US334464A - Bolt-heading machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. PHILIPS.

BOLT READING MACHINE.

. No. 384,464. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

(No ModeL) 4 SheetsSheet 2.

P. PHILIPS.

BOLT HEADING MACHINE.

No. 334,464. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

\N VENT 0R WITNESSES.

(N6 Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet4.

- F. PHILIPS.

BOLT HEADING MACHINE.

Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

INVENTOR \X/nwessss N. PILIERs. Fhnmuum n her. Wzlihinglnn, D. c.

A p UNITED STATES PATE T OFFICE.

FERDINAND PHILIPS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

BOLT-HEADING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 334,464, dated January 19, 1886. Application filedApril 2, 18th). Serial No. 161,011. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

- Be it known that I, FERDINAND PHILIPs, a

. subject of the Emperor of Germany, but domiacast-iron frame,called the spider.

cile'd in the United States, at the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bolt-Heading Machines, of which improvements the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to that class of boltheading machines in which the blank to be headed is held firmly near one end in a die or holder,beyond which the end ofthe blank upon which the head is to be formed projects in such manner as to admit of its being operated upon, when heated to the proper temperature, by a a series of five hammers, which successively work it endwise and laterally to a square,

hexagonal, or other shape, as is well understood. The hammer which acts upon the blank endwise or in the direction of its axis, and which upsets the projecting end of the blank, is called the header, while the other four hammers, which all act upon the blank laterally, move in pairs toward the axis of the blank as a common center, all four in a common plane perpendicular to that axis, each pair at right angles to the other. One of these pairs having these movementsina horizontal direction is designated as the side hammers, while the other pair having the same movements, but in a vertical direction,

is designated as the top and bottom hammers. These four lateral hammers are made of steel and each is mounted on a slide, which in turn is fitted to move in a guide formed in These slides and guides are all more or less subject -to wear; but the bottom hammer-slide is especially worn rapidly, by reason of the oinders (iron oxide) accumulating thereupon, and from the water used to keep the dies and hammers cool, falling as it does directly upon this hammer-guide, and thus causing it to completely wear out in a comparativelyshort time.

The main object of my invention is to entirely avoid this wear, and I accomplish this object by dispensing entirely with any necessity for the slides and guides heretofore used. Another new feature of my improved boltdevices for moving the header and providing means for taking up any lost motion resulting from wear of the parts by which this header is worked. i

Another new feature of my improved boltheader consists in the manner in which the four lateral hammers are moved.

In the accompanying drawings the position of the parts shown is that occupied by them when the header is at the forward end of its stroke.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the machine. Fig. 2 is a front View of my improved lateral hammers mounted upon the frame of the machine, as shown in section. Fig. 3 is a section on the line a: or of Fig. 2. Figs. 4. and 5 are detailed views of my improved bottom hammer-guide rods. Fig.6 is is a diagram illustrating the operation of my lower hammer when it has a parallel guide motion; and Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the operation of my lower hammer when it has a stright-line guide motion, as will be hereinafter more specifically described. Fig. 8 is a plan view of myimproved bolt-header, certain parts beingshown in section.

A is the main frame of the machine, mounted upon legs B B and bed-plate O. The frame A is provided with bearings a a, Fig. 8, to re ceive the crank-shaft D, which gives motion to the header H, which header is guided in the main frame in the manner shown, and as is well understood. The crank-shaft D and header H are connected by a link, L, terminating in a cylindrical knuckle-joint, 70, parallel to the crank-shaft D, which abuts against a brass box, I), recessed into the header, as shown in Fig. 1, and firmly held in position by two rods, 1" and r, and a back guide, E, which is guided in the mainframe A in a similar manner as is the header H. The guide E and link L are keptin close sliding contact on their abutting surfaces 6 e, the cylindrical curve of these sliding surfaces being struck from the axis of the knuckle-joint k, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. Any wear that may be produced in the knuckle-joint 7c and its brass box 12 or on the abutting surfaces 6 e of the link L and back s1ide,E, may be readily taken up by tightening the rods 1 and r by means of the nuts n n n n. Thus the crank-shaft D, connecting-link L, knuckle-joint k, brass box b, header H, and back slidc,E, may be kept relatively in good working condition for practically an unlimited length of time. With the header H are connected four levers, of which two, F and F, are seen in Fig. l. The inner end of the lever F is connected with the headerH by means ofa pin, p, through ajaw, j, formed in the header.

