US3338563A - Method of mixing high-strength concrete - Google Patents

Method of mixing high-strength concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
US3338563A
US3338563A US514292A US51429265A US3338563A US 3338563 A US3338563 A US 3338563A US 514292 A US514292 A US 514292A US 51429265 A US51429265 A US 51429265A US 3338563 A US3338563 A US 3338563A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
aggregates
amount
cement
volume
cement glue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US514292A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leling Menno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALLG STRASSENBAUBEDARFS GmbH
Allgemeine Strassenbaubedarfs-Gesellschaft Mbh
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ALLG STRASSENBAUBEDARFS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of US3338563A publication Critical patent/US3338563A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of and device for mixing high-strength concrete of a predetermined composion of aggregates.
  • This object is attained according to the present invention in that to the compacted aggregates a first amount of fluid cement glue is admixed which exactly corresponds to the hollow space volume between the grains as compacted, whereupon subsequently, after repeated consolidation, an additional amount of cement glue is added which corresponds to the volume of hollow spaces additionally resulting from the first added amount of cement glue.
  • the invention further proposes that the volume of the cavities existing in the compacted aggregates be determined with the aid of a measuring liquid, whereas the measuring of the volume of the cavities left after the first admixture of cement glue be effected by observation of the increase in volume.
  • the invention starts from the reflection that the volume of the cavities between aggregates of various grain size groups can be assumed to be differing.
  • the strength of the concrete depends in a high degree on that the binding constituent, namely cement and water, is added in the same proportion as there are hollow spaces.
  • the invention further proposes to compact the aggregates according to the specified constructional conditions and subsequently to determine the cavities still left to receive the cement glue.
  • the process of the invention is carried out on a standard volume or quantity and then figured out for the actually required volumes of concrete.
  • the method of the invention be applied as a measuring method for determining the required exact amount of cement glue for a specified blend of the aggregates to obtain concrete of maximum crushing strength, by subjecting only part of the whole concrete mixture to this method and calculating the total amount of the constituents of the concrete mixture accordingly.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device for carrying out the proposed method, which comprises a resiliently mounted open top case for receiving a standard volume of aggregates, a force plate lowerable from above into said case and a high-frequency vibrator connected with said case.
  • the high-frequency vibrator particularly unbalance vibrator, is conveniently secured to the underside of a rubber body mounted plate on which the case is disposed so as to be removable and secured against transverse displacement by stop means.
  • a stationary graduated scale is provided on which the amount of settling of the force plate can be read off.
  • the volumes can be determined prior to, and after, compacting.
  • the force plate is conveniently moved by a hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical piston.
  • the invention provides, above all, the advantage that it enables the exact amount of cement for obtaining maximum strength concrete to be added to the mixture for any specified grain size combination. What is chosen is merely the grain size composition which has the highest density after compaction, adding then with great accuracy the amount of cement blue which just fills out the cavities. Starting from this method then the required part of cement can readily be calculated, it being expedient that the cement glue has a suitable water-cement coefficient, e.g. of 0.4. This water-cement coefficient is necessary to achieve complete hydration of the cement.
  • the invention consists not only in the mentioned individual features but also in the different possible combinations thereof.
  • the device for carrying out the method of the invention comprises a stationary rigid frame 10 including a cross member 11 on which a plate 12 is resiliently supported, e.g. by means of interposed rubber bodies 13. Disposed on the plate 13 is a case 14 adapted to receive a predetermined unit volume of aggregates 15. The case 14 is removable but secured against transverse displacement on the plate by stop means 16.
  • a highfrequency vibrator 17 Secured to the underside of the plate 12 is a highfrequency vibrator 17 which is preferably of the unbalance type and intended to cause high-frequency vibration of the plate 12 and thus of the case 14 and its contents.
  • the case 14 is upwardly open and a force plate 18 can be lowered therein until it is placed on the aggregates. To this end the force plate 18 is secured to the piston rod referenced 19 of a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure cylinder 20.
  • a graduated scale 21 is provided on the frame 10 and associated with a vertically shiftable pointer 22 of the force plate 18 for cooperation therewith.
  • the aforedescribed device For determining the optimum cement constituent of a concrete mixture with a specified grain blend of the aggregates, the aforedescribed device is operated as follows for carrying out the method of the invention:
