US3310062A - Web tensioning device - Google Patents

Web tensioning device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3310062A
US3310062A US459269A US45926965A US3310062A US 3310062 A US3310062 A US 3310062A US 459269 A US459269 A US 459269A US 45926965 A US45926965 A US 45926965A US 3310062 A US3310062 A US 3310062A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
web
loop
liquid
entrapped
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US459269A
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English (en)
Inventor
John B Little
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US459269A priority Critical patent/US3310062A/en
Priority to GB19674/66A priority patent/GB1079864A/en
Priority to BE680868D priority patent/BE680868A/xx
Priority to DEJ30857A priority patent/DE1276416B/de
Priority to CH733166A priority patent/CH445997A/de
Priority to NL6607170A priority patent/NL6607170A/xx
Priority to SE7257/66A priority patent/SE301086B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3310062A publication Critical patent/US3310062A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D3/00—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion
    • G03D3/08—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion having progressive mechanical movement of exposed material
    • G03D3/13—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion having progressive mechanical movement of exposed material for long films or prints in the shape of strips, e.g. fed by roller assembly
    • G03D3/135—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion having progressive mechanical movement of exposed material for long films or prints in the shape of strips, e.g. fed by roller assembly fed between chains or belts, or with a leading strip
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
    • D06B3/20—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics with means to improve the circulation of the treating material on the surface of the fabric
    • D06B3/201—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics with means to improve the circulation of the treating material on the surface of the fabric the treating material being forced through the textile material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/34—Driving arrangements of machines or apparatus
    • D06B3/345—Means for controlling the tension in the textile material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D3/00—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion
    • G03D3/08—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion having progressive mechanical movement of exposed material
    • G03D3/13—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion having progressive mechanical movement of exposed material for long films or prints in the shape of strips, e.g. fed by roller assembly
    • G03D3/14—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion having progressive mechanical movement of exposed material for long films or prints in the shape of strips, e.g. fed by roller assembly with means for taking into account of elongation or contraction of films

