US3313052A - Laminations - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3313052A
US3313052A US451895A US45189565A US3313052A US 3313052 A US3313052 A US 3313052A US 451895 A US451895 A US 451895A US 45189565 A US45189565 A US 45189565A US 3313052 A US3313052 A US 3313052A
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United States
Prior art keywords
polarizing
light
information
oriented
polyvinyl alcohol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US451895A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert L Malster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polaroid Corp
Original Assignee
Polaroid Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US451895A priority Critical patent/US3313052A/en
Priority to DE19661646239 priority patent/DE1646239C/de
Priority to JP2676066A priority patent/JPS5551760B1/ja
Priority to BE680226D priority patent/BE680226A/xx
Priority to GB19034/66A priority patent/GB1151772A/en
Priority to GB54590/66A priority patent/GB1167519A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3313052A publication Critical patent/US3313052A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/309—Photographs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/64—Means for mounting individual pictures to be projected, e.g. frame for transparency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
    • G03C11/08—Varnishing, e.g. application of protective layers on finished photographic prints
    • B42D2033/04—
    • B42D2033/28—
    • B42D2033/32—
    • B42D2035/06—
    • B42D2035/08—
    • B42D2035/20—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/391—Special inks absorbing or reflecting polarised light

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a security device for printed matter and the like.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the process involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the product possessing the features, properties, and relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the appended claims.
  • FIGURE 1 is a crosssection, greatly magnified, of one embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG, 2 is a crosssection, greatly magnified, of a portion of another embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a section, greatly magnified, taken along lines 4 4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a section, greatly magnified, 0f still another embodiment of this invention.
  • planar surfaces intended to carry information such information may, for example, bc written, drawn, or printed on, imbibed, carved. or etched in, or in any other desired Way cast on such planar surfaces in the form of wordor picture images. ln many instances, it is highly desirable that once such information is placed ou a given surface. the surface bc treated in such a manner as to render it difficult or impossible to mechanically alter or amend, at least without rendering it clearly obvious that some tampering with the surface has taken place.
  • the information-bearing surface comprises an identification card, such as the so-called "credit cards” issued by department stores, hotels, service stations and the like and intended to identify its holder, or 4where it comprises an identification badge bearing a portrait of its wearer, for example, of thc type frequently issued'by industrial or governmental installations for the purpose of identifying its wearer, it is highly desirable that such card or badge not be subject to alteration without defacing it or otherwise rendering apparent the attempted intrusion.
  • numerous types oflaminations have been employed, the most common type being one in which the information-bearing surface is heator solvent-laminated to a transparent support.
  • An inform-ati0nbearing surface such as the face of an identification card or badge is affixed, by any appropriate technique known to the laminating art, to a transparent sheet which linearly polarizes light rays, such as an oriented polyvinylenepolyvinyl alcohol sheet, To the naked eye, the surface so treated appears to have merely a transparent overlay.
  • a suitable analyzing device such as a linear light-polarizing sheet which is oriented in such a way that its polarizing axis is substan'- tially perpendicular to that of the polarizer laminated to the information-bearing surface, little or no light passes through from the surface, which surface consequently appears uniformly darli, If any attempt has been hiade to alter the int'orinationbcaring surface which involved cutting into the surface together with its polarizer overlay and subsequently resealiug it, the polarizing properties of the overlay
