US3344210A - Method of making. solid thermite pellets - Google Patents
Method of making. solid thermite pellets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3344210A US3344210A US3344210DA US3344210A US 3344210 A US3344210 A US 3344210A US 3344210D A US3344210D A US 3344210DA US 3344210 A US3344210 A US 3344210A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- thermite
- pellets
- mixture
- water
- solid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001235 sensitizing Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 231100000202 sensitizing Toxicity 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001522301 Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000010599 Verbascum thapsus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting Effects 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000489 sensitizer Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of producing thermite in solid form without the use of additives. More particularly the invention relates to a method of mixing thermite powder with a sensitizing agent such as Bullseye pistol powder together with water for facilitating compression of the mixture in a die.
- a sensitizing agent such as Bullseye pistol powder
- Prior art techniques for producing thermite in solid form have generally utilized additives to facilitate solidification thereof.
- the additives generally used are at times deleterious to the chemical performance of the solid thermite for its intended purpose, and additionally are disadvantageous from the standpoint that the addition of additives adds weight to, and decreases the volumetric efficiency of, the compacted pellet, briquette or the like as well as the package in which it is contained for use.
- Prior art warheads utilized for the intended purposes of this invention use reactive fragments in foundry materials.
- the thermite powder is fabricated by pouring it into a wax boat. It is initiated by utilization of magnesium ribbon or the like. In the past the'produ-ction of solid form thermite has been unsuccessfully attempted by utilization of additives as binders therefor.
- An object resides in the provision of an improved warhead for use in applications against a light target at practical fragment velocities by the advantageous utilization of the self-contained chemical energy of the reaction upon ignition of the thermite to promote a more efficient kinetic energy transfer from fragments to target by virtue of the fragmentary brittle nature of the material of the propelled fragments.
- the thermite powder [(Fe O or (Fe O )-+aluminum] is mixed with a sensitizing agent such for example as Bullseye pistol powder in the presence of a mixture with water.
- a sensitizing agent such for example as Bullseye pistol powder in the presence of a mixture with water.
- the mixture is cold pressed in a die and after a short period, depending upon the pellet-size desired, the solid pellet is removed from the die.
- pellet so formed has a certain degree of initial strength. It may however be further strengthened by curing under water for a period of several days. The pellet is pressed into an encapsulating cup to form a projectile.
- the water forms coordination bonds between the oxide coatings on the aluminum particles which results in a matrix of a character providing improved mechanical strength over prior art solid pellets. Additional bonds may be formed, if desired, with the iron oxide and the water.
- the controls for the additional bonds are determined by the amount of water used in mixing the Bullseye powder with the thermite powder, the amount of cold pressure utilized, and the amount of time the mixture remains in the die. Also, ammonia has been found to be a suitable component as an alternative to water which forms a coordination bonded matrix.
- the instant invention provides the only known method of producing thermite in solid form without the use of additives, deleterious to chemical performance and to economy of weight and volume.
- the instant invention increases the physical strength characteristics of the pellet to an extent where it is advantageously adapted for use in light weight projectile and missile warhead application against light weight targets, through the combined effect of shattering and the chemical reaction accurring upon ignition. Additionally the pellet casting technique provides for a convenient prefabricated thermite form in the desired shape and size, for utilization in such warhead applications.
- thermite may be used, if desired, without the inclusion of a sensitizer, by providing means for initiation with a torch type flame.
- thermite pellet of the instant invention upon impacting a target above a critical velocity (approximately 3,000 feet per second) the thermite is initiated, producing a shower of molten iron particles, resulting in extensive damage to a light target.
- the damage is occasioned by virtue of the large number of small particles producing a plurality of fractures and as aforementioned by promoting more eflic-ient transfer of projectile kinetic energy to the target. Additionally the chemical energy released produces blastlike and thermal damage.
