US3345197A - Aluminizing process and composition - Google Patents

Aluminizing process and composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3345197A
US3345197A US301048A US30104863A US3345197A US 3345197 A US3345197 A US 3345197A US 301048 A US301048 A US 301048A US 30104863 A US30104863 A US 30104863A US 3345197 A US3345197 A US 3345197A
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United States
Prior art keywords
aluminum oxide
microns
aluminum
aluminizing
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Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US301048A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard W Martini
James R Darnell
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Howmet Turbine Components Corp
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Howmet Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US301048A priority Critical patent/US3345197A/en
Priority to DED45035A priority patent/DE1246352B/de
Priority to GB30847/64A priority patent/GB1016490A/en
Priority to FR984190A priority patent/FR1403503A/fr
Priority to BE651432A priority patent/BE651432A/xx
Priority to CH1029464A priority patent/CH450862A/de
Priority to NL646409084A priority patent/NL140572B/xx
Priority to SE9606/64A priority patent/SE303412B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3345197A publication Critical patent/US3345197A/en
Assigned to HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION, A CORP.OF DE reassignment HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION, A CORP.OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HOWMET CORPORATON A CORP. OF DE
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0026—Matrix based on Ni, Co, Cr or alloys thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/48—Aluminising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C12/02—Diffusion in one step

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the art of aluminizing metal surfaces by diffusion of aluminum at high temperature into the surface portions of the metal whereby the metal is rendered more resistant to corrosion or oxidation at high temperatures and/or in corrosive atmospheres, such as in the atmosphere existing in a combustion engine, turbine, and the like.
  • aluminum By the introduction of aluminum by diffusion into the surface of such metals as nickel, cobalt, and chromium alloys and high alloy steels of nickel and cobalt, heat shock erosion, corrosion resistance, and many other physical and mechanical properties of the metal are improved.
  • the alloy part is heated to a temperature above 1000 C. and preferably to a temperature of about 1100 C. in a powder mixture of metallic aluminum and aluminum oxide or other inactive metal oxide, with or without a small amount of halide salt, s uch as ammonium chloride, for
  • the powder aluminum is usually employed in a particle size of less than microns and the aluminum oxide is of a particle size greater than 50 microns and more often within the range of 50 to 100 microns.
  • the aluminum diffuses into the surface, usually to a depth of about microns, depending somewhat upon the time and temperature of the aluminizing treatment, and the amount of aluminum in the diffusion layer will average from 1 to percent by weight, and preferably from 2 to 8 percent by weight with the concentration of aluminum decreasing from the surface inwardly toward the center whereby the amount of aluminum in the outer portion is sometimes illustrated in the nickel alloy as NiAl, while the inner portions containing the lesser concentration of aluminum can be illustrated by the formula Ni Al.
  • the drawing is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the surface portion of a nickel-base alloy which has been aluminized in accordance with the practice of this invention.
  • the fine colloidal particles of aluminum oxide diffuse with the aluminum metal into the surface of the alloys to provide aluminum oxide inclusions substantially uniformly distributed ICC through the surface portions of the metal part with most of the inclusions being concentrated in the outer portion of the diffusion coating.
  • the powder mixture with at least 50 percent by weight of the aluminum oxide component and preferably substantially percent by weight of the aluminum oxide component having a particle size of 20 microns or less, and more preferably with at least 50 percent of the aluminum oxide component having a particle size of 5 microns or less.
  • the fine particles of aluminum oxide are carried into the surface of the metal part 10 to deposit as aluminum oxide inclusions 12 in the diffusion layer 14, thereby to provide a diffusion layer containing from 1 to 15 percent by weight of aluminum metal 16 with inclusions 12 of aluminum oxide powder in the diffusion layer.
  • the amount of such inclusions will depend upon the aluminum oxide powder particle size, the time and temperature employed in the aluminizing process and the amount of aluminum oxide powder of fine particle size in the powder mixture.
  • the alloys parts are embedded in the powder and loaded into a retort in which they are maintained at 1100 C. for four to five hours. Upon removal from the retort, the parts are coated with an aluminized layer having a thickness of approximately 10 mils and containing an average of about 5 percent by weight aluminum metal and with aluminum oxide particles uniformly distributed as inclusions in the diffusion coating.
  • the resulting part is characterized by good corrosion and oxidation resistance at temperatures up to 1000 C.
  • Aluminum metal powder of less than 5 microns 5 Aluminum oxide of more than 50 microns 44 Aluminum oxide of less than 10 microns 50.7
  • the alloy parts are packed with the aluminizing powder in a retort and heated to a temperature of 1100 C. for about four hours.
  • the resulting parts will have a diffusion layer of about 2 mils in thickness containing about 5 percent by Weight of aluminum, and the diffusion layer also contains inclusions of aluminum oxide substantially uniformly distributed throughout the outer portion thereof.
  • Aluminum metal powder of less than 5 microns 5 Aluminum oxide of less than 20 microns 95 The aluminizing process is substantially the same as that for Examples I and II.
  • Example IV Metal alloy (Udimet 500 nickel-base alloy):
  • Percent by Weight Particle Size Composition Composition Less than 325 mesh (44 microns). 100 95-100 Less than 30 microns 100 75-94 Less than 25 microns 100 66-88 Less than 20 microns 100 56-77 Less than 15 microns 100 43-66 Less than microns 96-98 28-47 Less than 8 microns. 92-95 21-41 Less than 6 microns 79-83 13-33 Less than 5 microns. 68-73 10-28 Less than 4 microns. 55-59 8-23 Less than 3 microns. 40-42 3-17 Less than 2 microns 23-27 2-11 tions A and B for fivehours at a temperature of 1975 to 2000" F. The resulting coated parts were subjected to a standard oxidation-erosion test which. may be described as follows:
  • test parts having an air foil configuration and treated in accordance with Examples IV and V, were rapidly rotated and subjected to rapid heating to the test temperature of 1800 F. followed by fast cooling by means of an aspirated water spray to approximately 300 F.
  • the specimens from each example were mounted together in order to uniformly expose all parts to exactly the same conditions of treatment for more accurate comparison of the resistance to the oxidation-erosion conditions. The following are the results that were obtained:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
US301048A 1963-08-09 1963-08-09 Aluminizing process and composition Expired - Lifetime US3345197A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US301048A US3345197A (en) 1963-08-09 1963-08-09 Aluminizing process and composition
DED45035A DE1246352B (de) 1963-08-09 1964-07-24 Pulvergemisch zum Alitieren von Werkstuecken aus hochlegierten Staehlen oder Legierungen auf der Basis wenigstens eines der Metalle Kobalt, Nickel oder Chrom
GB30847/64A GB1016490A (en) 1963-08-09 1964-08-04 Aluminizing process and composition
BE651432A BE651432A (de) 1963-08-09 1964-08-05
FR984190A FR1403503A (fr) 1963-08-09 1964-08-05 Procédé d'aluminisation, et composition pour son application
CH1029464A CH450862A (de) 1963-08-09 1964-08-06 Verfahren zum Aluminisieren von Metallteilen
NL646409084A NL140572B (nl) 1963-08-09 1964-08-07 Werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van een diffusielaag van aluminium op voorwerpen.
SE9606/64A SE303412B (de) 1963-08-09 1964-08-07

