US3315388A

US3315388A - Display device

Info

Publication number: US3315388A
Application number: US482852A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert J Stahl
Original assignee: Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Current assignee: GTE Sylvania Inc
Priority date: 1965-08-26
Filing date: 1965-08-26
Publication date: 1967-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 1984-04-25

Description

R. J. STAHL DISPLAY DEVICE April 25, 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 26, 1965 INVENTOR. Roamr J. 5mm

Mf W

47 TORNE Y R. J. STAHL DISPLAY DEVICE April 25, 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 26, 1965 INVENTOR. Haas/er J 5mm ATTORNEY R. J. STAHL DISPLAY DEVICE April 25, 1967 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 26, 1965 OT GOOHQU O" O 9 0 00 9 4 Z 0 4 Q 0 oocQoo o do 000060 0 0 coo 16 h h IQ i 7 OQO 7 3 0 6 m 4 "0 6 4 n 2 O O A INVENTOR. ROBERT J. 57/1/44 ATTOR/VfY 3,315,388 Patented Apr. 25, 1967 ice 3,315,388 DISPLAY DEVICE Robert J. Stahl, New York, N.Y., assignor to Sylvania Electric Products Inc, a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 26, 1965, Ser. No. 482,852 7 Claims. (Cl. 40-28) This invention relates to display devices and more particularly to display devices for receiving a signal representing intelligence in one numbering system and providing a visual display of the intelligence in another numbering system.

The prior art suggests a number of systems for visually displaying intelligence in a numbering system which differs from the numbering system utilized to activate the device. For example, one known system suggests four over-lapping code plates. and a code mask disposed intermediate a light source and a display area. Each of the code plates may be shifted vertically from a first to a second position while the code mask remains stationary. Thus, by vertically shifting one or more of the code plates in accordance with one numbering system, light from a source is permitted to pass therethrough to provide a visual display in another numbering system.

In another system of which applicant is aware, a translucent screen is spaced from an illumination source and a series of indicia plates are positioned between the illumination source and the translucent screen so that light reaching the screen must pass through all of the indicia plates. Thus, by displacing one or a plurality of indicia plates from their normal position, light passes through the remaining plates to provide a visual display.

Still another system suggests a pair of apertured code plates disposed intermediate a light source and a translucent screen. Herein, the code plates have freedom of movement in two directions and by relative movement therebetween, in accordance with a coded signal, permit passage of light therethrough.

However, all of the known systems for providing a visual display of intelligence in one numbering system in response to an input signal in another numbering system disadvantageously employ either a plurality of code plates having freedom of movement in only one direction or a reduced number of code plates having freedom of movement in two directions. Also, none of the known systems are advantageously of the non-volatile type, which may be defined as a type which provides a visual display during the period when external power or signals are not applied thereto, nor do they include a desirable non-destructive memory wherein an interruption of applied power has no effect upon the character being visually displayed.

Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide an enhanced device for visually displaying intelligence in one numbering system in response to a received signal representing intelligence in another numbering system.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the number of indicia plates required to provide a device for visually displaying intelligence in one numbering system in response to a received signal representing intelligence in another numbering system.

A further object of the invention is to increase the number of directions of freedom of an indicia plate for a visual display device.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a non-volatile device for visually displaying intelligence in one numbering system in response to a received signal representing intelligence in another numbering system.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a non-volatile visual display device having a non-destructive memory.

Briefly, these and other objects are achieved in one aspect of the invention by a visual display device having means for providing a visual display representing intelligence in a first numbering system and a means for receiving a signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system and mechanically translating the received signal to cause activation of the visual display means. More specifically, a preferred embodiment of the visual display device has a visual display means and a selecting and activating means. The display means includes an enclosure having a transparent surface and containing an array of elements, a support for the array, and an opaque fluid. The selecting and activating means includes a code plate having indicia and means for mechanically directing the movement of the code plate in response to a signal received in a second numbering system.