  • the aggregates are generally available in three separate grain size groups, viz. -3 mm., 3-7 mm. and 7-15 mm. Of these grain size groups an aggregate is blended which, according to common experience, may be within a suitable range. For carrying out the method of the invention a relatively small amount of about 50 kilograms will be sufficient. These aggregates are completely dried. Subsequently, the individual grain size groups are introduced by weight into the case 14 until there is a standard quantity of about 10 kg., which is considered a suitable quantity. In this quantity the parts of the grain size groups 7-15, 3-7 and 03 may amount e.g. to 60% (6 kg), 5% (0.5 kg.) and 35% (3.5 kg), respectively. These groups are previously mixed.
  • the mixture is compacted for a predetermined period of time by the combined actions of the high-frequency vibrator 17 and the force plate 18 which is hydraulically, pneumatically or even mechanically operated at constant pressure. Then the case 14- is removed from the plate 12 and a measuring liquid, preferably water, is filled in the dry mixture until its level reaches the surface of the aggregate mixture. The quantity of filled-in liquid has previously been measured so that after the filling in operation the volume of the cavities in the aggregate can be determined by the amount of liquid filled in.
  • a measuring liquid preferably water
  • cement glue having a water-cement coefficient, for example, of 0.4 is mixed and then its specific gravity is determined. Subsequently, a quantity of cement glue corresponding to the determined volume of the cavities is added to a new dry standard mixture of the grain blend which has proved suitable, i.e. particularly dense.
  • a concrete mixture is obtained which consists of cement, Water and aggregates of a specific composition. This mixture then is filled again in the case 14 and once more vibrated for a certain period of time while simultaneously subjected to pressure by the force plate 18.
  • the volume of the mixture has somewhat increased as compared with the dry aggregate mixture, which is due to the fact that the cement glue introduces itself between the individual grains of the aggregate, thereby forming new hollow spaces in the mixture which correspond to the increase in volume that has been ascertained.
  • an additional quantity of cement glue is added which corresponds to the increase in volume.
  • the invention enables the exact amount of cement required to attain concrete having maximum compression strength to be added to any specified sand-gravel-mixture.
  • a method of mixing high-strength concrete for any specified composition of the aggregates comprising the steps of compacting the aggregates,
  • volume of the hollow spaces existing in the compacted aggregates is determined by means of a measuring liquid, whereas the volume of the hollow spaces still left after having added said first amount of cement glue is measured by observing the increase in volume.
  • a method of mixing high-strength concrete for any specified composition of the aggregates comprising the steps of compacting the aggregates, adding a first amount of liquid cement glue to the compacted aggregates in a volumetric amount substantially equal to the volumetric void of the aggregates, compacting the aggregate and cement glue admixture, and adding additional cement glue corresponding to the difference in volume of the admixture prior to and after the compacting thereof.
  • the method as defined in claim 3 including the step of determining the volumetric void of the aggregates by introducing a liquid into an identical compacted aggregate and measuring the liquid so introduced into the identical compacted aggregate.
  • a method of mixing high-strength concrete for any specified composition comprising the steps of addin a first amount of liquid cement glue to an aggregate of granular material in a volumetric amount generally equal to the volumetric void of the aggregate, compacting the aggregate and cement glue admixture, and adding additional cement glue corresponding to the difference in volume of the admixture prior to and after the compacting thereof.
  • a method of mixing high-strength concrete for any specified composition comprising the steps of compacting an aggregate of granular material, adding a first amount of liquid cement glue to the ag regate in an amount generally equal to the volumetric void of the aggregate, compacting the aggregate and cement glue admixture, and additional cement glue to the admixture.
  • a method of mixing high-strength concrete for any specified composition comprising the steps of forming an aggregate of granular material, adding a first amount of liquid cement glue to the aggregate in an amount generally equal to the volumetric void of the aggregate, settling the aggregate and cement glue admixture, and adding additional cement glue to the admixture in an amount generally equal to the difference in Volume prior to and after the settling of the admixture.
  • a method of mixing high-strength concrete for any specified composition comprising the steps of forming two generally identical aggregates of granular material, settling both aggregates, determining the volumetric void of one of the aggregates by introducing a measured medium therein, adding a first amount of liquid cement glue to the other aggregate in an amount generally equal to the determined volumetric void, settling the other aggregate and cement glue admixture, and adding additional cement glue to the other admixture in an amount gen- 6 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,667,679 2/1954 Jackman 25-41 3,146,997 9/1964 McKinney 25975 3,153,834 10/1964 Boyer et al. 2541 WALTER A. SCHEEL, Primary Examiner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
US514292A 1964-12-17 1965-12-16 Method of mixing high-strength concrete Expired - Lifetime US3338563A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA47925A DE1216752B (de) 1964-12-17 1964-12-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer einen hochfesten Beton ergebenden Mischung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3338563A true US3338563A (en) 1967-08-29