In order that the fulcrum of the lever F may be moved slightly up and down when the header H moves horizontally to and fro, I connect the fulcrum f with a rigid portion of the machine by a compensating-link, I, as shown in Fig. 1. The lever Fhasarigid fulcrum,f.

In order to admit of the up-and-down motion produced by the vibrating motion of lever F around the fulcrum f, I do not connect the one end of the lever F in a rigid manner with the header H, but I admit of the vertical motion by permitting the lever to work in a slot or recess in the header, as shown in Fig. 1.

The header H and lever F may be connected by a pin, and the fulcrumf arranged in the same manner as on the top hammer; but I prefer the manner described, as I am enabled thereby to readily remove the lever F in case of emergency,without first removing the header from its seat, which would be necessary in order to withdraw the pin hercinbefore referred to. The outer ends of the levers F and F are connected by means of rods R and R with toggle-joints T and T. \Vhile the header is moving toward the bolt blank b,held in the die (I, the toggle-links are moving intothe position shown in Fig. 1, drawing the hammer-guides G and G, respectively, upward and downward, and with them the hammers h and h. It will thus be seen that they are now sufficiently out of the way of the header, or, as it is technically termed, they clear. On the return-stroke of the header the toggles T and T will straighten out gradually, the relative disposition of the levers F and F to the movement of the header being such that when the header is withdrawn to the full extent of its stroke the toggles T and T are brought into straight line and produce the blows of the top and bottom hammers on the bolt-head.

To facilitate the adjustment of the toggle relative to the header, as above described, the rods R and It may be provided with male and female screws, by means of which said rods can be lengthened or shortened to fulfill the above conditions. Such an arrangement I have shown in Fig. 8 on the side-hammer red, It.

The side hammers, h and h, Fig. 2, are moved by the header in a similar manner as the top and bottom hammers; but in order that the side hammers may clear the top and bottom hammers the connections are arranged relatively in such manner that the t0ggle-j oints T of these side hammers are in a straight position when the header is in the middle of its stroke, while, as aforesaid, the top and bottom toggle-joints are straight when the header is in its farthest position from the face of the die d. This effect upon the timing of the blows struck by the side hammers relatively to those of the top and bottom hammers and relatively to the blows of the header is produced by simply lengthening the rods R and R of the side hammers, so as to move their toggles T past their straight position in both directions; but in order to obtain the proper amount of motion for each blow thus imparted to the side hammers I also arrange the proportions of the levers actuating these toggles by changing the position of their iulcrums accordingly, as shown at F f Fig. 8.

The rod R as shown in Fig. 8, is adjusted in such a manner that the toggle-link is in a straight position, 4 5 6, when the header, with the inner end of the levers and 2, is in the center 10 of its motion backward, and while the header is passing its central position the toggle-link is moving toward its final position 4 7 8, and when it reaches this position the header is all the way back. The side hammers, If h are out of the way of the top and bottom hammers, and thctop and bottom hammers are all the way in, as hereinbefore described. It is evident that the side hammers will thus strike the bolt-head each time when the header passes its central position-that is to say, coming and going-while the top and bottom hammers strike thebolt-head but once in each revolution of the crank-shaft. This described difference in the number of blows struck has on the one hand no injurious effect on the bolt-head, while the simplicity and easy motion of this improved toggle mechanism, actuated solely from the reciprocatingheader, prevent rapid and injurious wear of its parts, which are of plain construction and always readily accessible for adjustment or repairs. The most important feature, however, of my improved bolt-header consists in the device for guiding the bottom hammer.