  • the polarizing axis of the analyzing device need notv ⁇ be' perpendicular to that of the polarizer overlay on the information-bearing surface, but may be placed attany desired angle thereto. To be s-ure, the greater the deviation of the axes from the perpendicular, the greater the amount of light that will be'transmitted t0 the viewer; however, discontinuities in the light-polarizing ability of the polarizer-laminated surface will be apparent to the viewer nonetheless.
  • the axes are not parallel, for the reason that if this were the case, even though the 'analyzer might be able to detect any discontinuity in polarizing material, it would be"un able to detect dilfercnces between surfaces having a uitit'orm polarirer overlay and surfaces having transparent overlays which were not light-polarizers at all.
  • This invention is by no means limited to the use of linear polarizers, but includes circular and elliptical polarizers as well. ln fact,'in many instances a circular polarizer may be preferable to a linear one, for the .relason that once a light beam has been polarized in agir/"en direction, i.e., passed through a right-handed circular polarizer (or a left-handed polarizer), it cannot" pass through an apposite circular polarizer, i.c., a left-handed polarizer (or a righthanded polarizer) no matter how thc latter' may be rotated. Thus, if, for example, a.
  • Numerous light-polarizing materials are well known commercially, and any of these which is capable of being cast or formed into a lilm or shcct and which yis substantially transparent can be employed in preparing protected laminates such as that described above.
  • Examples of such materials are oriented polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizers, such as metal or metal complex-containing polyvinyl alcohol polarizers, iodine-containing polyvinyl alcohol polarizers, dichroic dye-containing polyvinyl alcohol polarizers, polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylene polarizers, etc.; cellulose-based polarizers such as oriented cellulose stained with a dichroic dye.
  • the invention is not restricted to linear light polarizers, but may employ circular or elliptical polarizing material as Well.
  • an analyzing polarizer for the purpose described above, since it need not be of the same chemical nature as the polarizer overlay, and need not necessarily be in the form of a sheet.
  • a simple Nicol prism can be used as the analyzing device.
  • the present invention is especially well-suited to use in connection with identification cards or badges, which cards or badges frequently comprise photographic likenesses of their holders or bearers, together with other identifying indicia.
  • Conventional photographs, the surfaces of which are generally gelatin or modified gelatin may be nfxcd to any of the polarizing materials described above with thc aid of a transparent, pressure-sensitive adhesive Stich as Klccnstil; adhesive (commercially available from National Starch and Chemical Corporation, Newark. NJ.) or epoxy resins; of particular efficacy in this respect are polymeric adhesives such as Eastman 910 cement, a cyano-acrylate polymer, commercially available from Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa.
  • the identification card or badge contains a photographic likeness of its holder
  • a black-'ind-white photographic image is sought, are silver transfer images of the type which may be produced by applying a processing composition containing a silver halide developing agent and a silver halide solvent to a photoexposed photosensitive silver halide element and an image-receptive clement that are in superposed relation.
  • a processing composition containing a viscous aqueous solution of ay silver halide developing agent a silver halide solvent and an alkali is spread in a uniformly thin layer between the superposed surfaces of the photoexposed gelatine silver halide stratum of a photosensitive element and the silver-receptive stratum of an image-receptive element.
  • the elements are maintained in supcrposed relation for a predetermined period ordinarily of approximately 10 to 120 seconds in duration, during which exposed silver halide is reduced to silver and unreduced silver halide forms a water soluble, complex silver salt which diffuses through the layer of composition to the image-receptive stratum, where, upon being reduced to silver, it forms a silver print.
  • the photosensitive element preferably together with the solidified layer of processing composition, is stripped from the image-receptive element.
  • image-receptive strata of the foregoing type include silver precipitating nuclei dispersed in a macroscopically continuous vehicle comprising sub-macroscopic agglomerates of minute particles of a water insoluble inorganic, preferably siliceous material such as silica aerogel.