- a method of producing solid thermite pellets, without the use of additives, for warhead applications comprising forming a mixture consisting essentially of a quantity of thermite powder with a sensitizing agent in the presence of a small amount of water which forms coordination bonds between the oxide coatings on the aluminum particles of the thermite thereby resulting in a matrix of improved mechanical strength; introducing the mixture into a die;
- a method of producing solid thermite pellets, without the use of additives, for warhead applications comprising forming a mixture consisting essentially of a small amount of water which forms coordination bonds between the oxide coatings on the aluminum particles of the thermite thereby resulting in a matrix of improved mechanical strength; introducing the mixture into a die; cold pressing the mixture so as to form solid thermite pellets which, when initiated by a torch-type flame, emits a shower of molten iron particles and a chemical energy release on the target; and curing the formed solid thermite pellets under an amount of water for a period of several days to thereby further strengthen the pellets.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3 344 210 METHGD OF MAKING SOIZID THERMITE PELLETS DenisA. Silvia, King George, Va., assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy No Drawing. Filed Dec. 30, M65, Ser. No. 517,799 3 Claims. (Cl. 264--3) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of producing solid thermite pellets without the use of additives which comprises: mixing thermite powder with Bullseye pistol powder in the presence of a small amount of water, and cold pressing the mixture in a die, whereafter pellets of any desired size are yielded having a sufiicient degree of initial strength. An additional step of curing the resultant pellets under water may be performed for a further strengthing thereof. Also, the pellets may be alternatively formed without the use of Bullseye pistol powder if initiation with a torch is employed.
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates to a method of producing thermite in solid form without the use of additives. More particularly the invention relates to a method of mixing thermite powder with a sensitizing agent such as Bullseye pistol powder together with water for facilitating compression of the mixture in a die.
Prior art techniques for producing thermite in solid form have generally utilized additives to facilitate solidification thereof. The additives generally used are at times deleterious to the chemical performance of the solid thermite for its intended purpose, and additionally are disadvantageous from the standpoint that the addition of additives adds weight to, and decreases the volumetric efficiency of, the compacted pellet, briquette or the like as well as the package in which it is contained for use.
Prior art warheads utilized for the intended purposes of this invention use reactive fragments in foundry materials. The thermite powder is fabricated by pouring it into a wax boat. It is initiated by utilization of magnesium ribbon or the like. In the past the'produ-ction of solid form thermite has been unsuccessfully attempted by utilization of additives as binders therefor.
It is a feature of the instant invention to produce a fragmentable or a frangible foundry material of thermite which is adapted for usage in the warhead in projectile or missile applications for producing vapor like blast effects on, and inside of, a target after penetration thereof.
An object resides in the provision of an improved warhead for use in applications against a light target at practical fragment velocities by the advantageous utilization of the self-contained chemical energy of the reaction upon ignition of the thermite to promote a more efficient kinetic energy transfer from fragments to target by virtue of the fragmentary brittle nature of the material of the propelled fragments.
Other objects and advantages of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the appended claims.
The thermite powder [(Fe O or (Fe O )-+aluminum] is mixed with a sensitizing agent such for example as Bullseye pistol powder in the presence of a mixture with water. The mixture is cold pressed in a die and after a short period, depending upon the pellet-size desired, the solid pellet is removed from the die. The
, ice
pellet so formed has a certain degree of initial strength. It may however be further strengthened by curing under water for a period of several days. The pellet is pressed into an encapsulating cup to form a projectile. In the formation of the pellet of the instant character the water forms coordination bonds between the oxide coatings on the aluminum particles which results in a matrix of a character providing improved mechanical strength over prior art solid pellets. Additional bonds may be formed, if desired, with the iron oxide and the water. The controls for the additional bonds are determined by the amount of water used in mixing the Bullseye powder with the thermite powder, the amount of cold pressure utilized, and the amount of time the mixture remains in the die. Also, ammonia has been found to be a suitable component as an alternative to water which forms a coordination bonded matrix.
The instant invention provides the only known method of producing thermite in solid form without the use of additives, deleterious to chemical performance and to economy of weight and volume. The instant invention increases the physical strength characteristics of the pellet to an extent where it is advantageously adapted for use in light weight projectile and missile warhead application against light weight targets, through the combined effect of shattering and the chemical reaction accurring upon ignition. Additionally the pellet casting technique provides for a convenient prefabricated thermite form in the desired shape and size, for utilization in such warhead applications.
It is additionally to be understood that the thermite may be used, if desired, without the inclusion of a sensitizer, by providing means for initiation with a torch type flame.
