US3327251A - Resonance isolator reciprocally absorbing second harmonic power - Google Patents

Resonance isolator reciprocally absorbing second harmonic power Download PDF

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Publication number
US3327251A
US3327251A US446851A US44685165A US3327251A US 3327251 A US3327251 A US 3327251A US 446851 A US446851 A US 446851A US 44685165 A US44685165 A US 44685165A US 3327251 A US3327251 A US 3327251A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mode
frequency
band
isolator
gyromagnetic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US446851A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr John J Degan
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US446851A priority Critical patent/US3327251A/en
Priority to FR54485A priority patent/FR1474302A/fr
Priority to GB12506/66A priority patent/GB1122485A/en
Priority to BE678332D priority patent/BE678332A/xx
Priority to NL6604534A priority patent/NL6604534A/xx
Priority to DEW41303A priority patent/DE1279147B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3327251A publication Critical patent/US3327251A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/36—Isolators
    • H01P1/365—Resonance absorption isolators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to nonreciprocal electromagnetic Wave transmission systems and more particularly to isolators which allow wave energy in a given frequency band to travel in one -direction but which attenuate wave energy in the band as well as harmonics thereof which travel in the opposite direction.
  • isolators have been in the output of magnetrons, glystrons and other microwave generators which have outputs rich in harmonics. These harmonics are not isolated by present isolators and when refiected lback into the source, produce long line effects and oscillator pulling to an undesirable extent even though reiiections at the fundamental are suppressed. While separate filters can, of course, be employed to eliminate the harmonics, the eXtra components add substantially to the expense and bulk of the equipment.
  • FiG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a harmonic selective isolator in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 given for the purpose of explanation, is a sim- ICC plified cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. l showing electric field distribution of certain modes of wave propagation therein.
  • the usual cornponents of the isolator comprise a section 10 of conductively bounded rectangular waveguide having internal transverse cross-sectional dimensions which support the dominant TEIO mode of propagation in the frequency band of interest but are cut off to higher order modes in this band.
  • a section 10 of conductively bounded rectangular waveguide having internal transverse cross-sectional dimensions which support the dominant TEIO mode of propagation in the frequency band of interest but are cut off to higher order modes in this band.
  • a thin vane L1 of ferrite or other gyromagnetic material is a thin vane L1 of ferrite or other gyromagnetic material.
  • vane 11 preferably on the center line side thereof, is a thicker slab 12 of high dielectric material, such as alumina or aluminum oxide, having tapered end sections.
  • Slab 12 serves both to aid in the support of the fragile vane 11 and also to increase in known ways the energy level and effectiveness of circular polarization at the position of vane 11.
  • Vane 11 is magnetically polarized by a C-shaped magnet 13 having pole pieces bearing against the top and bottom broad walls of guide 10 to direct a magnetic field through the guide perpendicular to these walls.
  • a magnetic shunt 14, formed from a steel alloy having a suitable reluctance versus temperature characteristic is placed against magnet 13 to bypass an amount of fiux which varies with temperature in accordance with the principles analyzed in further detail in an article entitled, Temperature Compensation of Ferrite Isolators by G. Wheeler and P. Rajcok, Microwave Journal, February 1959.
  • vanes 15 and 16 yare located on either side of members 111 and 12 within guide 10 and spaced therein nearer to the narrow walls of the guide than to the center line thereof.
  • Each resistive vane may be constructed from a thin card of dielectric material that has -been provided with end tapers at each of its ends and then covered on at least one face :by a film of resistive material.
  • vanes 15 and 16 may be formed from a lossy dielectric.
  • FIG. 2 shows the relative positions of the 'component parts of FIG. l together with a superimposed representation of the electric field distribution of the dominant TEM, mode at the fundamental frequency f and the TESO mode of the harmonic frequency 2f.
  • Curve 21 therefore represents the energy to which nonreciprocal absorption is introduced by ferrite vane 11 in accordance with the prior art.
  • the newly generated TEBO mode has substantial electric field components at the position of vanes 15 and 16 and is substantially dissipated thereby while the energy remaining in the dominant mode at the fundamental frequency has only small intensity in these same positions and is only incidentally effected.
  • vanes 15 and 16 corresponds to that of the maximum difference between the electric field intensities of the dominant TEM) mode at the fundamental frequency f and the TEM, mode at the harmonic lfrequency 2f. This in turn depends upon the physical dimensions of the ferrite and dielectric vanes, their respective ⁇ dielectric constants and the dimensions of the waveguide and Imay best be determined empirically.
  • nickel alumina ferrite vane 11 had a thickness approximately one-tenth that of A1203 member 12 which in turn had a width approximately ⁇ onetenth of the waveguide width.
  • An isolator comprising a conductively bounded rectangular waveguide having wide and narrow transverse dimensions for supporting electromagnetic wave energy in a given frequency 'band in the dominant TEN mode
  • An anharmonic resonance isolator comprising a conductively bounded rectangular waveguide having Wide and narrow transverse dimensions for supporting-electromagnetic wave energy in a given frequency band in the dominant TEN mode, an elongated member of gyromagnetic material positionedwithin said waveguide at a point of predominant circular polarization of said mode, means for magnetically polarizing said member to ferromagnetic resonance in said given band, and a pair of resistive vanes each spaced along said wide dimension from said gyromagnetic member on either side thereof at a point of substantial electric field intensity of the TE mode in a band substantially twice the frequency of said given band.
  • An anharrnonic resonance isolator comprising a conductively bonded rectangular waveguide for supportf ing electromagnetic wave energy in a given frequency band in the dominant TEM, mode, an elongated member of gyromagnetic material positioned asymmetrically within said waveguide at a point displacedto one side of the cent-er line of said guide, means for magnetically polariz-k tion of a higher order mode at a frequency twice the frequency of said given band as compared to absorption of said TEM, mode in said given band.
  • a source of electromagnetic wave energy having fundamental components in a given frequency band and harmonics in a band substantially twice said given band a load isolator for preventing reflections into said source of both said fundamental and said harmonics, said isolator comprising a conductively bounded rectangular waveguide having wide and narrow transverse dimensions for supporting wave energy in said given band in the TEW mode, an elongated member of gyromagnetic material positioned Iwithin said waveguide at a point of predominant circular polarization of said mode, means for magnetically polarizing said mem-ber to ferromagnetic resonance in said given band, a slab of dielectric material positioned adjacent to said member, and a pair of resistive vanes each spaced along said wide dimensions from said gyromagnetic member at a point of substantial electric field intensity difference between the TE30 mode of said harmonics and said TElO mode of said fundamental.

