US331492A - grassier - Google Patents

Description

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BOILYBR. FURNAGB.

Patented Dec. 1, 1885.

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WILLIAM F. GRASSLER, OF VVILLIAMSPORT, PFNNL YLVANIA.

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SPECEFIGATTQDT 'forming part ofLetters Patent No. 331,492, dated December l, 1885.

Application filed May l1, 1885. Serial No. 165,070.

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that LWILLIAM F. GnAssLnR, a citizen of the United States, residing at Villiamsport, in the county of Lycoming and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful improvements in oilenFur; naces, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the acconipanying drawings.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in steam generating boiler-furnaces, and it has for its objects, first, to provide a boiler with means for defleeting the smoke and gaseous products of combustion and the attendant sparks and cinders in their course to the smokeflues, for introducing atmospheric air into the furnace, and for injecting steam into the furnace and mingling it with the gaseous and solid particles of' combustion, whereby the escape of smoke and all products of combustion, as well gaseous as solid, from the stack while the engine is not laboring under steam is effectually prevented; second, to provide a boiler with means for deflccting the smoke and gaseous products of combustion and the attendant sparks and cinders in their course to the smoke-nues, for introducing atmospheric air into the furnace, for injecting steam into the furnace and mingling it with the gases and solid products of combustion,and for moderating the ordinary violent sucking action of the exhaust-steam upon the fuel in the rebor, whereby the same end as that above set forth is accomplished, whether the engine is steaming or not.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and on which similar letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding features, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical sectional view through a locoinotiveboiler, showing the several features of my invention in connection therewith; Fig. 2, a transverse vertical sectional view of such a boiler on the line :t x of Fig. l; Fig. 3, a detached enlarged sectional view of a portion of one of the jacketpipes, showing the steam-injecting tube and sprayers in elevation; Fig. A, a detached vertical sectional view of one of the sprayers; Fig. 5, a plan view there (No model.)

of; Fig. 6, a front view of the furnace-door, and Fig. 7 a detached plan view of one of the draftspipes and the yoke-bar.

The letter A designates a locomotive-boiler of any approved type, the same being provided with the usual smokeflues, B, the smoke-box C, and the furnace or fire-box D. This fireboX is surrounded by the usual water-legs, E, and is provided with a door-opening, F. y

The letter G indicates the door, which is hinged to the boiler in any approved manner, and is provided with apertures H and serrations I. A bolt, J, passing through an aperture in the door7 serves to receive and support a regulating-plate, K, which lits within the recessed outer face of the door proper, and is provided with apertures L and a spring-catch, M. By rotating this plate the size of' the apertures in the door may be regulated so as to admit the desired influx of atmospheric air into the fire-box, the catch M, engaging with `the serrations l, serving to fix the position of the said plate. A disk, N, is secured to the door by means of rods O, and is slightly smaller in diameter than the door F, the function of which is to cut off the direct inflow of cold air upon the fire, and to suspend the air, as it were, within the doorway until it becomes partially heated,and then to distribute it into the fireboX in a thin film.

The letter P designates a dellector, preferably constructed of' lire-brick, and of arched form, located within the nre-box and extend` ing from wall to wall laterally, and in a longitudinal direction from the front wall to a little more than half-way to the rear wall. This deflecter is supported preferably by means of screw'studs Q, screwed into the walls of the fire-box, as more clearly seen in Fig. 21. The position of the defieetor with respect to the door-opening is preferably such as to deflect the incoming air down toward the mass of fuel, and this whether the door is closed and the air coming through the apertures or opened and the air passing directly through the dooropening. This deflector also prevents the smoke and gaseous products of combustion and the sparks and cinders from rushing directly to the ilues under the influence of the draft and suction created by the exhaust- IOO steam, this retardation thus serving to hold these products, Ste., in the fire-box a longer time before they reach the flues, and giving opportunity for them to be consumed. Again, the detiector acts to concentrate the heat toward the upper rear portion of the hre-box, through which portion the smoke, gaseous products, and cinders are compelled to pass in their passage to the smoke-dues, thereby subjecting them not only to the general heat ofthe fire-box, but to this intensified heat due to concentration. As the heat thus deflected passes upward by the door additional oxygen is supplied, and by reason of the disk N it becomes warmed, and is then injected in a film form. The arch is slightly cut away at P', in order to allow such small solid particles of the products of combustion as may pass over the defiector to roll down and return to the bed of fuel. It is found in practice that there is no tendency of the smoke or gases to pass through this aperture, as the draft of the hues at this point is comparatively weak.