In warhead applications of the solid thermite pellet of the instant invention, upon impacting a target above a critical velocity (approximately 3,000 feet per second) the thermite is initiated, producing a shower of molten iron particles, resulting in extensive damage to a light target. The damage is occasioned by virtue of the large number of small particles producing a plurality of fractures and as aforementioned by promoting more eflic-ient transfer of projectile kinetic energy to the target. Additionally the chemical energy released produces blastlike and thermal damage.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of producing solid thermite pellets, without the use of additives, for warhead applications comprising forming a mixture consisting essentially of a quantity of thermite powder with a sensitizing agent in the presence of a small amount of water which forms coordination bonds between the oxide coatings on the aluminum particles of the thermite thereby resulting in a matrix of improved mechanical strength; introducing the mixture into a die;
cold pressing the mixture so as to form solid thermite pellets which, upon impact with a target, are initiated, thereby emitting a shower of molten iron particles and a chemical energy release on the target; and
curing the formed solid thermite pellets under an amount of water for a period of several days to thereby further strengthenthe pellets.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the sensitizing agent is Bullseye pistol powder.
3 3. A method of producing solid thermite pellets, without the use of additives, for warhead applications, comprising forming a mixture consisting essentially of a small amount of water which forms coordination bonds between the oxide coatings on the aluminum particles of the thermite thereby resulting in a matrix of improved mechanical strength; introducing the mixture into a die; cold pressing the mixture so as to form solid thermite pellets which, when initiated by a torch-type flame, emits a shower of molten iron particles and a chemical energy release on the target; and curing the formed solid thermite pellets under an amount of water for a period of several days to thereby further strengthen the pellets.
References Cited UNITED L. DEWAYNE RUTLEDGE, Primary Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING SOLID THERMITE PELLETS, WITHOUT THE USE OF ADDITIVES, FOR WARHEAD APPLICATIONS COMPRISING FORMING A MIXTURE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A QUANTITY OF THERMITE POWDER WITH A SENSITIZING AGENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A SMALL AMOUNT OF WATER WHICH FORMS COORDINATION BONDS BETWEEN THE OXIDE COATINGS ON THE ALUMINUM PARTICLES OF THE THERMITE THEREBY RERESULTING IN A MATRIX OF IMPROVED MECHANICAL STRENGTH; INTRODUCING THE MIXTURE INTO A DIE; COLD PRESSING THE MIXTURE SO AS TO FORM SOLID THERMITE PELLETS WHICH, UPON IMPACT WITH A TARGET, ARE INITIATED, THEREBY EMITTING A SHOWER OF MOLTEN IRON PARTICLES AND A CHEMICAL ENERGY RELEASE ON THE TARGET; AND CURING THE FORMED SOLID THERMITE PELLETS UNDER AN AMOUNT OF WATER OF A PERIOD OF SEVERAL DAYS TO THEREBY FURTHER STRENGTHENS THE PELLETS.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3344210A true US3344210A (en) | 1967-09-26 |
Family
ID=3459376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3344210D Expired - Lifetime US3344210A (en) | Method of making. solid thermite pellets |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3344210A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3498857A (en) * | 1966-12-06 | 1970-03-03 | Ethyl Corp | Aluminum iron oxide incendiary composition containing a (cyclopentadienyl) iron compound |
| US3503814A (en) * | 1968-05-03 | 1970-03-31 | Us Navy | Pyrotechnic composition containing nickel and aluminum |
| US4806384A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1989-02-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for forming exoergic structures with the use of a plasma |
| US4933241A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1990-06-12 | United States Department Of Energy | Processes for forming exoergic structures with the use of a plasma and for producing dense refractory bodies of arbitrary shape therefrom |
| US20050189050A1 (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2005-09-01 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Energetic material composition |
| US20060236887A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-10-26 | John Childs | Delay units and methods of making the same |
| US20070277914A1 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-06 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Metal matrix composite energetic structures |
| EP1864961A2 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-12 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Structural metallic binders for reactive fragmentation weapons |
| EP1907166A2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2008-04-09 | Erico International Corporation | Weld metal material apparatus and method |
| US20100119728A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2010-05-13 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Methods of making multilayered, hydrogen-containing thermite structures |
| US8794152B2 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2014-08-05 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Sealer elements, detonators containing the same, and methods of making |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1318709A (en) * | 1919-10-14 | of london | ||
| US1434538A (en) * | 1922-11-07 | Welding tablet or capsule | ||
| US2424937A (en) * | 1943-02-22 | 1947-07-29 | United States Gypsum Co | Incendiary composition |