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US301048A US3345197A (en) 1963-08-09 1963-08-09 Aluminizing process and composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3345197A true US3345197A (en) 1967-10-03

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US301048A Expired - Lifetime US3345197A (en) 1963-08-09 1963-08-09 Aluminizing process and composition

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3345197A (de)
BE (1) BE651432A (de)
CH (1) CH450862A (de)
DE (1) DE1246352B (de)
GB (1) GB1016490A (de)
NL (1) NL140572B (de)
SE (1) SE303412B (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3408230A (en) * 1964-12-21 1968-10-29 Gen Telephone & Elect Method of making flexible electrodes
US3408231A (en) * 1964-12-21 1968-10-29 Gen Telephone & Elect Method of making flexible electrodes
US3436249A (en) * 1966-02-23 1969-04-01 Rolls Royce Aluminising powder
US3544348A (en) * 1968-10-25 1970-12-01 United Aircraft Corp Overhaul process for aluminide coated gas turbine engine components
US3625750A (en) * 1970-01-09 1971-12-07 Avco Corp Coating process
US3640815A (en) * 1969-09-08 1972-02-08 Howmet Corp Method for surface treatment of nickel and cobalt base alloys
US3958047A (en) * 1969-06-30 1976-05-18 Alloy Surfaces Co., Inc. Diffusion treatment of metal
US4043542A (en) * 1975-09-30 1977-08-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited Tuyeres for a blast furnace
US4314880A (en) * 1980-02-08 1982-02-09 The United States Department Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Hydrogen permeation resistant barrier
WO1982001726A1 (en) * 1980-11-17 1982-05-27 Metal Techn Inc Turbine Improved interdispersed phase coatings method
US4362696A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Corrosion-resistant fuel cladding allow for liquid metal fast breeder reactors
WO1983003988A1 (en) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-24 Turbine Metal Technology, Inc. Corrosion, erosion and wear resistant alloy structures and method thereof
US6884460B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-04-26 General Electric Company Combustion liner with heat rejection coats
US6884461B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-04-26 General Electric Company Turbine nozzle with heat rejection coats
US6884515B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-04-26 General Electric Company Afterburner seals with heat rejection coats
US20090035604A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2009-02-05 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Cladding tubes made of ferritic/martensitic or austenitic steel for nuclear fuel elements/fuels and method for subsequently treating a fecra protective layer thereon that is suited for high temperatures

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1796175C2 (de) * 1968-09-14 1974-05-30 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh, 4150 Krefeld Hochtemperaturkorrosions- und zunderbeständige Diffusionsschutzschicht auf Gegenständen aus hochwarmfesten Legierungen auf Nickel- und/oder Kobaltbasis