  • Silvcr grains precipitated in the foregoing manner are concentrated primarily at the surface of the stratum. This stratum, both before and after receiving these precipitated silver grains, is extremely thin, preferably being approximately 1 to 8 microns thick.
  • Materials of the foregoing type are specifically described in U.S. Patents Nos. 2,698,237 and 2,698,245 issued to Edwin H. Land on December 2S, 1954.
  • Silver transfer' prints of the aforementioned type can be affixed to any of the previously described polarizing materials by way of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. lt is also possible, however, to laminate such prints totcertain polarizers in a security seal, that is, a seal which cannot be broken or tampered with without immediately clearly rendering obvious the intrusion by destroying or defacing the photographic likeness. Thus, not only is the surface of the lamination protected from intrusion by the polarizer, but also, the lamination cannot be separated from behind without being easily detected.
  • the polarizer comprises a hydroxylated polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, or hydrolyzed celluose acetate, and is laminated to the transfer print by way of an interlayer which comprises a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride.
  • the image-receiving elements used in such processes generally comprise an opaque or transparent support coated with an image-receiving layer of a dyeable material which is permeable to the alkaline aqueous processing solution.
  • the dyeable material generally comprises a film-forming material such as polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl-pyridine polymers.
  • the image-receiving layer may also include other materials useful in diffusion transfer processes, such as ydye mordants, antifoggants, oxidizing agents, and acids and alkalies for pH adjustment.
  • Image-receiving elements of the foregoing type are dcscribed in U.S. Patent No. 3,148,061, issued September 8, 1964, to Howard C. Haas, and the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 2,983,606.
  • color photographs of the aforementioned type may be aflixcd to any of the polarizing materials previously described via commercially available pressure-sensitive adhesives.
  • the particular polarizing material selected comprises a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer
  • Such cards preferably comprise a flexible information-bearing layer such as paper or a photograph, to which is bonded a tiexible light-polarizing element, such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer.
  • a tiexible light-polarizing element such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer.
  • An additional transparent layer is then bonded to the surface lamination,
  • the use of transparent nonpolarizing films laminated over the polarizing element to polarizer-protected information surfaces is not limited to those instances wherein an embossable lamination is desired.
  • the transparent non-polarizing tilm may comprise any substantially'transparent material, such as synthetic resins such as polystyrene, or glass, depending in part upon the desired exibility of the final protected lamination.
  • FIG. 4 represents a section taken along lines4-4 of FIG. 3, showing the relationship of the image-bearing layer 6 and superposed polarizer 11.
  • the lamination also includes a transparent, sheet-like overlay 12 which protectstlie entire information-bearing surface, especially the outer edges of the polarizer element.
  • transparentlayer 12 may comprise a material capable of providing a security seal to the vinformation-bearing surface, such' as those previously described, i
  • Laminations of the foregoing type may also be prepared by ⁇ Jonding a single substantially sheet-like element of which only a portion may be characterized as llightpolarizing, to an information-bearing surface.
  • a portion of a transparent, molecularly oriented linear polymeric plastic sheet may be stained rtir-dyed with a suitable dichroic stain or dye, and suchv sheet'then be employed as an overlay for an information-bearing surface.
  • Suitable molecularly oriented linear polymers, dichroic stains and dyes, and techniques for applying thc dyes to the molecularly oriented linear polyme'ricffllms are well known to the art of polarizers and vectography.
  • the lamination comprises an information-bearing surface*A 6, covered with a layer 13 of a transparent, moleculaialy oriented linear polymeric material, a portion 14 Vof which has been stained or dyed with a dichroic stain or dye.
