US3308760A - Passive magnetic proximity fuse - Google Patents

Passive magnetic proximity fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
US3308760A
US3308760A US243177A US24317762A US3308760A US 3308760 A US3308760 A US 3308760A US 243177 A US243177 A US 243177A US 24317762 A US24317762 A US 24317762A US 3308760 A US3308760 A US 3308760A
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Prior art keywords
magnetic field
fuse
ignition
stage
voltages
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Expired - Lifetime
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US243177A
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English (en)
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Peters Johannes
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Bolkow GmbH
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Bolkow GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/08—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by variations in magnetic field

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a proximity fuse for the ignition of a moving explosive charge, a magnetic field, superimposed to the earths magnetic field and caused by ferromagnetic objeots, serving as release pulse, e.g. for igniting shells, warheads of missiles, and the like.
  • Such passive fuses are responsive to changes with respect to time and/ or space of the earths magnetic field which is homogeneous by nature, said changes being caused by bodies which can produce a magnetic field around them, which field superimposes to the earths magnetic field.
  • This effect can be produced by bodies consisting of ferromagnetic material or having current-carrying, loop-type conductors, for instance landand seacraft, guns, as well as concentrations of small arms and steel helmets.
  • the above-mentioned fuses cannot be used for charges carried by missiles, because magnetic field meters used there are responsive to one component field only.
  • the magnetic field meter does not indicate the true field intensity M, but M.cos 1 where v is the angle formed by the direction of the field to be measured and by the direction of the maximum sensitivity of the measuring instrument. If this angle is changed by the measuring instrument being moved in the field, said instrument will certainly indicate this change. This means that the explosive charge would already be ignited, for instance, by rotations of the missile carrying said charge.
  • the ignition voltage be supplied to the fuse only after said voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold value.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the components of a measuring and sensing device, embodying the invention, within the earths magnetic field, the sensing device having a ball characteristic which is not sensitive to direction;
  • FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the decrease of the disturbance of the earths magnetic field as caused by a ferromagnetic body
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective illustration of the disturbance of the earths magnetic field caused by a flying body, indicated as a target, and which is to be attacked by a second flying body carrying a payload;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a possible arrangement of the inductive components forming the sensing device
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the electronic circuitry incorporated in the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a set of curves illustrating the voltage at the output of the circuitry of FIG. 5 as the flying body, carrying the explosive charge, approaches the target as shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view, partly in section and partly broken away, of one embodiment of the magnetic igniting device of the invention.
  • a fuse working according to the method of the invention has a sensitive device with ball characteristic without directional preference.
  • the changes experienced by the earths homoeneous field due to a ferromagnetic body of any form can also be produced by an equivalent ball with the radius R, the material of which has the relative permeability constant ,u, the radius R having to be chosen in such a way that the same magnetic moment arises.
  • the trajectory 10 of a flying body 11 (FIG. 3) passing within a close distance of target 12 therefore crosses the individual envelopes 13, 13', 13", 13" etc. of different field intensities as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the missile passes through a sequence of measuring values which, in function, of time, form a steady function reaching its maximum value very near the point at which the distance of the flying body from the target is smallest.
  • the voltages induced by the earths magnetic field and corresponding to the three coordinates in quadrature to each other are, according to the development of the invention, amplified individually, multiplied by their own time integral, and the sum is formed of these voltages to which sum is/ are superimposed its time integral and/ or its differential quotient with respect to time.
  • the ignition point is preferentially fixed near the inflection point of the curve of measured values, i.e. the ignition is released in function of the differential quotient with respect to time.
  • intervals to be integrated are considered the less important the more time has elapsed since then, which consideration is according to the invention. Said intervals are preferably such which elapsed about one hundredth second ago.
  • a fuse working according to the method described above has three pairs of coils 13, 14, 15 serving as sensitive devices, cf. FIG. 4, said coils being mounted to freely ending cores I7, 18, 19, 2t), 21, 22 of highly permeable material.
  • the cores are fixed to the surfaces of a cube.
  • dMx dM 1 dMz dz dt dt (8)
  • the lower limit of the integration is the time r This point of time is the moment shortly after launching the missile, when the electronic equipment of the fuse is switched in.
  • the equation shows that the earths magnetic field M existing at this moment automatically cancels out which was already shown above.
  • the voltages induced in the coil pairs and being denoted by e e and 2 in FIG. 4 are supplied to one amplifier each being denoted by 25, 26, and 27 in FIG. 5.
  • the output of the amplifiers have one integrator each denoted by 35, 36, and 37, said integrators being connected to one multiplicator each denoted by 45, 46, and 47.
  • amplifier 25 is directly connected to multiplicator 45 through line 55
  • amplifier 26 is directly connected to multiplicator 46 through line 56