| US2640770A (en) * | 1951-05-29 | 1953-06-02 | Sidney J Magram | Igniting composition and method of preparing same |
| US3019687A (en) * | 1952-09-11 | 1962-02-06 | Aerojet General Co | Method of forming a solid propellant |
| US3111438A (en) * | 1961-10-24 | 1963-11-19 | Atlas Chem Ind | Delay compositions for delay electric detonators |
| US3160537A (en) * | 1961-10-12 | 1964-12-08 | Catalyst Research Corp | Heating composition |
| US3254996A (en) * | 1963-04-03 | 1966-06-07 | Gilmour C Macdonald | Method of preparing a sintered incendiary bomblet |
-
0
- US US3344210D patent/US3344210A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1318709A (en) * | 1919-10-14 | of london | ||
| US1434538A (en) * | 1922-11-07 | Welding tablet or capsule | ||
| US2424937A (en) * | 1943-02-22 | 1947-07-29 | United States Gypsum Co | Incendiary composition |
| US2640770A (en) * | 1951-05-29 | 1953-06-02 | Sidney J Magram | Igniting composition and method of preparing same |
| US3019687A (en) * | 1952-09-11 | 1962-02-06 | Aerojet General Co | Method of forming a solid propellant |
| US3160537A (en) * | 1961-10-12 | 1964-12-08 | Catalyst Research Corp | Heating composition |
| US3111438A (en) * | 1961-10-24 | 1963-11-19 | Atlas Chem Ind | Delay compositions for delay electric detonators |
| US3254996A (en) * | 1963-04-03 | 1966-06-07 | Gilmour C Macdonald | Method of preparing a sintered incendiary bomblet |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3498857A (en) * | 1966-12-06 | 1970-03-03 | Ethyl Corp | Aluminum iron oxide incendiary composition containing a (cyclopentadienyl) iron compound |
| US3503814A (en) * | 1968-05-03 | 1970-03-31 | Us Navy | Pyrotechnic composition containing nickel and aluminum |
| US4806384A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1989-02-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for forming exoergic structures with the use of a plasma |
| US4933241A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1990-06-12 | United States Department Of Energy | Processes for forming exoergic structures with the use of a plasma and for producing dense refractory bodies of arbitrary shape therefrom |
| US20050189050A1 (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2005-09-01 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Energetic material composition |
| US8414718B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2013-04-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Energetic material composition |
| US8245643B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2012-08-21 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Delay units and methods of making the same |
| US20060236887A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-10-26 | John Childs | Delay units and methods of making the same |
| US7650840B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2010-01-26 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Delay units and methods of making the same |
| US20100064924A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2010-03-18 | John Childs | Delay units and methods of making the same |
| US7721937B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2010-05-25 | Erico International Corporation | Weld metal material apparatus and method |
| EP1907166A2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2008-04-09 | Erico International Corporation | Weld metal material apparatus and method |
| EP1907166A4 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2009-07-29 | Erico Int Corp | Weld metal material apparatus and method |
| US20090188969A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2009-07-30 | Glenn T Siracki | Weld metal material apparatus and method |
| US7829157B2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2010-11-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Methods of making multilayered, hydrogen-containing thermite structures |
| US20100119728A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2010-05-13 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Methods of making multilayered, hydrogen-containing thermite structures |
| US20070277914A1 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-06 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Metal matrix composite energetic structures |
| US20100024676A1 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2010-02-04 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Structural metallic binders for reactive fragmentation weapons |
| US7886668B2 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2011-02-15 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Metal matrix composite energetic structures |
| EP1864961A3 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2008-02-13 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Structural metallic binders for reactive fragmentation weapons |
| US8250985B2 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2012-08-28 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Structural metallic binders for reactive fragmentation weapons |
| EP1864961A2 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-12 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Structural metallic binders for reactive fragmentation weapons |
| US8746145B2 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2014-06-10 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Structural metallic binders for reactive fragmentation weapons |
| US8794152B2 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2014-08-05 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Sealer elements, detonators containing the same, and methods of making |
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