  • Example l A half mil Mylar film coated on both sides with pressure-sensitive resin 85-018, commercially available from Kleen-Stik Division of National Starch and Chemical Corporation, Newark, NJ., was applied to the surface of a linear dichroic polyvinylene-polyvinyl alcohol light polarizing sheet having a cellulose acetate butyrate backing, commercially available from Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, Mass. 02139 and designated as type KN 42. The remaining adhesive surface was applied to the face of a silver transfer photographic print prepared from a Polaroid 3000 Speed Land Film, Type 107, and pressure was applied to the sandwich thus formed.
  • the result- -ing laminar structure comprised a silver transfer photographic print having a transparent, light-polarizing overlay firmly aixed to its surface.
  • Example 8 Exam ple' IV The face of a diffusion transfer color photograph similar to that used in Example 1I was swabbed with a solution of 10% polyvinyl alcohol in Water. While the surface of the photograph was still wet it was pressed firmly against the surface of a sheet polarizer similar to those employed in the foregoing examples. The final laminar structure was similar to that prepared in Example II; after a period of about a minute, the color image was found to adhere firmly to the polarizer in a security seal.
  • Example V A diffusion transfer color photographic image was made using Polaroid Polacolor Land Film, Type 108, and a Polaroid ⁇ Automatic Model camera.
  • the image-receptive layer together with its superposed photosensitive element was pulled from the camera; the elements were maintained in superposed position -for fty seconds, after which they were stripped apart.
  • the image-receiving surface was still fresh and wet, it was pressed firmly against the surface of a sheet polarizer similar to those used in the foregoing examples.
  • the final laminar structure was substantially identical to the one prepared in Example IV.
  • the image-bearing surface of a diffusion transfer color photographsimilar to those employed in the foregoing examples was swabbed with the same doping solution, and was then pressed onto the vinyl film in such a way that the polarizer strip was sandwiched between the image-bearing surface and the vinyl film, and covered a portion but not all of the photographic image.
  • the resulting lamination exhibited a security seal similar to that of the laminations of Example IV and V.
  • the transparent wall of the envelope or pouch may comprise suitably oriented polyvinyl alcohol or cellulose, containing a stripe, or a plurality of stripes of a suitable dichroic dye, metal complex, iodine, etc.
  • a polarized-protected laminar structure comprising an information-bearing layer, to the information-bearing surface of which is laminated a substantially transparent light-polarizing sheetlike element, and a transparent sheet-like overlay suitably affixed to said substantially transparent polarizing sheet-like element, which overlay is characterized in that a portion of it is a light polarized, and further characterized in that its polarizing axis is oriented with respect to said light-polarizing sheet-like element insuch a way as to at least partially extinguish the light passing therethrough.
  • a method of detecting tampering with an information-bearing surface which comprises viewing said-sur face through a light-polarizing device, said informationbearing surface being characterized in that it has affixed thereto a substantially transparent, uniformly light-polarizing element which if cut and subsequently re-fus'ed, undergoes a detectable change in light-polarizing characteristics, and said light-polarizing device through which said information-bearing surface is viewed being characterized in that the light-polarizing axis thereof is oriented with respect to said uniformly light-polarizing sheetlike el'ement in such a way as to at least partially extinguish the light passing therethrough.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
US451895A 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Laminations Expired - Lifetime US3313052A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US451895A US3313052A (en) 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Laminations
DE19661646239 DE1646239C (de) 1965-04-29 1966-04-26 Falschungssichere bild und schrift tragende Flachen
JP2676066A JPS5551760B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-04-29 1966-04-28
BE680226D BE680226A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-04-29 1966-04-28
GB19034/66A GB1151772A (en) 1965-04-29 1966-04-29 Laminar Structure.
GB54590/66A GB1167519A (en) 1965-04-29 1966-12-06 Novel Laminations