I shall now refer to the devices which act to moderate the violent sucking action of the exhaust-steam upon the fuel.

The letter R designates the exhaust-nozzle, which may be of any approved form. Extending from and around this nozzle a short distance within the smoke-stack is a perforated pipe, S, preferably of conical form, the perforations being, by preference, in the form of slots, and disposed so that those of one row slightly lap those of the next row, The function of this pipe is to conduct the exhauststeam from the exhaust-nozzle to the stack and to moderate the sucking action of that steam upon the fire. This latter branch of its function is effected through the instrumentality of the slots, which, while they permit the exhaust-steam to create a partial vacuum in the smoke-box, and thereby induce a sucking action upon the particles of combustion in the fire-box, also lessen or moderate its action.

` It is found,however, that these slots, being small and numerous, so distribute the sucking action of the exhaust over the entire surface of the pipe S that this action becomes somewhat dissipated. -To counteract this effect and con centrate the sticking action at different points around the said pipe, I provide the draft-pipesI and U, each of which is provided with a ii-aring skirt. The pipe T is provided with one or more rows of slots, one row being preferably in the upper hood, and being larger than the slots in the moderating-pipe S. Both the draft-pipes T and U are adjustably connected together, in the present instance by means of brackets W, secured to the pipe T, and bolts X, passing through slots in the pipe U. These draft-pipes are maintained in position in the smoke-box by means of the yokebar Z, as more clearly seen in Fig. 7, the ends of which yoke are connected with the walls of the smoke-box.

As above intimated, the function of the hoods is to subdivide the sucking action of the exhaust-steam and to concentrate the force of the subdivisions at different points along the moderating-pipe. The lower hood acts upon these hues immediately below, opposite, and above it, while the space between it and the upper end of the draft-pipe U and the crown of the smoke-box allows the exhauststeam to act through the upper rows of flues. The object in adjusting the draft-pipes T and U with respect to each other is to properly distribute the action of the exhaust.

I have ascertained by actual trial that when the throttle-valve is open and the engine is laboring, and the exhaust-steam is passing through the moderating-tube, the combustion is so perfectas to consume not only the small solid particles which are ordinarily drawn through the smoke-ducs in the shape of sparks and cinders, but also to consume the smoke and gaseous products. During such time there is an entire failure of thel smokev to pass out of the stack, and this result I consider attributable to the joint action of the detlector and the influx of atmospheric air and the moderated action of the exhaust-steam upon the fuel. Itis found, however, that when the throttle-valve is closed and the engine is in motion as a consequence of its momentum, and is not laboring under the influence of the steam, the smoke escapes from the stack, if the fuel is comparatively fresh in the rebox. The engine, when the fuel is fresh, also smokes if standing. In this case, however, as also in the case when it is in motion, but not under the influence of steam, the combustion is still so perfect as to consume the sparks and cinders which ordinarily escape. lt is to consume and get rid of the smoke underthe conditions just named when the exhaust-steam is not in action that I provide the device now about to be described.