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US514292A Expired - Lifetime US3338563A (en) 1964-12-17 1965-12-16 Method of mixing high-strength concrete

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3338563A (de)
AT (1) AT263592B (de)
BE (1) BE673835A (de)
CH (1) CH473739A (de)
DE (1) DE1216752B (de)
FR (1) FR1460348A (de)
GB (1) GB1131500A (de)
NL (1) NL6516299A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589686A (en) * 1970-03-16 1971-06-29 Susquehanna Corp Aggregate treatment process and apparatus
FR2359801A1 (fr) * 1976-07-28 1978-02-24 Freyssinet Int Stup Procede de preparation d'un coulis de ciment a prise retardee
US5183332A (en) * 1991-03-26 1993-02-02 Kenji Maeda Kneading method of concrete

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU75276A1 (de) * 1976-07-01 1978-02-08
JPS6235804A (ja) * 1985-08-09 1987-02-16 三菱重工業株式会社 コンクリ−トの製造方法
DE69124091T2 (de) * 1990-02-09 1997-04-17 British Tech Group Int Zusammensetzung zur beschichtung eines substrats
GB2292105B8 (en) * 1994-08-10 1999-07-05 Kameel Diab Sawalha System for producing discrete components or articles from continuous fibre metal matrix composite
CA2215337C (en) * 1996-01-29 2004-12-28 Marcello Toncelli Method and apparatus for the manufacture of cementitious slab products and the resulting products
TW200607690A (en) 2004-07-02 2006-03-01 Siemens Transportation Systems Novel materials for ground vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667679A (en) * 1949-06-01 1954-02-02 Frederick H Jackman Apparatus for molding building blocks
US3146997A (en) * 1961-10-25 1964-09-01 Hoover Ball & Bearing Co Apparatus for leveling bulk material in a container
US3153834A (en) * 1961-04-03 1964-10-27 A P Green Fire Brick Company Apparatus for making metal cased brick

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667679A (en) * 1949-06-01 1954-02-02 Frederick H Jackman Apparatus for molding building blocks
US3153834A (en) * 1961-04-03 1964-10-27 A P Green Fire Brick Company Apparatus for making metal cased brick
US3146997A (en) * 1961-10-25 1964-09-01 Hoover Ball & Bearing Co Apparatus for leveling bulk material in a container

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589686A (en) * 1970-03-16 1971-06-29 Susquehanna Corp Aggregate treatment process and apparatus
FR2359801A1 (fr) * 1976-07-28 1978-02-24 Freyssinet Int Stup Procede de preparation d'un coulis de ciment a prise retardee
US5183332A (en) * 1991-03-26 1993-02-02 Kenji Maeda Kneading method of concrete
US5302018A (en) * 1991-03-26 1994-04-12 Kenji Maeda Concrete kneading apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6516299A (de) 1966-06-20
AT263592B (de) 1968-07-25
CH473739A (de) 1969-06-15
FR1460348A (fr) 1966-11-25
BE673835A (de) 1966-04-15
DE1216752B (de) 1966-05-12
GB1131500A (en) 1968-10-23

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