  • amplifier 27 is directly connected to multiplicator 47 through line 57.
  • the outputs of the multiplicators are connected to integrator 30.
  • the summation voltage obtained is supplied to integrator 31, and it is supplied to an adding stage 34 through stage 32, in which the coefficient is inserted, and possibly through differentiator 33 represented by dashed lines.
  • each integrator 35, 36, 37 is equipped with the so-called bad memory, which was already mentioned. If a strict integration supplies t G :f
  • the voltage at output 40 of the wiring diagram according to FIG. essentially follows curve 3 of FIG. 6, which progress of the curve is independent of the orientation of the firing direction with respect to the earths magnetic field. It is the sum of curve 1, which gives the square of the modulus of the interference field, and of its differential quotient (12).
  • coefiicient b and release threshold 4 cf. FIG. 6
  • the release pulse which causes the ignition of the explosive charge can be advanced to time t so that the actual ignition will occur only at time t due to the ignition delay 1 -4 while the nearest approach to the target is reached at about time 2 where curve 1 has its maximum.
  • This figure shows a sectional view of head 70 of missile 11 (cf. FIG. 3), the internal jacket surface of which being formed by a copper covering 71 serving for screening.
  • Cube 24 carrying the sensitive devices 13, 14, and 15, the latter having but one coil each, is fixed to bolt 72 anchored in the cone of the missile so that the cubes main diagonal coincides with the longitudinal axis of the missile.
  • the electronic parts of the ignition device shown in FIG. 5 as a block diagram are arranged on two plates 73 and 74 of conventional design and are connected to the sensitive devices through lines 75, 76, and 77.
  • Line 40 leads from plate 74 to fuse 61 shown schematically only, said fuse 61 projecting into the explosive charge 78 of the missile.
  • Another arrangement of the structural elements of the ignition device is certainly possible, too.
  • a method for igniting an explosive charge having a relative speed with respect to a target, which target causes a change of the earths magnetic field, which change induces voltages in an ignition device and which voltages are added to produce an ignition voltage comprising simultaneously deriving, in a manner known per se, the induced voltages corresponding to such changes in the earths magnetic field in three coordinates in quadrature with each other, individually amplifying each induced voltage, multiplying each amplified induced voltage by its own respective time integral, adding the thus obtained products of amplified voltages to derive a summation voltage proportional to the differential quotient of the square of the modulus of the change of the intensity of the earths magnetic field, and applying said summation voltage to a fuse as an ignition voltage.
  • a proximity fuse responding to changes of the earths magnetic field as produced by ferromagnetic bodies, the improvement comprising three coils arranged in quadrature with each other, three amplifiers each connected to a respective coil, three multiplication stages each connected directly to a respective amplifier, three integration stages each connecting a respective mutilplication stage to its respective amplifier, a summation stage connected in parallel to all of the multiplication stages, an output stage, a further integration stage and a damping element connecting said output stage to the output of said summation stage, and a fuse connected to the output of said output stage.
  • a proximity fuse responding to changes in the earths magnetic field such as produced by ferromagnetic bodies, the improvement comprising three coils arranged in quadrature with each other, three amplifiers each connected to a respective coil, three multiplication stages each directly connected to a respective amplifier, three integration stages, each connected between a respective multiplication stage and its associated respective amplifier, a summation stage commonly connected to all of said multiplication stages, an output stage, a further integration stage, a damping element and a differentation element connected in parallel with each other between the output of said summation stage and said output stage, and a fuse connected to the output of said output stage.
  • a proximity fuse responding to change of the earths magnetic field such as produced by a ferromagnetic body, the improvement comprising three coils arranged in quadrature with each other, three amplifiers each connected to a respective coil, three multiplication stages each directly connected to a respective amplifier, three integration stages each connected between a respective multiplication stage and the associated respective amplifier stage, a summation stage connected in common to all of said multiplication stages, an output stage, an integration stage and a damping element connected, in parallel with each other, between said output stage and the output of said summation stage, means for deriving a threshh-old voltage value, means for comparing said threshhold voltage value with the output of said output stage, a fuse connected to the output of said output stage to said fuse when said output voltage exceeds said threshhold value.
  • a proximity fuse responsive to changes of the earths magnetic field such as produced by ferromagnetic bodies, three coils arranged in quadrature with each other, three amplifiers, each being connected to a respective coil, each of said amplifiers constituting a band pass amplifier having an amplification characteristic adjustable in accordance with the size of the target or the velocity of the fuse, three multiplication stages each directly connected to a respective amplifier, three integration stages each connected between a respective multiplication stage and the associated respective amplifier, a summation stage commonly connected to all of said multiplication stages, an output stage, a further integration stage and a damping element connected in parallel with each other between said output stage and the output of said summation stage, and a fuse connected to the output of said output stage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US243177A 1961-12-23 1962-11-29 Passive magnetic proximity fuse Expired - Lifetime US3308760A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB65340A DE977533C (de) 1961-12-23 1961-12-23 Verfahren zum Zuenden einer sich bewegenden Sprengladung, bei dem als Ausloeseimpuls ein dem Erdfeld ueberlagertes, von ferromagnetischen Objekten verursachtes Magnetfeld dient, und nach diesem Verfahren arbeitender magnetischer Annaeherungszuender