In all the machines as heretofore constructed similarly to the one represented in Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, the hammers were fastened to guides sliding in grooves of a casting, S, Figs. 1 and 2. To prevent the rapid wear of the hammer-slide G, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, these grooves have been lined with gibs g, of hardened cast-steel; but the destroying effect of the cinders falling as they do, together with the water used in boltforging, as is well understood, on the lower slide wear it out so rapidly and completely that the lower hammer soon yields in every direction, and thus prevents the formation of aperfeet bolt-head. Aside from this, however, absolutely no dependence could be placed upon the lower hammer, as heretofore arranged. It was a source of constant repair in all machines working with four lateral hammers.

To overcome these serious difficulties is one of the objects of my invention,which I accomplish by dispensing with the slide-guides for the bottom hammer altogether and guide'the same by links, as hereinafter more fully described.- Fig. 6 shows the principle of such a guide.

0 and O are stationary points, at and n are the links, and t is the hammer. It is obvious that when the links swing around the points 0 and O the hammer will be guided parallel to its previous position and parallel with the blank dies upward and downward, but witlr drawn from the dies as the dotted positions indicate. Since the motion of the links at and it around the points 0 and O is very slight,

the distance off the die is also very slight, yet if the hammer receded perceptibly off the die there would be a fin produced on the bolthead from the metal squeezing between the hammer and the die, but with a sufficient length of links this outward motion of the hammer is practically nothing. However, in order to enhance the efficiency of my invention I have shortened the lower link, as shown in Fig. 7, and while this link it moves in a circle, 00 w 00 with the center 0 and while the longer link m moves in the circle 3 y y around the center 0 the end to of the hammer will move in a curve, 2 z'w at 2 2 2, of which curve I practically ascertained the several points z, u, o, and z by placing the links m and n in four corresponding different positions. the links are properly adapted to the case, is practically straight for a certain portion of the movement. In Fig. 7the curve is practically straight from u to o, and if the point u is the end of the hammer, as in Fig. 1, it is evident that u,or the end of the hammer,is moved for an ample distance in close contact with the die d. Points 0 and 0 Fig. 7, correspond with pins 0 and 0 Fig. 1. Points 00 and y of Fig. 7 are points wandy ofFig. 1, and links m and n of Fig. 7 are links m and n of Fig. 1. The motion on these points x and y is so very slight that they may be with safety run in water and scale without being materially injured, but they are readily protected by the fenders or shields S, Fig. 1.

To secure the hammer-guide from side motion, I make the jaws for the pins :0 and 3 very This .curve, when the proportions of broad, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, while the long fulcrum-pins O and O pass through th frame A of the machine. 7 i

I have not shown my improved hammerguide applied to the other hammers, as they are not so much exposed to the wear and tear to which the lower hammer-slide is subjected as to render their special protection necessary; but it is manifest that each of the hammers in the spider may be operated in the improved Way described for the lower hammer.

While the above description of my invention and the drawings forming part of the same show my present improvements applied to a bolt-heading machine in which the four lateral hammers are operated from the header, I do not confine or restrict the use of my improved hammer-guide to such particular construction of the machine.

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. As an improvement in bolt-heading machines, the hereinbefore described construction of lateral hammer mechanism, consisting of a reciprocating header, in combination with two vibrating guide-links and the hammerguide, as and for the purposes specified.

2. The combination of the hammer-guide G, links m and a, toggle T, rod R, lever F, and header H, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. In a bolt-heading machine, the combination of the reciprocating header with the crankshaft and the described arrangement of driving mechanism, consisting of link L, knuckle-joint k b, guide E, and adjustable rods r r, for taking up lost motion resulting from wear of the parts, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with the header and the two pairs of lateral hammer-guides, of a link-motion,substantially as described,whereby the header moves the lateral hammers, substantially as set forth.

' FERDINAND PHILIPS.

IVitnesses:

WALTER S. GIBsoN, J. WALTER DOUGLASS.

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