologies, Inc. Ultrasonic drying system and method
US10488108B2 (en) 2014-07-01 2019-11-26 Heat Technologies, Inc. Indirect acoustic drying system and method

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1986945A (en) * 1931-03-12 1935-01-08 Du Pont Wool substitutes and process of spinning short filaments of cellulose derivatives
US2433842A (en) * 1944-02-16 1948-01-06 American Viscose Corp Method of drying rayon thread by high-frequency electric currents
US2622961A (en) * 1947-04-28 1952-12-23 Celanese Corp Gaseous treatment of filamentary textile material at supersonic and subsonic gas velocities and apparatus therefor
US2645031A (en) * 1950-02-07 1953-07-14 Hispeed Equipment Inc Apparatus for drying filmlike materials
US2740202A (en) * 1952-06-07 1956-04-03 Ultrasonic Corp Process and apparatus for drying sheet material
US2943377A (en) * 1959-06-29 1960-07-05 Elwood Res Company Method and apparatus for crimping filaments
US3192649A (en) * 1962-04-19 1965-07-06 Monsanto Co Strand annealer
US3209467A (en) * 1961-10-16 1965-10-05 Monsanto Co Strand annealers
US3211159A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-10-12 Engineering & Dev Company Of C Ultrasonic method for treating natural and synthetic fibers
US3230637A (en) * 1961-10-16 1966-01-25 Monsanto Co Strand annealers
US3254424A (en) * 1963-07-23 1966-06-07 Engineering & Dev Company Of C Apparatus for drying and treating hair or other fibers via ultrasonics
US3304593A (en) * 1965-01-21 1967-02-21 Burklund Lab Inc Yarn bulking method and apparatus

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1986945A (en) * 1931-03-12 1935-01-08 Du Pont Wool substitutes and process of spinning short filaments of cellulose derivatives
US2433842A (en) * 1944-02-16 1948-01-06 American Viscose Corp Method of drying rayon thread by high-frequency electric currents
US2622961A (en) * 1947-04-28 1952-12-23 Celanese Corp Gaseous treatment of filamentary textile material at supersonic and subsonic gas velocities and apparatus therefor
US2645031A (en) * 1950-02-07 1953-07-14 Hispeed Equipment Inc Apparatus for drying filmlike materials
US2740202A (en) * 1952-06-07 1956-04-03 Ultrasonic Corp Process and apparatus for drying sheet material
US2943377A (en) * 1959-06-29 1960-07-05 Elwood Res Company Method and apparatus for crimping filaments
US3209467A (en) * 1961-10-16 1965-10-05 Monsanto Co Strand annealers
US3230637A (en) * 1961-10-16 1966-01-25 Monsanto Co Strand annealers
US3192649A (en) * 1962-04-19 1965-07-06 Monsanto Co Strand annealer
US3211159A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-10-12 Engineering & Dev Company Of C Ultrasonic method for treating natural and synthetic fibers
US3254424A (en) * 1963-07-23 1966-06-07 Engineering & Dev Company Of C Apparatus for drying and treating hair or other fibers via ultrasonics
US3304593A (en) * 1965-01-21 1967-02-21 Burklund Lab Inc Yarn bulking method and apparatus

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3484914A (en) * 1966-06-13 1969-12-23 Bemberg Spa Method and means for treating with a gasiform stream a thread bundle made of a plurality of elementary threads
US3534453A (en) * 1967-03-23 1970-10-20 Michel S M Lefebvre Process for converting textile threads
US3447210A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-06-03 Monsanto Co Orifice with foraminate means
US3478398A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-11-18 Monsanto Co Yarn jet apparatus
US3548469A (en) * 1967-11-16 1970-12-22 Bayer Ag Method of and an apparatus for crimping synthetic yarns
US3640063A (en) * 1968-09-13 1972-02-08 Basf Ag Process and apparatus for crimping yarns and the like
US3644968A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-29 Ici Ltd Apparatus for relaxing yarns
US3808652A (en) * 1968-12-31 1974-05-07 D Elliott Treatment of yarns
US3694926A (en) * 1969-07-07 1972-10-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Sonic drying of webs
US3668785A (en) * 1969-08-18 1972-06-13 Dominian Eng Works Ltd Integrated drying processes and apparatus
US3724088A (en) * 1970-01-21 1973-04-03 Omnium De Prospective Ind Sa Process using shock waves for the continuous treatment of threads
US3863360A (en) * 1971-10-28 1975-02-04 Agfa Gevaert Ag Sheet drying apparatus
US3851403A (en) * 1972-04-19 1974-12-03 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for conditioning sheets of photosensitive materials
US4001053A (en) * 1972-04-21 1977-01-04 Eim Electric Co., Ltd. Method of removing residual stress of a work formed of metal or ceramic and a sealing apparatus
DE2810178A1 (en) * 1975-07-26 1979-09-13 Babcock Bsh Ag Fabric fulling process - uses throttled surge of treatment medium delivered from jets to moving fabric
US5599229A (en) * 1995-05-08 1997-02-04 Midwest Research Institute Enhancement of wall jet transport properties
WO2002033337A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-25 Starlinger & Co. Gesellschaft M.B.H. Device and method for the drying of plastic webs
US10006704B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2018-06-26 Heat Technologies, Inc. Ultrasonic drying system and method
US10775104B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2020-09-15 Heat Technologies, Inc. Ultrasonic drying system and method
US11353263B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2022-06-07 Heat Technologies, Inc. Ultrasonic drying system and method
US10488108B2 (en) 2014-07-01 2019-11-26 Heat Technologies, Inc. Indirect acoustic drying system and method
WO2016014960A1 (en) 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Heat Technologies, Inc. Acoustic-assisted heat and mass transfer device
EP3172515A4 (en) * 2014-07-24 2018-02-14 Heat Technologies, Inc. Acoustic-assisted heat and mass transfer device
US10139162B2 (en) 2014-07-24 2018-11-27 Heat Technologies, Inc. Acoustic-assisted heat and mass transfer device

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