Definitions

  • This invention relates to web feeding and more particularly to an apparatus for tensioning a web in a continuous multi-bath wet treatment web processing apparatus.
  • edge Contact guides may be employed without fear of damage to the web coating. As the web becomes wider and thinner, the eiciency of edge guidance diminishes, and in the limit, edge guidance fails entirely.
  • Rollers however smooth, will frequently damage Va web coating.
  • Fluid bearings usually employ small flow passages, and therefore, require a iluid which is free from contaminants which would tend to clog the passages. Fluid bearings, while acting as servo devices, arey extremely complex to balance in a long continuous web process, and delterious dynamic oscillation, or hunting, frequently arises in the system, particularly lwhere Wide variations may occur in the system parameters.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome the problem of web Asurface damage by employing the processing fluid itself as a sort of liquid roller.
  • the liquid weights the loop, or bight, in the processing tank, and at the same time provides a servo-type of action which exploits the inherent damping characteristics of the liquid itself to provide a web tensioning device that will operate stably over a wide range of system parameters.
  • the invention forms a loop in the web between two rollers which contact the reverse, or non-emulsion, side of the web.
  • the loop is permitted to sag into the processing tank between two side plates, or baffles, which are separated by the width of the web.
  • the web loop together with the bafes form a sort of chamber into which the processing uid is continuously pumped. If the rate of injection is greater than the losses of fluid around the edges of the web, the loop will fill with iiuid and grow heavier. As it grows heavier, it will sag to a position whereiny the bottom of the loop extends bef yond the bottom edge of the bafes, thus creating an increased leakage.
  • the loop will rise to adjust the elux to the influx, and the system will stabilize at a point wherein the weight of entrapped fluid equals twice the web tension. If the web tension increases, the quantity of iluid will increase, and conversely. If the flow of fluid changes, the web loop will change its position to adjust the leakage to the How of fluid in.
  • the system may be made self-damping for wide variations in system parameters,
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a web tensionuing device for a wet processing system which employs the weight of the processing fluid entrapped in a loop of the web as a form of Huid tensioning roller.
  • Yet another object is to provide a web tensioning device by forming a loop in the web between two side plates spaced apart a distance equal to the width of the web and introducing liquid into the chamber formed by the loop and the side plates.
  • An even further object is to provide a web tensioning device by forming a loop in the web between two side plates spaced apart a distance equal to the width of the web introducing liquid into the chamber formed by the loop and the side plates and forming the side plates so as to provide an exit orifice for the flow of fluid out of the chamber which is a predetermined function of the length of the loop in the web.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical wet processing apparatus in which the invention can be most advantageously prac- ⁇ ticed.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional perspective view of onevof the .tanks of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 4 showing an alternative structure for adjusting the water level.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view looking down into the tank.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative shape of the liquid retaining baffles.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative shape of the liquid retaining baffles.
  • FIG. 1 represents a typical continuous multi-bath wet processing apparatus wherein a web 10 is fed under slight tension from a supply roll 5, passed successively through a progression of processing tanks 20, and finally Wound on a take-up roll 6.
  • Each of the tanks 20 is identical in while at the same time preserving the desirable feature its physical construction, but employs a different processing iiuid in accordance with the dictates of the process. If, for example, the web 10 were an exposed photographic film, the tank 20-1 would contain the developing solution, v20-2 the wash water and stop bath, and tank 20-3 the hypo or fixer. Obviously, a drier would be interposed between the final tank 20-3 and the tank-up reel 6. The rate of feed would be adjusted to provide the requisite processing -time in each bath.
  • the upper surface 10A the surface to be procf essed, ,must, therefore, be protected against abrasion.
  • the bottom surface 10B need not be protected. It may, therefore, be guided over ordinary rollers.
  • a further phenomenon is that of dynamic oscillations.
  • webs up to two feet in width and only several thou-sandths of an inch in thickness are fed through a succession of tanks, non-uniformity in the elasticity of the web can induce transient perturbations in the system, which, if unrestrained, could cause destructive oscillations.
  • liquids areincompressible and viscous, they have inherently good damping characteristics. Any tendency therefore, to develop oscillations in the web 1t) will be resisted and damped by the processing uid.
