US3326714A - Wear and corrosion resistant coating - Google Patents

Wear and corrosion resistant coating Download PDF

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Publication number
US3326714A
US3326714A US336353A US33635364A US3326714A US 3326714 A US3326714 A US 3326714A US 336353 A US336353 A US 336353A US 33635364 A US33635364 A US 33635364A US 3326714 A US3326714 A US 3326714A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wear
coating
ferrochrome
corrosion resistant
tungsten carbide
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Expired - Lifetime
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US336353A
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Ronald H Rath
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/932—Abrasive or cutting feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12139—Nonmetal particles in particulate component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

Definitions

  • Boiler tubes for example, must be wear resistant and at the same time be able to withstand the corrosive effects of the flue gases.
  • certain pump shafts, packing seals, and pump impellers need to be both wear resistant and corrosion or oxidation resistant where a corrosive abrasive fluid is used.
  • some seals must also be self-mating in an environment of sandy mud and water.
  • the coating is formed from a mixture of from 20-60% ferrochrome by weight, the balance being tungsten carbide.
  • the coating consists of 40% ferrochrome.
  • ferrochrome is here meant to mean an iron-chromium compound having about 67% by weight chromium.
  • the preferred method for applying the coating is the arc torch powder coating process described in US. Patent No. 3,016,447. Such process yields a coating that is highly dense with a lamellar, overlapping leaf structure.
  • the coating may be applied to either metals or non-metals so long as the surface is cleaned and roughened sufficiently to grab the powder as it is applied.
  • the coatings could be applied to steel, aluminum, graphite, or a reinforced resin.
  • the amount of ferrochrome should be between 20 and 60% by weight, the balance being tungsten carbide. Pure ferrochrome will yield a good corrosion or oxidation resistant coating. However, its wear resistant qualities will be low. The addition of tungsten carbide will increase the hardness of the coating so as to make it wear resistant. However, if too much tungsten carbide is added, the coating becomes pitted which in itself is an indication of a lack of inherent strength. On the other hand, if an insufiicient amount of tungsten carbide is added there will be no appreciable increase in the wear resistance of the coating.
  • the ferrochrome and the tungsten carbide Prior to mixing the powders and passing them through the torch, the ferrochrome and the tungsten carbide are ground to a range of powder sizes that have been found to be critical. Generally, for the ferrochrome, it has been found that the average particle diameter should be between 8 and 12 on the Fisher scale. If the size is less than 8, there will be a tendency for the coating to crack. On the other hand when the size gets much beyond 12, the coating becomes pitted. For the tungsten car-bide, the average particles should be at least 4.5 on the Fisher scale otherwise deposition of the compound is prohibitive. The upper limit of the tungsten carbide, for the present, appears to be the commercial availability of these powders, the limit being 6.5.
  • EXAMPLE II Twenty percent by weight ferrochrome was mixed with 80% by weight tungsten carbide. Both powders had the same particle size as Example I. This powder mixture 20 was passed through the torch at a feed rate of 31-36 g./min. The same torch parameters as Example I above were used (argon, nitrogen, amperage, voltage, CO and standoff).
  • the two above coatings were tested and found to have a hardness range of 750-1000 UPN with excellent wet abrasion wear resistance.
  • Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture comp-rising a base material and a refractory material adherently bonded thereto, said coating comprising from 20% to 60% by weight of ferrochrome and the remainder tungsten carbide.
  • Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 in which said coating contains about 40% ferrochrome and about 60% tungsten carbide. 5. Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1, in which the ferrochrome contains about 67 by weight of chromium, and at least 7% of carbon.