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  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
US446851A 1965-04-09 1965-04-09 Resonance isolator reciprocally absorbing second harmonic power Expired - Lifetime US3327251A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US446851A US3327251A (en) 1965-04-09 1965-04-09 Resonance isolator reciprocally absorbing second harmonic power
FR54485A FR1474302A (fr) 1965-04-09 1966-03-22 Systèmes de transmission d'ondes électro-magnétiques
GB12506/66A GB1122485A (en) 1965-04-09 1966-03-22 Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic wave energy isolators
BE678332D BE678332A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-04-09 1966-03-23
NL6604534A NL6604534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-04-09 1966-04-05
DEW41303A DE1279147B (de) 1965-04-09 1966-04-06 Hohlleiter-Resonanzisolator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US446851A US3327251A (en) 1965-04-09 1965-04-09 Resonance isolator reciprocally absorbing second harmonic power

Publications (1)

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US3327251A true US3327251A (en) 1967-06-20

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US446851A Expired - Lifetime US3327251A (en) 1965-04-09 1965-04-09 Resonance isolator reciprocally absorbing second harmonic power

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US (1) US3327251A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE678332A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1279147B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1122485A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6604534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919673A (en) * 1974-06-05 1975-11-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal absorption filter
EP0164224A1 (en) * 1984-05-09 1985-12-11 BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company Isolator for microwave electromagnetic radiation
US5948718A (en) * 1991-04-19 1999-09-07 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Dielectric ceramic polarizer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2599720A (en) * 2020-10-09 2022-04-13 Elekta ltd RF source protection

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903656A (en) * 1955-12-22 1959-09-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal circuit element
US2922964A (en) * 1955-06-09 1960-01-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal wave transmission
US3247472A (en) * 1963-03-06 1966-04-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave devices exhibiting mode conversion using a resonantly biased gyromagnetic material

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3076946A (en) * 1953-06-17 1963-02-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal rectangular wave guide device
US3063028A (en) * 1960-05-05 1962-11-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Enhanced gyromagnetic effect in nonreciprocal wave transmission

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2922964A (en) * 1955-06-09 1960-01-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal wave transmission
US2903656A (en) * 1955-12-22 1959-09-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal circuit element
US3247472A (en) * 1963-03-06 1966-04-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave devices exhibiting mode conversion using a resonantly biased gyromagnetic material

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919673A (en) * 1974-06-05 1975-11-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal absorption filter
EP0164224A1 (en) * 1984-05-09 1985-12-11 BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company Isolator for microwave electromagnetic radiation
US4918410A (en) * 1984-05-09 1990-04-17 Britist Telecommunications, Public Limited Company Isolator for microwave electromagnetic radiation
US5948718A (en) * 1991-04-19 1999-09-07 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Dielectric ceramic polarizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6604534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-10
BE678332A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-09-01
DE1279147B (de) 1968-10-03
GB1122485A (en) 1968-08-07

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