In the operation of the device, the support for the array resiliently holds the elements in a first longitudinal position spaced from the transparent surface permitting the opaque fluid to be disposed between the elements and the surface. Upon receipt of a signal, the code plate having indicia thereon and freedom of movement in at least three directions in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the elements and at least two longitudinal locations is shifted longitudinally and then normal to the longitudinal axis by the selecting and activating means to provide alignment between certain of the indicia and certain selected elements of the array. Upon removal of the applied sign-a1, the code plate is returned to the original longitudinal location by resilient means and urges the certain selected elements of the array from a first longitudinal position to a second longitudinal position displacing the opaque fluid between the elements and the transparent surface and providing a visual dis play.

For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration depicting one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 4 is an alternate embodiment of a cut-away section of a code plate applicable to the invention.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a visual display device 5 which includes a substantially rectangularly-shaped enclosure 7 having

sidewalls

9, 11, 13, and 15, respectively, and a transparent surface 17. Four

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25, respectively, are disposed at substantially right angles with respect to each other with one of the four

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25 immediately adjacent each of the four

sidewalls

9, 11, 13, and 15.

Each of the

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25 has an

arm

27, 29, 31, and 33, respectively, which extends through the

adjacent sidewalls

9, 11, 13, and 15 and each of the

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25 is individually actuable by an electrical signal in a manner Well known in the art. Also, the distance of travel or throw of each of the

arms

29 and 31 of two of the

solenoids

21 and 23 is twice the distance of travel or throw of the

arms

27 and 33 of the two

solenoids

19 and 25 in diametrical opposition thereto. An explanation of this difference in travel or throw will be included hereinafter. Further, the

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25 have been designated l, 2, 8, 4 representative of the well-known binary code and the purpose of the designation will also be explained hereinafter.

As can be observed through the transparent surface 17, an array of elements 35 in predetermined arrangement is contained within the enclosure 7. Certain ones (solid lines) are readily observed by the viewer while other (dotted lines) are undistinguishable. As will be explained hereinafter, the elements are utilized to provide a visual display in a first numbering system.

Referring to FIG. 2 which is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 taken along the line 2-2, the display device 5 includes a display portion 37 for providing a visual display in a first numbering system and a selecting and activating portion 39 cooperating therewith and mechanically translating a received signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system to the first numbering system.

The display portion 37 includes the enclosure 7 having the transparent surface 17 and containing the array of elements 35, a support plate 41, and an opaque fluid 43. Each of the elements 35 includes an interconnected shaped portion 45 and guide portion 47 and extends in the direction of a longitudinal axis substantially normal to a plane passing through the transparent surface 17.

The support plate 41 is spaced from the transparent surface 17 along the longitudinal axis and fixedly attached to the enclosure 7. The guide portion 47 of each of the elements 35 passes through and is in slidable engagement with the support plate 41. Also, the support plate 41 predetermines the arrangement of the array of elements 35 and includes a spring 49 positioned about each of the guide portions 47 and intermediate a stop plate 50 thereon and the support plate 41 whereby each of the shaped portions 45 of the elements 35 are resiliently restrained in a first position longitudinally spaced from the transparent surface 17.

The opaque fluid 43, which may be in the form of a black pigment suspended in a light oil for example, substantially surrounds the shaped portion 45 of the elements 35 located in the above-mentioned first position longitudinally spaced from the transparent surface 17. Thus, the relatively high light attenuation obtainable with a very thin layer of such fluids is utilized to render the elements 35 indistinguishable to a viewer when the elements 35 are located at the above-mentioned first position longitudinally spaced from the transparent surface 17.

Activation of the display portion 37 is provided by the selecting and activating portion 39 in accordance with a received signal in a second numbering system. The selecting and activating portion 39 includes a code plate 51 and an electromechanical mechanism 53 for directing the mechanical movements of the code plate 51 in accordance with a received signal in the second numbering system.

