US3341308A - Superconductor comprising a niobium substrate having a coating of niobium stannide and particles of a ferromagnetic material - Google Patents
Superconductor comprising a niobium substrate having a coating of niobium stannide and particles of a ferromagnetic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3341308A US3341308A US312737A US31273763A US3341308A US 3341308 A US3341308 A US 3341308A US 312737 A US312737 A US 312737A US 31273763 A US31273763 A US 31273763A US 3341308 A US3341308 A US 3341308A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- niobium
- particles
- coating
- stannide
- superconductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 title description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 title description 6
- KAYZQFIFFVGBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(lambda2-stannanylidene)niobium Chemical compound [Nb].[Sn].[Sn] KAYZQFIFFVGBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobarium;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron Chemical compound [Ba]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001134 stannide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/928—Magnetic property
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/93—Electric superconducting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/879—Magnet or electromagnet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/917—Mechanically manufacturing superconductor
- Y10S505/924—Making superconductive magnet or coil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49014—Superconductor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness
- Y10T428/12396—Discontinuous surface component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/1266—O, S, or organic compound in metal component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12819—Group VB metal-base component
Definitions
- a niobium ribbon coated with a superconducting layer of niobium stannide is further coated with a slurry of barium ferrite particles in water or a lacquer.
- the barium ferrite is a ceramic having the approximate composition BaFe O and also known as Magnadure.
- the resultant product has the particles of barium ferrite well distributed over its surface. When the product is cooled to liquid helium temperatures for superconductive operation, the barium ferrite particles will be ferromagnetic. Yet the high resistivity of the barium ferrite will limit the flow of eddy currents therein.
- the resultant product shown in the drawing, comprises a niobium layer, niobium stannide layers and an outer coating of organic material supporting ferrite particles.
- the ferrite group comprises compositions represented by the formula MeOFe O where Me is a divalent metal ion such as Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mg, Zn, Cd, Fe or a mixture of these ions.
- Me is a divalent metal ion such as Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mg, Zn, Cd, Fe or a mixture of these ions.
- the insulating material must be ferromagnetic at liquid helium temperature. Most of the ferrites have Curie points well above cryogenic temperatures. Cryogenic temperatures generally increase their saturation magnetization values.
- a superconductive electromagnetic coil comprising therein distributed layers of ferromagnetic material for shunting magnetic fields in the coil at cryogenic temperatures, the material having a resistivity in excess of about 10 ohm-cm. at cryogenic temperatures.
- the coil of claim 1 wherein the material has a composition selected from those ferrites whose magnetic saturation and resistivity increase with lowering of their temperatures into the cryogenic range.
- a niobium ribbon having a diffusion coating of niobium stannide and particles of barium ferrite distributed across the surface of the coated ribbon.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
Description
P 1967 A. E. VAN ARKEL 8 SUPERCONDUCTOR COMPRISING A NIOBIUM SUBSTRATE HAVING A COATING OF NIOBIUM STANNIDE AND PARTICLES OF A FERRQMAGNETIC MATERIAL Filed Sept. 30, 1963 FERRITE PARTICLES United States Patent 3,341,308 SUPERCONDUCTOR CQMPRISING SUBSTRATE HAVING A COATING STANNIDE AND PARTICLES OF A NETIC MATERIAL Anton E. van Arkel, Leiden, Netherlands, assignor to National Research Corporation, Cambridge, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Filed Sept. 30, 1963, Ser. No. 312,737 4 Claims. '(Cl. 29-195) The present invention relates to superconductors and particularly to elongated superconductors in wire or ribbon form which can be wound into solenoids, armatures and other inductive coils.
It is the object of the invention to provide a way of distributing magnetic field more uniformly among the windings of a magnetic coil.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an insulator in contact with superconductive windings.
It is another object of the invention to provide a single material for use with superconductors which combines the qualities of ferromagnetism and high resistance at cryogenic temperatures.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a niobium ribbon coated with a superconducting layer of niobium stannide is further coated with a slurry of barium ferrite particles in water or a lacquer. The barium ferrite is a ceramic having the approximate composition BaFe O and also known as Magnadure. The resultant product has the particles of barium ferrite well distributed over its surface. When the product is cooled to liquid helium temperatures for superconductive operation, the barium ferrite particles will be ferromagnetic. Yet the high resistivity of the barium ferrite will limit the flow of eddy currents therein.