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US451895A US3313052A (en) 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Laminations

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3313052A true US3313052A (en) 1967-04-11

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ID=23794137

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US451895A Expired - Lifetime US3313052A (en) 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Laminations

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3313052A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5551760B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE680226A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1151772A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3376661A (en) * 1966-06-28 1968-04-09 John G. Hulett Multiple company credit card
US3391479A (en) * 1965-12-10 1968-07-09 Polaroid Corp Laminations
US3412493A (en) * 1966-05-02 1968-11-26 Ibm Tamper-proof record structure
US3498788A (en) * 1966-07-05 1970-03-03 Polaroid Corp Novel laminations for identification cards
US3533176A (en) * 1967-06-09 1970-10-13 Ceaverken Svenskt Fotografiskt Identification document and material for its manufacture
US3655494A (en) * 1969-05-12 1972-04-11 Polaroid Corp I. d. card laminar structures and processes for making same
US3683806A (en) * 1970-05-20 1972-08-15 Murray Rudolph Theft-proof credit card assembly
US4025688A (en) * 1974-08-01 1977-05-24 Polaroid Corporation Polarizer lamination
US4038524A (en) * 1974-06-21 1977-07-26 Thomson-Brandt Data carrier optically readable by transmission and method of manufacturing such a data carrier
JPS5597990A (en) * 1979-12-28 1980-07-25 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Display body that can manifest sculpture picture
US4325196A (en) * 1977-12-16 1982-04-20 G.A.O. Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Multilayer identification cards with relief-like surface
US4522670A (en) * 1983-04-04 1985-06-11 American Hoechst Corporation Process for manufacture of tamper-resistant polyester credit cards
US4536015A (en) * 1982-03-13 1985-08-20 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Forgery-proof information carrier
US4557963A (en) * 1983-04-04 1985-12-10 American Hoechst Corporation Tamper-resistant polyester credit cards
US4568824A (en) * 1982-03-13 1986-02-04 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Forgery-proof information carrier
US4659112A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-04-21 Optical Devices, Incorporated Identification system comprising a partially reflective retardation device
US4773677A (en) * 1987-05-13 1988-09-27 Polaroid Corporation Unitary laminated identification card and insignia
US4896901A (en) * 1987-05-15 1990-01-30 Svecia Antiqua S.A. Flexible sheet or web materials
US5004327A (en) * 1987-12-01 1991-04-02 Svecia Antiqua Limited Light-polarizing material in the form of sheets or of a web and a method for the manufacture of the material
US5066047A (en) * 1990-09-05 1991-11-19 Polaroid Corporation Process for incorporating hologram into laminar structure with photograph
US5284364A (en) * 1992-06-10 1994-02-08 Anvik Corporation Increased-security identification card system
US5466324A (en) * 1993-11-29 1995-11-14 Polaroid Corporation Apparatus and process for separation of laminae
US6124970A (en) * 1997-10-20 2000-09-26 Latents Image Technology Ltd. Polymer materials with latent images visible in polarized light and methods for their production
US6227572B1 (en) * 1999-03-01 2001-05-08 Eric A. Lyen Durable tactile indicia for banknotes/documents and method of making same
US6701652B1 (en) * 2001-10-22 2004-03-09 Serigraph, Inc. Molded emblem with encapsulated embossed 3-D graphics
USD516564S1 (en) 2004-07-14 2006-03-07 Capital One Financial Corporation Data card
USD517073S1 (en) 2004-07-14 2006-03-14 Capital One Financial Corporation Data card
USD519513S1 (en) 2004-07-14 2006-04-25 Capital One Financial Corporation Data card
USD537080S1 (en) 2004-07-14 2007-02-20 Capital One Financial Corporation Data card
US20120189832A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2012-07-26 Taishi Kawasaki Laminated polyester film
US20160238764A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-18 Xiamen Tianma Micro-Electronics Co., Ltd. Conversion film, electronic device and fabrication methods thereof

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5614533A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-02-12 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd Production of polarizing film or sheet
GB2204142A (en) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-02 Brother Ind Ltd Recording medium
DE19729918B4 (de) * 1997-07-04 2010-07-01 Securency International Pty Ltd., Craigieburn Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokument
US20020117845A1 (en) 2000-01-03 2002-08-29 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Security and/or valve document

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2397272A (en) * 1942-12-04 1946-03-26 Polaroid Corp Identification badge
US2882631A (en) * 1952-09-05 1959-04-21 Boone Philip Display materials, devices and systems

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2397272A (en) * 1942-12-04 1946-03-26 Polaroid Corp Identification badge
US2882631A (en) * 1952-09-05 1959-04-21 Boone Philip Display materials, devices and systems

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3391479A (en) * 1965-12-10 1968-07-09 Polaroid Corp Laminations
US3412493A (en) * 1966-05-02 1968-11-26 Ibm Tamper-proof record structure
US3376661A (en) * 1966-06-28 1968-04-09 John G. Hulett Multiple company credit card
US3498788A (en) * 1966-07-05 1970-03-03 Polaroid Corp Novel laminations for identification cards
US3533176A (en) * 1967-06-09 1970-10-13 Ceaverken Svenskt Fotografiskt Identification document and material for its manufacture
US3655494A (en) * 1969-05-12 1972-04-11 Polaroid Corp I. d. card laminar structures and processes for making same
US3683806A (en) * 1970-05-20 1972-08-15 Murray Rudolph Theft-proof credit card assembly
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1151772A (en) 1969-05-14
DE1646239A1 (de) 1971-08-19
BE680226A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-28
JPS5551760B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-12-26

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