Generally, the code plate 51 is longitudinally spaced from the support plate 41 and includes indicia which in this particular embodiment is in the form of apertures 55 and fiat surfaces 57. As will be explained hereinafter, the discrete location of the apertures 55 and fiat surfaces 57 and the cooperative relationship therebetween and the elements 35 serve to determine the visual display presented.

The electromechanical mechanism 53 which serves to direct the movement of the code plate 51 includes the previously mentioned four

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25, FIG. 1, located at substantially right angles to each other and immediately adjacent the

sidewalls

9, 11, 13, and 15, respectively, of the enclosure 7; spring members 59 located intermediate to and in contact with the code plate 51 and each of the

sidewalls

9, 11, 13, and 15, respectively; resilient members 61 disposed intermediate and contacting the code plate 51 and a back surface 63 of the enclosure 7; and a solenoid 65 having an arm 67 passing through the back surface 63 of the enclosure 7 and afiixed to the code plate 51.

As can be readily observed, the code plate 51 is resiliently suspended by the spring members 59 to provide freedom of movement thereof in four directions in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis. Also, the previously mentioned distance of travel of the two

solenoids

19 and 25 in cooperation with the

solenoids

21 and 23 provides four distinct vertical and four distinct lateral locations or a total of sixteen possible locations of the code plate 51 in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis.

Further, the resilient members 61 in cooperation with the arm 67 of the solenoid 65 which is affixed to the code plate 51 provide at least two longitudinal locations for the code plate 51. More specifically, the code plate 51 has a force exerted thereon by the resilient members 61 and is longitudinally displaced by the arm 67 upon signal activation of the solenoid 65. Upon removal of the signal applied to the solenoid 65, the resilient members 61 urge to code plate 51 to the original longitudinal location.

Referring more specifically to the code plate 51 and the illustration thereof in FIG. 3, the code plate 51 includes a plurality of apertures 55 and flat surfaces 57 discretely located in a predetermined arrangement. These apertures 55 and fiat surfaces 57 are segregated into a 5 x 7 array of areas 58 and each of the areas 58 includes a 4 x 4 combination of apertures 55 and flat surfaces 57. Thus, each of the areas 58 provides sixteen location possibilities and each of these location possibilities may be in the form of either an aperture 55 or a fiat surface 57. Moreover, each of the areas 58 is associated with one of the elements 35 of the display array.

In describing the operation of translating a received signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system to a signal representing intelligence in a first numbering system, it has been established that the code plate 51 is resiliently supported by the spring members 59 and has freedom of movement a plane normal to the longitudinal axis. For purposes of explanation which will be clarified in the description of the operation of the device 5, let it be assumed that a display element 35 is positioned at the same location possibility 69 in each of the areas 58 and that the display element is activated whenever a fiat surface 57 appears at this location possibility 69 and not activated whenever an aperture 55 appears thereat.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the inactivated or normal location of the code plate 51 provides a fiat surface 57 at the location possibility 69 in the three central areas 58 of the top and bottom rowsand in the two outside areas 58 of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth rows of the 5 x 7 array. At the location possibility 69 in all of the other areas 58 there is provided an aperture 55. Thus, at the inactivated or normal position of the code plate 51, the display elements 35 representative of the decimal character 0 are activated.

Assuming it is desired to alter the visual display and provide a character 7 in the decimal or first numbering system in response to a signal received in the second or binary coded decimal system, an activating signal would be applied to the solenoid 65 of FIG. 2 as well as to the

solenoids

19, 21, and 25 of FIG. 1. Also, the activating signals applied to the solenoids 19, 2.1, and 25 would be representative of the

values

1, 2 and 4 respectively.