  • the adjustments on each tank provide separate control at each station to optimize the servo action and the damping.
  • the liquid roller forms a loop, or bight, 10C in each of the tanks.
  • the tanks consist of an outer tank 23, having an overflow pipe 24, and an inner tank 30 to which the rollers 21 and 22 are rotatably fastened.
  • the inner tank '30 with its rollers 21 and 22 is fixed so as to preserve the line of feed between the reels 5 and 6.
  • the outer tank 23 is mounted for vertical movement relative to the inner tank 30 by means of a jackscrew structure 2S, orv other height adjusting means.
  • Processing fluid is sprayed upon the inner surface (upper surface 10A)l of the web loop 10C by spray nozzles and feedpipes 26 and 27 (27 lies behind 26 in FIG. 1).
  • the processing fluid thus introduced, fills the outer tank 23 to the level of the overflow pipe 24 from whih it is collected, ltered, reactivated, replenished (as the process requires), and recirculated by a pump to the nozzles 26 and 27,.
  • the inner tank 30 (see FIG. 2) is actual-ly a shell, at the top and the bottom, and is immersed in the outer tank 23.
  • This shell consists of identical front and rear walls 31 and 32 and side walls 33 and 34 joined so as to have a rectangular cross section. Extensions 31A, 32A, 31B, and 32B of the front and rear walls 31 and 3 2 journal the rollers 21 and 22.
  • the front and rear walls 31 and 32 are cut away from the bottom edge upward in generally V-shaped cutouts 31C and 32C.
  • These inverted weirs operate to provide variable orifices through which the liquid which is entrapped in the loop 10C of the web may escape into the outer tank 30.
  • These weirs may be simple V cutouts or may have a parabolic or hyperbolic shape as shown.
  • processing liquid sprayed through nozzles 26 and 27 impinges on the active surface 10A of the web loop 10C and is entrapped between the front and rear walls 31 and 32, which are spaced apart a distance slightly greater than the width of the web 10.
  • the loop will be weighted to sink deeper into the tank 30.
  • the entrapped liquid will begin to escape.
  • the tape loop will continue to sink deeper until a sufficient area of the weirs is exposed to permit an escape of liquid just equal to ilow of iiuid into the loop, minus of course any leakage of fluid between the web edges and the abutting front and rear walls 31 and 32. At this position the weight of the entrapped fluid will equal the sum of tensions in the two -legs of the loop.
  • the loop 10C will be drawn upward, thus restricting the efflux of fluid through the weirs, and liquid will accumulate in the loop 10C.
  • the Weight of entrapped liquid equals the new web tension
  • the reduced exposed escape path will be less than that necessary to exhaust a ow of liquid equal to the influx.
  • the web loop will, therefore, sink deeper into the inner tank to restore the former tone area.
  • the excess weight of entrapped liquid will produce a larger loop to expose a greater weir area and increase the efux of liquid.
  • the excess spillage will continue to lighten the iluid roller and the ⁇ loop will move upward to its original position where the efux equals the inux of liquid.
  • the weight of entrapped uid will increase to enlarge the loop 10C to expose more weir area. This increases the efflux, and stability will be achieved when the loop exposes a sufficiently greater weir area to compensate for the increased influx.
  • the web tensioning force is equal to the weight of the entrapped liquid, as soon as the water table rises above the bottom of the web loop, it begins to provide a buoying force thereto.
  • the web tensioning force nowbecomes the weight Vof the entrapped fluid above the Waterl table. This is the head of the entrapped tluid, and will continue to be a function of the web tension.
  • the total volume of entrapped fluid will, however, now be a function of the web tension, the water table height, and the rate of flow into the loop. Since the weir openings will now be partially, or even completely, immersed in the Water table the discharge through weirs will be into air and into the water table. Obviously, the discharge into air will occur more freely than the discharge into the water table. Thus, by adjustment of the water table height, it becomes possible to adjust the effective discharge c-onfiguration ofthe Weirs.
  • each successive processing station adds its viscous drag and friction to increase the web tension.
  • the tenion a the take-up reel 6 (FIG. 1) is greatest.
  • the servo-action in the tank 20-3 yields a higher head of liquid therein than in the preceding tank 20-2.
  • the tank 20-2 in turn selfadjusts with a higher liquid head than the first tank 20-1in the series.
  • the jack adjustments have been shown progressing from lowest at 20-3 ⁇ to highest at 20-1, this need not necessarily obtain. If, for example, the process requires that one of the tanks Vhave a very rapid fluid circulation rate, then that tank would require a substantially different adjustment t-o damp the system properly.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an alternativestructure for adjusting the water table height, one can gain a better insight into the construction of the tanks, for, except for the standpipe construction the structure is similar to -the other embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 the disposition of the spray nozzle 26 and 27 to cover the width of the Web is illustrated more graphically. For a wider web, spray nozzles would be added -to cover the web. So also can the escape of entrapped iiuid from the loop through the weirs into the outer tank be seen.