Description

United States Patent 3,326,714 WEAR AND CORROSION RESISTANT COATHNG Ronald I-I. Kath, Indianapolis, Ind, assignor to Union Carbide Corporation, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed Jan. 8, 1964, Ser. No. 336,353 5 Claims. (Cl. 117-931) This invention relates to wear and corrosion resistant coatings.
There are many commercial applications in which the surfaces of mechanical elements need to be Very wear resistant and at the same time corrosion and oxidation resistant. Boiler tubes, for example, must be wear resistant and at the same time be able to withstand the corrosive effects of the flue gases. Likewise, certain pump shafts, packing seals, and pump impellers need to be both wear resistant and corrosion or oxidation resistant where a corrosive abrasive fluid is used. In addition, some seals must also be self-mating in an environment of sandy mud and water.
It is therefore the main object of the present invention to provide a wear and corrosion resistant coating of general application to satisfy these requirements.
According to the present invention, the coating is formed from a mixture of from 20-60% ferrochrome by weight, the balance being tungsten carbide. In the preferred form of the invention, the coating consists of 40% ferrochrome. The term ferrochrome is here meant to mean an iron-chromium compound having about 67% by weight chromium.
The preferred method for applying the coating is the arc torch powder coating process described in US. Patent No. 3,016,447. Such process yields a coating that is highly dense with a lamellar, overlapping leaf structure. The coating may be applied to either metals or non-metals so long as the surface is cleaned and roughened sufficiently to grab the powder as it is applied. For example, the coatings could be applied to steel, aluminum, graphite, or a reinforced resin.
As previously stated, the amount of ferrochrome should be between 20 and 60% by weight, the balance being tungsten carbide. Pure ferrochrome will yield a good corrosion or oxidation resistant coating. However, its wear resistant qualities will be low. The addition of tungsten carbide will increase the hardness of the coating so as to make it wear resistant. However, if too much tungsten carbide is added, the coating becomes pitted which in itself is an indication of a lack of inherent strength. On the other hand, if an insufiicient amount of tungsten carbide is added there will be no appreciable increase in the wear resistance of the coating.
Prior to mixing the powders and passing them through the torch, the ferrochrome and the tungsten carbide are ground to a range of powder sizes that have been found to be critical. Generally, for the ferrochrome, it has been found that the average particle diameter should be between 8 and 12 on the Fisher scale. If the size is less than 8, there will be a tendency for the coating to crack. On the other hand when the size gets much beyond 12, the coating becomes pitted. For the tungsten car-bide, the average particles should be at least 4.5 on the Fisher scale otherwise deposition of the compound is prohibitive. The upper limit of the tungsten carbide, for the present, appears to be the commercial availability of these powders, the limit being 6.5.
Upon analysis of the ferrochrome, it has been found that it should contain at least 7% carbon otherwise the coating will have poor wear resistance.
The following examples illustrate the novel coating. In the examples, apparatus of the general type depicted in the previously mentioned US. Patent No. 3,016,447 was used. The torch had a thoriated tungsten stick electrode and a copper nozzle anode.
3,326,714 Patented June 20, 1967 EXAMPLE 1 Forty percent by weight ferrochrome was mixed with 60% by weight tungsten carbide (WC). The powder particle size of the ferrochrome was between 8-12 on the Fisher scale, and for the WC, about 5.7. This powder mixture was passed through the torch at a feed rate of 31-33 g./min. Argon was fed through the torch and nitrogen was used as a shield gas to protect the melted powder from oxidation. Torch amperage was 150 amps 10 with a load voltage of 55-60 volts. Sufficient CO (approx. 4.6 lbs/min.) was used to maintain the workpiece temperature at 90-l70 F. Several test samples including cast iron and steel were coated with a torch standoff 5 of V inch to a thickness of .007-.010 inch.
EXAMPLE II Twenty percent by weight ferrochrome was mixed with 80% by weight tungsten carbide. Both powders had the same particle size as Example I. This powder mixture 20 was passed through the torch at a feed rate of 31-36 g./min. The same torch parameters as Example I above were used (argon, nitrogen, amperage, voltage, CO and standoff).
Steel samples and aluminum test seals were coated to a thickness of .008 to .022 inch.
The two above coatings were tested and found to have a hardness range of 750-1000 UPN with excellent wet abrasion wear resistance.
Other apparatus on which the coating has been used are a pump impeller and cover, cast iron shafts, carbon steel knife blades, steel wire drawing rolls, .003" copper shim guides, steel saw blades, steel grass cutting blades for tractors, and aluminum seals for tractors. In all of these applications, ferrochrome and 60% tungsten 0 carbide was used as the coating composition.
What is claimed is:
1. Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture comp-rising a base material and a refractory material adherently bonded thereto, said coating comprising from 20% to 60% by weight of ferrochrome and the remainder tungsten carbide.
2. Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1, in which the particle size on the Fisher scale are ferrochrome between 8 and 12, and tungsten carbide between 4.5 and 6.5, and are plated onto said base material.
3. Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1, in which the particle size on the Fisher scale are ferrochrome between 8 and 12, and tungsten carbide between 4.5 and 6.5.
4. Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1, in which said coating contains about 40% ferrochrome and about 60% tungsten carbide. 5. Wear and corrosion resistant article of manufacture as claimed in claim 1, in which the ferrochrome contains about 67 by weight of chromium, and at least 7% of carbon.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,942,970 6/1960 Goetzel et al. 11713l X 2,964,420 12/1960 Poorman et al. 117127 X 2,972,550 2/1961 Pelton 117-105.2 X 3,016,447 12/1962 Gage et al.
3,071,678 1/1963 Neely et al.
3,101,274 8/1963 Beyerstedt et al. 117-131 X 3,258,817 7/1966 Smiley 29195 X 3,260,579 7/1966 Scales et al 29-195 ALFRED L. LEAVITT, Primary Examiner.
R. S. KENDALL, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. WEAR AND CORROSION RESISTANT ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE COMPRISING A BASE MATERIAL AND A REFRACTORY MATERIAL ADHERENTLY BONDED THERETO, SAID COATING COMPRISING FROM 20% TO 60% BY WEIGHT OF FERROCHROME AND THE REMAINDER TUNGSTEN CARBIDE.
US336353A 1964-01-08 1964-01-08 Wear and corrosion resistant coating Expired - Lifetime US3326714A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2356616A1 (en) * 1972-11-17 1974-05-22 Union Carbide Corp ABRASION RESISTANT BEARING MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
US3836394A (en) * 1971-07-29 1974-09-17 Alusuisse Method of manufacture of a conductor rail
JPS4947616B1 (en) * 1969-08-08 1974-12-17
FR2307214A1 (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-11-05 Eutectic Corp COATING OF BOILER TUBES WITH AN ALLOY MATRIX CONTAINING A REFRACTORY CONSTITUENT IN DISPERSION
US4075392A (en) * 1976-09-30 1978-02-21 Eutectic Corporation Alloy-coated ferrous metal substrate
DE3049641C2 (en) * 1979-06-28 1983-11-24 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo K.K., Toyota, Aichi Sliding element
US20050136279A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Xiangyang Jiang Chrome composite materials
US20050132843A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Xiangyang Jiang Chrome composite materials
US20100080921A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Beardsley M Brad Thermal spray coatings for reduced hexavalent and leachable chromuim byproducts
US20130146426A1 (en) * 2011-12-08 2013-06-13 Pranesh Raghunath Dhond Anti-corosive light weight rollers for conveyor systems