Upon receipt of these signals, the arm 67 of the solenoid 65 urges the code plate 51 along the longitudinal axis in opposition to the force exerted thereon by the resilient members 61 causing disengagement of the code plate 51 and guide members 47. The first solenoid 19 would urge the code plate 51 one position to the right, the second solenoid 21 urges the code plate two positions vertically downward, and the third solenoid 25 urges the code plate 51 one position vertically upward. As a result, the code plate 51 would be shifted one lateral position to the right and one vertical position downward.

in four directions in As can be seen in FIG. 3, the above-described shift in location of the code plate 51 provides a flat surface 57, designated by the numeral 7 in the diagram, at the location possibility 70 in all of the areas 58 of the top row and all of the areas 58 of the right-hand column. In all of the other areas 58 an aperture 55 is present at the location possibility 70. Thus, a flat surface 57 is aligned with a display element 35 in each of the areas 58 necessary to provide the decimal character 7.

Upon removal of the energization applied to the solenoid 65, the resilient members 61 urge the code plate 51 back to the original longitudinal location. Thereupon, the code plate 51 urges the shaped portion 45 of the certain selected elements 35 from a first to a second location along the longitudinal axis. The progression of the shaped portion 45 of the certain selected elements 35 along the longitudinal axis displaces the opaque fluid intermediate thereto and the transparent surface 17. As a result, the shaped portion 45 of the certain selected elements 35 becomes distinguishable and a visual display of the character 7 in a decimal or first numbering system is provided.

Since the visual display is dependent upon the axial location of the code plate 51 and the code plate 51 is maintained in a normal location by the resilient members 61 and axially displaced upon energization of the solenoid 65, it can be readily understood that the display device 5 is of the non-volatile type. In other words, power is required to alter the presented display but once altered, the display is independent of a power source.

Further, the display device utilizes the exponential light attenuation-thickness relationship characteristic of light absorbing fluids and requires no power consuming devices to provide a visual indication. Thus, the device is of the non-destructive memory type since no power is consumed to provide the display and a formed character display remains until altered by an applied signal.

An alternate embodiment of the above-described display device 5 is illustrated in FIG. 4. Herein, there is provided a code plate 71 which may be incorporated into the device 5 as a substitute for the code plate 51. This code plate 71 also includes a plurality of discretely located smooth surfaces 79 in a plane displaced from the plane of the planar surface 77.

In a manner similar to the previously described operation, a signal applied to the solenoid 65 causes a longitudinal displacement of the code plate 71. Then, signals applied to the

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25, respectively, cause a shift in the code plate 71 in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis whereupon either a planar surface 77 or a smooth surface 79 of the code plate 71 is aligned with certain selected elements 35. Upon removal of the energization applied to the solenoid 65, the code plate 71 is returned to the original longitudinal location by the resilient members 61 causing a longitudinal displacement of the certain selected elements 35 aligned with the planar surfaces 77 to provide a visual display.

In another embodiment, the support plate 41 is resiliently upheld by spring members 59 in a manner similar to the code plate 51 of the display device 5. Also four solenoids would be disposed at right angles to each other in substantially the same manner as the

solenoids

19, 21, 23, and 25, respectively, of the device 5. Thus, the support plate 41 as well as the code plate 51 would have freedom of movement in four directions in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis and four possible positional locations in both a horizontal and vertical direction.

Since the solenoids adjacent to support plate 41 would be available for directing the movement of the support plate 41 in accordance with a received signal in the same numbering system as the signal applied to the code plate 51, it can readily be seen that a greatly increased number of characters are available for visual display. Thus, the combining of directed movement of the support plate 41 and the code plate 51 is an extension of the mechanical translating features of the visual display device 5.

7 Obviously, a large number of structural alterations and variations of the above-described display device will become apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the code plate may be disposed exteriorly of the enclosure; the solenoids may be contained within the enclosure; the elements may be replaced by electrical contacts connected to an illumination source; the display portion may be replaced by a focused illumination source; and numerous other modifications are applicable and appropriate.

Thus, there has been provided a device for visually displaying a character representing intelligence in a first numbering system in response to a received signal in a second numbering system. The device is of the nonvolatile type having a non-destructive memory which is obviously accompanied by low power consumption and low heat dissipation. Also, the device is readily adapted to a wide range of color presentations by mere variation of the fluid or element colors while a wide range of sizes appear applicable with a minimum change in longitudinal movement because of the relatively high incident light attenuation characteristic of the opaque fluid for incremental changes in thickness. Thus, relatively small (measured in thousandths of an inch), longitudinal variations in the elements are required.