  • the Water table height adjustment in these figures consists of a star1dpipe 28 which is adjustably slideable in a liquid-tight gland 29 in the bottom of the outer tank 23, which is now fixed. Thus, by loosening the packing gland 29 and sliding the standpipe 29 therein, the water table height may be adjusted to any desired level.
  • FIG. 5 represents one modification which might be characterized as having maximum dynamic stiffness. By that, it is meant that for small changes in web loop configuration a maximum change in the discharge area is effected.
  • the inner tank 30 is a simple openended shell with no cutouts in the front and rear walls 31 and 32.
  • the tape loop 10C must now sink below the straight lower edge of the front and rear walls to provide a discharge opening. Intuitively, one can appreciate that the rate of change of the area of the discharge opening with respect to loop size is greater than that in the V configuration.
  • the discharge opening is a circular segment defined by the straight lower edge of the inner tank and the circular (or possibly catenary) shape 6 of the .bottom of the tape loop. While this discharge is shown as occurring under the water table, by suitable adjustment of the water table level, this discharge may occur totally into air or partially into both.
  • FIG. 6 Another possible embodiment, which is a compromise between the square-edge of FIG. 5 and the V of FIGS. 1-4 is shown in FIG. 6.
  • This might be characterized as a step function which approximates the inverted V, but is achieved by means of the holes 35, which are drilled through the front and rear Wall 31 and 32 of the inner tank 30.
  • the pattern of these holes is pyramidal so that as the tape sinks deeper, the rate of change of flow increases, much in the manner of the inverted V Weir.
  • These holes 35 in addition to having the pattern shown, may vary in size to effect a non-uniform distribution.
  • the other features of adjustable water table, either as shown, or with the standpipe arrangement remain the same for the modification of FIG. 6.
  • the discharge openings in any one of the modifications illustrated may be made adjustable by securing gates to the outside of the inner tanks 30 to vary the configuration of the discharge openings. These need l be nothing more than simple slotted plates secured by wingnuts to the outsides of Walls 31 and 32.
  • the adjustable gates would extend below the lower edge to change the shape thereof from a straight edge to the desired configuration.
  • selected ones of the holes 35 could be blocked.
  • the curve of the Weir would be modified by the sliding gates. The optimum shapes are preferably obtained by trial and error for each separate combinationof system parameters to achieve the maximum servo efficiency together with the necessary critical damping.
  • a liquid roller web tensioning apparatus wherein the processing liquid is entrapped between walls abutting the sides of a loop in the web.
  • the web loop automatically adjusts to regulate the eliiux of iiuid to the infiux, and the head of entrapped fiuid automatically adjusts to yoffset the web tension.
  • a self-servoing web tensioning device is provided which tensions the web, with the only contact therewith being the liquid employed in the process.
  • a web tensioning apparatus comprising:
  • Apparatus for restraining a web-like member to form a pendulous loop comprising:
  • a liquid servo apparatus for controllably maintaining a pendulous loop in a web which is subjected to varying tension comprising:
  • the volume of the liquid entrapped in said chamber will automatically adjust so that its weight will equal the web tension force, and the loop size will automatically adjust to provide an elux of liquid equ-al to the influx.
  • the apparatus of claim 3 wherein the means for adjusting the liquid level relative to said walled members and said loop comprises means for adjustably moving the outer tank relative to the w-alled members, and the outer tank has an overflow pipe iat a xed level in the tank.
  • the means for adjusting the liquid level comprises a standpipe in the outer tank and means for adjustably -altering the height of the standpipe within the outer tank.
  • a web processing apparatus including a supply reel, a take-up reel, a succession of wet processing stations for chemically operating upon the web, and means forv feeding the web under tension through the successive baths, means for guiding the feeding of the web through each of the processing stations, comprising:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US459269A 1965-05-27 1965-05-27 Web tensioning device Expired - Lifetime US3310062A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US459269A US3310062A (en) 1965-05-27 1965-05-27 Web tensioning device
GB19674/66A GB1079864A (en) 1965-05-27 1966-05-04 Apparatus for the liquid treatment of webs
BE680868D BE680868A (en, 2012) 1965-05-27 1966-05-11
DEJ30857A DE1276416B (de) 1965-05-27 1966-05-17 Einrichtung zum Konstanthalten der Zugspannung eines kontinuierlich durch Behaelter gefuehrten Bandes, Streifens, einer Bahn od. dgl.
CH733166A CH445997A (de) 1965-05-27 1966-05-20 Einrichtung zur selbsttätigen Regelung der Zugspannung einer kontinuierlich durch einen Flüssigkeitsbehälter geführten Bahn
NL6607170A NL6607170A (en, 2012) 1965-05-27 1966-05-25
SE7257/66A SE301086B (en, 2012) 1965-05-27 1966-05-27