The resultant product, shown in the drawing, comprises a niobium layer, niobium stannide layers and an outer coating of organic material supporting ferrite particles.
While barium ferrite has been described as a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that other insulating materials may be used. Other ferrites are good insulators at cryogenic temperatures. Their 273 K. resis- A NIOBIUM OF NIOBIUM FERROMAG- tivities are above 10 to 10 ohm-cm, as compared with 10 ohm-cm. for iron. Cryogenic temperatures increase the resistivity of the ferrites. In simplest form, the ferrite group comprises compositions represented by the formula MeOFe O where Me is a divalent metal ion such as Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mg, Zn, Cd, Fe or a mixture of these ions. A second requirement is that the insulating material must be ferromagnetic at liquid helium temperature. Most of the ferrites have Curie points well above cryogenic temperatures. Cryogenic temperatures generally increase their saturation magnetization values.
Many materials, other than the ferrites, have high resistivities and high permeabilities and magnetic saturation values at cryogenic temperatures. For instance, particles of gadolimum oxide could be substituted for the ferrite particles described above.
What is claimed is:
1. A superconductive electromagnetic coil comprising therein distributed layers of ferromagnetic material for shunting magnetic fields in the coil at cryogenic temperatures, the material having a resistivity in excess of about 10 ohm-cm. at cryogenic temperatures.
2. The coil of claim 1 wherein the material has a composition selected from those ferrites whose magnetic saturation and resistivity increase with lowering of their temperatures into the cryogenic range.
3. The coil of claim 2 wherein the material is barium ferrite.
4. A niobium ribbon having a diffusion coating of niobium stannide and particles of barium ferrite distributed across the surface of the coated ribbon.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,970,961 2/1961 Matthias 117-235' X 3,110,613 11/1963 Bean 117-13O X 3,125,688 3/1964 Rogers 33 832 3,181,936 5/1965 Denny et a1. 29194 3,243,871 5/1966 Saur 29-1555 ALFRED L. LEAVITT, Primary Examiner. WILLIAM L. JARVIS, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A SUPERCONDUCTIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC COIL COMPRISING THEREIN DISTRUBUTED LAYERS OF FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL FOR SHUNTING MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE COIL AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES, THE MATERIAL HAVING A RESISTIVITY IN EXCESS OF ABOUT 10**4 OHM-CM. AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US312737A US3341308A (en) | 1963-09-30 | 1963-09-30 | Superconductor comprising a niobium substrate having a coating of niobium stannide and particles of a ferromagnetic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US312737A US3341308A (en) | 1963-09-30 | 1963-09-30 | Superconductor comprising a niobium substrate having a coating of niobium stannide and particles of a ferromagnetic material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3341308A true US3341308A (en) | 1967-09-12 |
Family
ID=23212789
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US312737A Expired - Lifetime US3341308A (en) | 1963-09-30 | 1963-09-30 | Superconductor comprising a niobium substrate having a coating of niobium stannide and particles of a ferromagnetic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3341308A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3404026A (en) * | 1965-04-06 | 1968-10-01 | Army Usa | Method of forming magnetic ferrite films |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2970961A (en) * | 1959-03-04 | 1961-02-07 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic material |
| US3110613A (en) * | 1960-09-19 | 1963-11-12 | Charles P Bean | Magnetic material |
| US3125688A (en) * | 1960-01-11 | 1964-03-17 | rogers | |
| US3181936A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1965-05-04 | Gen Electric | Superconductors and method for the preparation thereof |
| US3243871A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1966-04-05 | Nat Res Corp | Method of making ductile superconductors |
-
1963
- 1963-09-30 US US312737A patent/US3341308A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2970961A (en) * | 1959-03-04 | 1961-02-07 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic material |
| US3125688A (en) * | 1960-01-11 | 1964-03-17 | rogers | |
| US3110613A (en) * | 1960-09-19 | 1963-11-12 | Charles P Bean | Magnetic material |
| US3181936A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1965-05-04 | Gen Electric | Superconductors and method for the preparation thereof |
| US3243871A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1966-04-05 | Nat Res Corp | Method of making ductile superconductors |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3404026A (en) * | 1965-04-06 | 1968-10-01 | Army Usa | Method of forming magnetic ferrite films |
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