Additionally, the device is inexpensive to fabricate requiring no complicated additional translating equipment and provides substantially noise-free operation with a minimum of maintenance and a high reliability under reasonable operating conditions. Moreover, the speed of character change (faster than second) combined with the above-described and numerous other desirable features are believed to be unobtainable in any other visual display device.

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A visual display device comprising:

an array of elements in predetermined arrangement for visually displaying intelligence in a first numbering system; and

means for selecting and activating certain of said elements in response to a signal representing intelligence received in a second numbering system, said means being spaced from said elements and including a substantially planar code plate having indicia and means for causing relative movement between said code plate and said array of elements in at least one of four lateral and one of four vertical positions in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of said code plate and said array of elements to provide contact between certain of said indicia and certain of said elements and cause activation of said certain elements to provide a visual display of intelligence in said first numbering system.

2. A visual display device comprising:

means for selecting and activating certain of said elements in response to a received signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system, said means being spaced from said elements along an axis substantially normal to the plane of said array of elements and including a code plate and a means for causing relative movement between said code plate and said array of elements, said code plate having indicia and freedom of movement in four directions in a plane normal to said axis to provide selection of and contact between certain of said indicia and elements and activation of said certain selected elements whereby said received signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system is translated to visual intelligence in said first numbering system.

3. A visual display device comprising:

means for selecting and activating certain of said elements in response to a received signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system, said means being spaced along a longitudinal axis substantially normal to a plane passing through said array of elements and including a code plate and moving means for said code plate, said code plate having indicia thereon and freedom of movement in two directions along said longitudinal axis and four directions in a plane substantially normal to said longitudinal axis and said moving means directing said movement of said code plate in response to received signals in said second numbering system to provide contact between certain selected indicia of said code plate and certain selected elements of said array to cause activation of said certain selected elements of said array and provide a visual display of intelligence in said first numbering system.

4. A visual display device com-prising:

an array of elements in predetermined arrangement for providing a planar display of intelligence in a first numbering system; and

means for selecting and activating certain of said elements in response to a received signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system to provide said visual display in said first numbering system, said means being spaced from said array of elements along a longitudinal axis substantially normal to the plane of said visual display and including a code plate and moving means for said code plate, said code plate having indicia thereon and freedom of movement in two directions along said longitudinal axis and four directions in a plane substantially normal to said longitudinal axis and said moving means including resilient means opposing said freedom of movement of said code plate in one of said two directions along said longitudinal axis and said four directions in a plane substantially normal to said longitudinal axis and mechanical means acting in opposition to said resilient means in accordance with a signal received in said second numbering system.

5. A display device providing a visual display output in a first numbering system in response to an input signal representing intelligence in a second numbering system comprising:

means for forming said intelligence in said :first numbering, said means including an array of elements in predetermined arrangement, support means holding said array of elements, said support means being in a plane substantially normal to said elements and having a freedom of movement in four directions in said plane, and including first moving means having resilient means and mechanical means, said resilient means upholding said support means and opposing movement thereof by said mechanical means and said mechanical means directing movement of said support means in said plane in response to a received signal representing intelligence in said second numbering system; and

means for selecting and activating certain of said elements, said means being spaced from said forming means along a longitudinal axis substantially normal to the plane thereof, said means including a code plate and second moving means, said code plate having indicia and freedom of movement in two directions along said longitudinal axis and four directions in a plane substantially normal to said longitudinal axis and said second moving means including resilient means opposing said longitudinal movement in one of said two directions and said four directions in said plane normal to said longitudinal axis and means for directing the movement of said code plate in opposition to said resilient means whereby said second moving means directs the longitudinal movement of said code plate from contact with said elements and in a plane substantially normal to said axis to provide a selection of certain of said indicia and certain of said elements and activation of said certain selected elements by said indicia upon inactivation of said second moving means.