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2927043A (en) * 1957-02-20 1960-03-01 Solar Aircraft Co Aluminum coating processes and compositions
US3096205A (en) * 1960-05-16 1963-07-02 Chromalloy Corp Diffusion coating of metals
US3102044A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-08-27 United Aircraft Corp Applying protective coating from powdered material utilizing high temperature and low pressure
US3151994A (en) * 1960-12-20 1964-10-06 Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh Molding of refractory materials
US3157532A (en) * 1956-03-14 1964-11-17 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Methods of treating metallic powders
US3178308A (en) * 1960-09-07 1965-04-13 Pfaudler Permutit Inc Chemical vapor plating process
US3191252A (en) * 1958-12-29 1965-06-29 Gen Motors Corp Coating protection of metal surfaces during casting

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1311850A (fr) * 1961-09-12 1962-12-14 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Procédé pour la production de surfaces à haute résistance à l'oxydation sur des matériaux métalliques réfractaires
FR1311851A (fr) * 1961-09-12 1962-12-14 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Procédé pour la production de surfaces résistant à l'oxydation sur des matériaux métalliques réfractaires
FR1311333A (fr) * 1961-10-25 1962-12-07 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Procédé de production de couches de diffusion contenant de l'aluminium sur des matières métalliques à grande résistance à chaud
FR1322646A (fr) * 1962-05-18 1963-03-29 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Procédé de production de zones de diffusion de l'aluminium avec une rugosité de surface extrêmement faible

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3157532A (en) * 1956-03-14 1964-11-17 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Methods of treating metallic powders
US2927043A (en) * 1957-02-20 1960-03-01 Solar Aircraft Co Aluminum coating processes and compositions
US3191252A (en) * 1958-12-29 1965-06-29 Gen Motors Corp Coating protection of metal surfaces during casting
US3096205A (en) * 1960-05-16 1963-07-02 Chromalloy Corp Diffusion coating of metals
US3178308A (en) * 1960-09-07 1965-04-13 Pfaudler Permutit Inc Chemical vapor plating process
US3102044A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-08-27 United Aircraft Corp Applying protective coating from powdered material utilizing high temperature and low pressure
US3151994A (en) * 1960-12-20 1964-10-06 Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh Molding of refractory materials

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3408230A (en) * 1964-12-21 1968-10-29 Gen Telephone & Elect Method of making flexible electrodes
US3408231A (en) * 1964-12-21 1968-10-29 Gen Telephone & Elect Method of making flexible electrodes
US3436249A (en) * 1966-02-23 1969-04-01 Rolls Royce Aluminising powder
US3544348A (en) * 1968-10-25 1970-12-01 United Aircraft Corp Overhaul process for aluminide coated gas turbine engine components
US3958047A (en) * 1969-06-30 1976-05-18 Alloy Surfaces Co., Inc. Diffusion treatment of metal
US3640815A (en) * 1969-09-08 1972-02-08 Howmet Corp Method for surface treatment of nickel and cobalt base alloys
US3625750A (en) * 1970-01-09 1971-12-07 Avco Corp Coating process
US4043542A (en) * 1975-09-30 1977-08-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited Tuyeres for a blast furnace
US4362696A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Corrosion-resistant fuel cladding allow for liquid metal fast breeder reactors
US4314880A (en) * 1980-02-08 1982-02-09 The United States Department Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Hydrogen permeation resistant barrier
US4352840A (en) * 1980-11-17 1982-10-05 Turbine Metal Technology, Inc. Interdispersed phase coatings method
WO1982001726A1 (en) * 1980-11-17 1982-05-27 Metal Techn Inc Turbine Improved interdispersed phase coatings method
US4439470A (en) * 1980-11-17 1984-03-27 George Kelly Sievers Method for forming ternary alloys using precious metals and interdispersed phase
WO1983003988A1 (en) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-24 Turbine Metal Technology, Inc. Corrosion, erosion and wear resistant alloy structures and method thereof
US4656099A (en) * 1982-05-07 1987-04-07 Sievers George K Corrosion, erosion and wear resistant alloy structures and method therefor
US6884460B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-04-26 General Electric Company Combustion liner with heat rejection coats
US6884461B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-04-26 General Electric Company Turbine nozzle with heat rejection coats
US6884515B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-04-26 General Electric Company Afterburner seals with heat rejection coats
US20090035604A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2009-02-05 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Cladding tubes made of ferritic/martensitic or austenitic steel for nuclear fuel elements/fuels and method for subsequently treating a fecra protective layer thereon that is suited for high temperatures
US8202629B2 (en) * 2005-06-29 2012-06-19 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Cladding tubes made of ferritic/martensitic or austenitic steel for nuclear fuel elements/fuels and method for subsequently treating a FeCrA protective layer thereon that is suited for high temperatures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE651432A (de) 1964-12-01
CH450862A (de) 1968-04-30
GB1016490A (en) 1966-01-12
DE1246352B (de) 1967-08-03
SE303412B (de) 1968-08-26
NL140572B (nl) 1973-12-17
NL6409084A (de) 1965-02-10

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AS Assignment

Owner name: HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION 825 THIRD AV

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT DATED DECEMBER 31, 1975.;ASSIGNOR:HOWMET CORPORATON A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004164/0321

Effective date: 19830705