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2942970A (en) * 1955-04-19 1960-06-28 Sintercast Corp America Production of hollow thermal elements
US2964420A (en) * 1955-06-14 1960-12-13 Union Carbide Corp Refractory coated body
US2972550A (en) * 1958-05-28 1961-02-21 Union Carbide Corp Flame plating using detonation reactants
US3016447A (en) * 1956-12-31 1962-01-09 Union Carbide Corp Collimated electric arc-powder deposition process
US3071678A (en) * 1960-11-15 1963-01-01 Union Carbide Corp Arc welding process and apparatus
US3101274A (en) * 1958-06-23 1963-08-20 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Process of applying wear resistant metal coatings
US3258817A (en) * 1962-11-15 1966-07-05 Exxon Production Research Co Method of preparing composite hard metal material with metallic binder
US3260579A (en) * 1962-02-14 1966-07-12 Hughes Tool Co Hardfacing structure

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2942970A (en) * 1955-04-19 1960-06-28 Sintercast Corp America Production of hollow thermal elements
US2964420A (en) * 1955-06-14 1960-12-13 Union Carbide Corp Refractory coated body
US3016447A (en) * 1956-12-31 1962-01-09 Union Carbide Corp Collimated electric arc-powder deposition process
US2972550A (en) * 1958-05-28 1961-02-21 Union Carbide Corp Flame plating using detonation reactants
US3101274A (en) * 1958-06-23 1963-08-20 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Process of applying wear resistant metal coatings
US3071678A (en) * 1960-11-15 1963-01-01 Union Carbide Corp Arc welding process and apparatus
US3260579A (en) * 1962-02-14 1966-07-12 Hughes Tool Co Hardfacing structure
US3258817A (en) * 1962-11-15 1966-07-05 Exxon Production Research Co Method of preparing composite hard metal material with metallic binder

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4947616B1 (en) * 1969-08-08 1974-12-17
US3836394A (en) * 1971-07-29 1974-09-17 Alusuisse Method of manufacture of a conductor rail
DE2356616A1 (en) * 1972-11-17 1974-05-22 Union Carbide Corp ABRASION RESISTANT BEARING MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
US3941903A (en) * 1972-11-17 1976-03-02 Union Carbide Corporation Wear-resistant bearing material and a process for making it
FR2307214A1 (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-11-05 Eutectic Corp COATING OF BOILER TUBES WITH AN ALLOY MATRIX CONTAINING A REFRACTORY CONSTITUENT IN DISPERSION
US4075376A (en) * 1975-04-11 1978-02-21 Eutectic Corporation Boiler tube coating and method for applying the same
US4075392A (en) * 1976-09-30 1978-02-21 Eutectic Corporation Alloy-coated ferrous metal substrate
DE3049641C2 (en) * 1979-06-28 1983-11-24 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo K.K., Toyota, Aichi Sliding element
US20050136279A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Xiangyang Jiang Chrome composite materials
US20050132843A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Xiangyang Jiang Chrome composite materials
US20100080921A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Beardsley M Brad Thermal spray coatings for reduced hexavalent and leachable chromuim byproducts
US20130146426A1 (en) * 2011-12-08 2013-06-13 Pranesh Raghunath Dhond Anti-corosive light weight rollers for conveyor systems

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