6. A display device having a coded signal input and a visual display output comprising:

means for visually displaying an output including an array of elements in predetermined arrangement with each of said elements extending along a longitudinal axis and having a first and a second longitudinal position along said axis;

means longitudinally spaced from said first position for supporting said array and directing movement thereof, said means including support means and directing means, said support means including a support plate in slidable engagement with each of said elements and resilient means restraining each of said elements in said first longitudinal position and said directing means including resilient means upholding said support plate and providing freedom of movement thereof in at least three directions in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis and mechanical means directing the movement of said support plate in opposition to said resilient means in response to a coded signal input; and

means longitudinally spaced from said support means for selecting and activating certain of said elements, said means including a code plate with indicia and having freedom of movement in at least three directions in a plane normal to said longitudinal axis and means for directing the movement of said code plate, said movement directing means including resilient means positioning said code plate and mechanical means directing the movement of said code plate in opposition to said resilient means and in response to said coded signal input whereby certain elements of said array are selected and longitudinally moved from said first to said second longitudinal position to provide a visual display.

7. A display device having a visual character display output and a binary coded decimal signal input and being non-volatile with a non-destructive memory comprising:

visual display means including an enclosure having a transparent surface and containing an array of plungers, a support for said array, and an opaque fluid, said support being longitudinally spaced from said transparent surface and slidably contracting and upholding said array of plungers in predetermined arrangement and resiliently restraining said plungers at a first position longitudinally spaced from said transparent surface and said opaque fiuid being disposed intermediate said surface and said plungers in said first position; and

means for selecting and activating said plungers in response to a binary coded signal input, said means including a code plate resiliently positioned in a second longitudinal position and having indicia and freedom of movement in at least three directions in a plane normal to said longitudinal axis and mechanical means for directing said code plate to a first longitudinal position and directing the movement of said code plate in a plane normal to said longitudinal axis in response to a binary coded signal input whereby removal of said signal input causes said indicia of said code plate to contact certain selected plungers of said array and move said plungers from a first to a a second longitudinal position displacing said opaque 9 10 fluid intermediate thereto and said transparent sur- 3,106,794 10/ 1963 Le Goff 40-28 face and providing a visual character display. 3,140,553 7/1964 Taylor 40-28 References Cited by the Examiner FOREIGN PATENTS UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 8/1911 France- 1,171,397 2/1916 Brady 4028 EUGENE R. CAPOZIO, Primary Examiner. 2,770,061 11/1956 Marcy 405 2,920,408 1 19 0 McGuire 5 X L CONTEEJRAS, Assi t nt Examiner.

Claims

1. A VISUAL DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRISING: AN ARRAY OF ELEMENTS IN PREDETERMINED ARRANGEMENT FOR VISUALLY DISPLAYING INTELLIGENCE IN A FIRST NUMBERING SYSTEM; AND MEANS FOR SELECTING AND ACTIVATING CERTAIN OF SAID ELEMENTS IN RESPONSE TO A SIGNAL REPRESENTING INTELLIGENCE RECEIVED IN A SECOND NUMBERING SYSTEM, SAID MEANS BEING SPACED FROM SAID ELEMENTS AND INCLUDING A SUBSTANTIALLY PLANAR CODE PLATE HAVING INDICIA AND MEANS FOR CAUSING RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN SAID CODE PLATE AND SAID ARRAY OF ELEMENTS IN AT LEAST ONE OF FOUR LATERAL AND ONE OF FOUR VERTICAL POSITIONS IN A PLANE SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL TO THE PLANE OF SAID CODE PLATE AND SAID ARRAY OF ELEMENTS TO PROVIDE CONTACT BETWEEN CERTAIN OF SAID INDICIA AND CERTAIN OF SAID ELEMENTS AND CAUSE ACTIVATION OF SAID CERTAIN ELEMENTS TO PROVIDE A VISUAL DISPLAY OF INTELLIGENCE IN SAID FIRST NUMBERING SYSTEM.