The lettera designates the metallic jacketpipes, each of which is entirely closed at one end and provided at the other with a plug, b, having a projecting threaded nipple, which engages a threaded aperture in the wall of the fire-box, whereby communication between the water-legs and the interior of these pipes is established. The object of this water communication is twofold-first, to protect the jacket-pipes from burning out under the action of the eXtreme heat incident to their position, and, second, to jacket or protect the steam-injecting pipes c against like destruction, the said steam-injecting pipes c connecting at one end with any suitable part of the boiler, preferably with the steam-dome, in the present instance by a short section, d, having a T- coupling, e, and a three-way cock, f, whereby the admission of steam into the pipe c is controlled. The section d preferably extends within the cab,so as to present the threeway cock within reach of the engineer. From the section d the pipes c extendin any convenient direction to the sides of the fire-box, and thence pass through the outer and inner walls and into the jacket-pipes a. Each injecting- IOO IIO

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pipe is provided with a series of steam distributers or sprayers, Which extend through the walls of the jacket-pipes and into the fire-box. These sprayers consist of the nipples gand the tips h, having a tapering interior and a slotted orifice atthe end, whereby the steam is sprayed into the fire-box in thin sheets, which spread and so intermingle with each other as to viry tually form one sheet of steam across the rebox, which acts to intercept the exit of the smoke and other products of combustion, the heat decomposing the steam and converting it into its constituent gases, (oxygen and hydrogen,) and thus forming a combustible substance,which, uniting with the smoke, &e., is consumed.

It will be observed that a space is left between the opposite ends of the jacket-tubes. This is done in order to allow of the expansion and contraction of these pipes. To fill this space with steam, the ends of the injecting-pipes are also provided with sprayers., which extend through the ends of the jacketpipes.

Vhen the throttlevalve is closed, the engineer is to admit steam into the injectingpipes and set the sprayers to work, which, as above stated, act in'lieu of the exhaust-steam.

If desirable, the sprayers may of course be at Work during the time that the engine is under the influence of steam; but this is not necessary.

'While the admission of air through the door assists the deector and moderating-pipe in bringing about an effectual consumption of the producls of combustion, as above stated, this result I have found by practice may be reached without the aid of the door having'the openings.

rIhis invention is designed especially for locomotive engines; but it is applicable to any boiler Without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I have also found by actual trial on the road thatI am able to use a larger exhaust-nozzle, which has the effect of freeing the steam more quickly, thereby destroying or greatly reducing the back action in the cylinders. As a consequence of this fact, the full force of the steam admitted into the cylinders is secured.

y This fact, and that of the perfect combustion which I obtain, greatly reduces the consumption ofthe fuel.

The matter herein shown and described but not claimed forms the subject of another application tiled by me on the 4th day of September, 1885.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a boilerfurnace, the combination, with the tire-box and an inclined deflector located therein, of steam-injectors located at or near the upper end of the deiiector and disposed so as to throw a lilm of steam across the remaining upper portion of the iire-box, whereby the escape of the products of combustion to the smoke-dues is intercepted.

2. In a boiler-furnace, the combination, with an air-inlet for the fire-box, and a deector located therein, of the jacket-pipes and the steam-injecting tubes having sprayers and communicating with the boiler.

3. In a boiler-furnace, the combination, with the fire-box and an air-inlet door having a distributing-plate and an inclined deliector located therein, of the jacket-pipes and the steam-injecting tubes having sprayers and communicating with the boiler.

4. In a boiler furnace, the combination, with the fire-box and an inclined detlector therein, oijacket-pipes and steam-injecting tubes having sprayers and communicating with the boiler.

5. In a boilerfurnace, the combination, with the fire-box, of the jacket-pipes communicating with the water-legs, and the steaminjecting tubes communicating with the boiler extended into the said pipes and provided with sprayers projecting into the nre-box.

6. In a boiler-furnace, the combination, with the fire-box, of thejacket-pipes communicating with the water-legs and having a space between theirinner ends, and the steaminjecting tubes having sprayers and communicating with the boiler.

In testimony whereof I alix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

VVT. F. GRASSIJER.

Vitnesscs:

EDWIN L. BRADFORD, M. l. GALL-xn.

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