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US3308760A true US3308760A (en) 1967-03-14

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US243177A Expired - Lifetime US3308760A (en) 1961-12-23 1962-11-29 Passive magnetic proximity fuse

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US (1) US3308760A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE977533C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1477415A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1050490A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3789351A (en) * 1970-09-04 1974-01-29 Us Navy Guidance system
WO1987001536A1 (en) * 1985-09-06 1987-03-12 Ici Australia Limited Receiver-processor
FR2613063A1 (fr) * 1980-01-28 1988-09-30 France Etat Armement Procede et dispositif de mise a feu magnetique de mines sous-marines
DE3708582A1 (de) * 1986-03-19 1988-12-29 Thorn Emi Electronics Ltd Magnetische sensor-anordnung
FR2631694A1 (fr) * 1988-05-19 1989-11-24 Clausin Jacques Dispositif de mise de feu a effet de proximite de charges explosives a effet dirige
FR2660762A1 (fr) * 1990-04-05 1991-10-11 Giat Ind Sa Procede et dispositif de detection d'un vehicule terrestre ferro-magnetique.
US5070790A (en) * 1989-03-14 1991-12-10 Thomson-Csf Target marker to attract projectiles provided with a homing head
US5423262A (en) * 1992-11-04 1995-06-13 Bofors Ab Magnetic proximity fuse
US5909409A (en) * 1969-01-08 1999-06-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and apparatus for underwater acoustic detection and location of an object
US10935357B2 (en) 2018-04-25 2021-03-02 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Proximity fuse having an E-field sensor