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US459269A US3310062A (en) 1965-05-27 1965-05-27 Web tensioning device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3310062A true US3310062A (en) 1967-03-21

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ID=23824088

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US459269A Expired - Lifetime US3310062A (en) 1965-05-27 1965-05-27 Web tensioning device

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3310062A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE680868A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH445997A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1276416B (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1079864A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL6607170A (en, 2012)
SE (1) SE301086B (en, 2012)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457898A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-07-29 Ciba Ltd Apparatus for treating a continuous web or film of material with a liquid
US3626832A (en) * 1968-09-25 1971-12-14 Agfa Gevaert Nv Photographic processing apparatus with liquid level control
US3831612A (en) * 1972-09-15 1974-08-27 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for treating a material
US4333780A (en) * 1980-12-02 1982-06-08 The Dow Chemical Company Submersion treatment of foamable thermoplastic sheet on preforms
US4346724A (en) * 1981-02-11 1982-08-31 Lechler Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for spraying a coolant on a steel slab
US5228635A (en) * 1990-01-26 1993-07-20 Sony Corporation Apparatus having a vacuum chamber for controlling a tape tension thereof/vacuum chamber apparatus for controlling tape tension
US5239327A (en) * 1990-12-28 1993-08-24 Eastman Kodak Company Processor for light sensitive material
US20150000840A1 (en) * 2012-07-27 2015-01-01 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Flexible substrate treatment device
US9724733B2 (en) * 2012-12-21 2017-08-08 Floral Packaging Ip Holdings, Llc Method and system for removing ink from films

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL213528A (en, 2012) * 1952-05-28
DE1055349B (de) * 1954-11-10 1959-04-16 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum UEberwachen der Zugspannung ueber Walzen laufender Material-, insbesondere Papierbahnen in der Papiermaschine
DE1019108B (de) * 1955-02-18 1957-11-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Antriebsanordnung fuer einen bandfoermigen Aufzeichnungstraeger, insbesondere ein Magnetband

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457898A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-07-29 Ciba Ltd Apparatus for treating a continuous web or film of material with a liquid
US3626832A (en) * 1968-09-25 1971-12-14 Agfa Gevaert Nv Photographic processing apparatus with liquid level control
US3831612A (en) * 1972-09-15 1974-08-27 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for treating a material
US4333780A (en) * 1980-12-02 1982-06-08 The Dow Chemical Company Submersion treatment of foamable thermoplastic sheet on preforms
US4346724A (en) * 1981-02-11 1982-08-31 Lechler Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for spraying a coolant on a steel slab
US5228635A (en) * 1990-01-26 1993-07-20 Sony Corporation Apparatus having a vacuum chamber for controlling a tape tension thereof/vacuum chamber apparatus for controlling tape tension
US5239327A (en) * 1990-12-28 1993-08-24 Eastman Kodak Company Processor for light sensitive material
US20150000840A1 (en) * 2012-07-27 2015-01-01 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Flexible substrate treatment device
US10315233B2 (en) * 2012-07-27 2019-06-11 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Flexible substrate treatment device
US9724733B2 (en) * 2012-12-21 2017-08-08 Floral Packaging Ip Holdings, Llc Method and system for removing ink from films
US9731329B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-08-15 Floral Packaging Ip Holdings, Llc Methods for removing ink from films

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1079864A (en) 1967-08-16
NL6607170A (en, 2012) 1966-11-28
BE680868A (en, 2012) 1966-10-17
SE301086B (en, 2012) 1968-05-20
CH445997A (de) 1967-10-31
DE1276416B (de) 1968-08-29

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