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2260185B (en) * 1978-12-07 1993-09-22 Secr Defence Improvements in or relating to metal target discriminators
DE3405439C2 (de) * 1984-02-15 1986-03-06 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Zündsignals in Abhängigkeit einer Störung des Erdmagnetfeldes
IL102256A (en) * 1992-06-18 1996-03-31 Israel Aircraft Ind Ltd Remote blasting means, especially for neutralizing vehicles
RU2149348C1 (ru) * 1997-09-12 2000-05-20 Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики Магнитный дистанционный взрыватель

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2485931A (en) * 1943-04-20 1949-10-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic field strength indicator
US2792782A (en) * 1950-03-30 1957-05-21 Robert J Schiller Magnetic field sensitive apparatus
US2966853A (en) * 1941-10-27 1961-01-03 Jr Edward S Gilfillan Buoyant mine with gradiometer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431319A (en) * 1943-02-09 1947-11-25 Walter B Ellwood Magnetic firing device
US2434551A (en) * 1943-08-11 1948-01-13 Eliomarkakis Panayottis John Magnetic fuse
US2719486A (en) * 1944-06-20 1955-10-04 Harold J Plumley Fuze for a bomb
US2993440A (en) * 1945-04-06 1961-07-25 Lewis W Chubb Control device
US2514359A (en) * 1945-12-28 1950-07-11 Malcolm G Allison Proximity fuse
US2933059A (en) * 1953-10-28 1960-04-19 Sperry Rand Corp Shipboard degaussing system
US2886773A (en) * 1954-10-11 1959-05-12 Potosky Maurice Orientation system for magnetometers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966853A (en) * 1941-10-27 1961-01-03 Jr Edward S Gilfillan Buoyant mine with gradiometer
US2485931A (en) * 1943-04-20 1949-10-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic field strength indicator
US2792782A (en) * 1950-03-30 1957-05-21 Robert J Schiller Magnetic field sensitive apparatus

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5909409A (en) * 1969-01-08 1999-06-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and apparatus for underwater acoustic detection and location of an object
US3789351A (en) * 1970-09-04 1974-01-29 Us Navy Guidance system
FR2613063A1 (fr) * 1980-01-28 1988-09-30 France Etat Armement Procede et dispositif de mise a feu magnetique de mines sous-marines
WO1987001536A1 (en) * 1985-09-06 1987-03-12 Ici Australia Limited Receiver-processor
EP0214829A3 (en) * 1985-09-06 1988-09-07 Ici Australia Limited Omnidirectional antenna array
US4811665A (en) * 1986-03-19 1989-03-14 Thorn Emi Electronics Limited Magnetic sensor arrangement
FR2619930A1 (fr) * 1986-03-19 1989-03-03 Thorn Emi Electronics Ltd Systeme de detection magnetique et mine explosive incorporant ce systeme
DE3708582A1 (de) * 1986-03-19 1988-12-29 Thorn Emi Electronics Ltd Magnetische sensor-anordnung
FR2631694A1 (fr) * 1988-05-19 1989-11-24 Clausin Jacques Dispositif de mise de feu a effet de proximite de charges explosives a effet dirige
US5070790A (en) * 1989-03-14 1991-12-10 Thomson-Csf Target marker to attract projectiles provided with a homing head
FR2660762A1 (fr) * 1990-04-05 1991-10-11 Giat Ind Sa Procede et dispositif de detection d'un vehicule terrestre ferro-magnetique.
EP0453347A1 (fr) * 1990-04-05 1991-10-23 GIAT Industries Procédé de détection d'un véhicule terrestre ferro-magnétique
US5423262A (en) * 1992-11-04 1995-06-13 Bofors Ab Magnetic proximity fuse
US10935357B2 (en) 2018-04-25 2021-03-02 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Proximity fuse having an E-field sensor

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Publication number Publication date
DE977533C (de) 1966-11-24
GB1050490A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR1477415A (fr) 1967-04-21

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