US3308263A - Arrangement for welding, cutting or working materials by means of an electron beam - Google Patents

Arrangement for welding, cutting or working materials by means of an electron beam Download PDF

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Publication number
US3308263A
US3308263A US343656A US34365664A US3308263A US 3308263 A US3308263 A US 3308263A US 343656 A US343656 A US 343656A US 34365664 A US34365664 A US 34365664A US 3308263 A US3308263 A US 3308263A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electron
electron beam
workpiece
lens
optical lens
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US343656A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schleich Fritz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Technologies Corp
Original Assignee
United Aircraft Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Aircraft Corp filed Critical United Aircraft Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3308263A publication Critical patent/US3308263A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0013—Positioning or observing workpieces, e.g. with respect to the impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing electronbeams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/02—Details
    • H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
    • H01J37/3002—Details
    • H01J37/3007—Electron or ion-optical systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to working a material with a beam of charged particles. More particularly to performing operations such as welding, cutting, melting, evaporating, or machining on any material with an electron beam.
  • a further difliculty which arises in using the above mentioned beam cross-section obtained by electronoptical reduction resides in the fact that although it is still possible to locate in the small interval between the electron-optical lens and the plane of the reduced picture an electromagnetic deflection system for the movement of the electron beam relative to the workpiece surface only a relatively small surface area may be scanned by the electron beam on the workpiece, which is not sufiicient for all working purposes. It is desirable to adjust the electron beam relative to the surface on the workpiece to be worked also with the mentioned electro-magnetic deflecting device because mechanical movement of the workpiece relative to the stationary electron beam is not in all cases possible with the desired speed, or it provides in many cases a technically inconvenient solution.
  • the invention relates to an arrangement for welding, for cutting or for working materials by means of an electron beam in which a first electron-optical lens projects a scaled down or reduced picture of an electron beam source and is characterized in that from this reduced picture a non-magnified or a weakly magnified picture is projected through an additional electron optical lens on the workpiece.
  • numeral 1 designates a cathode
  • numeral 2 a control cylinder and numeral 3 a grounded anode of cathode ray generating system.
  • a high voltage of about kv. is produced and fed to a structure So by means of a high voltage cable having a grounded sheath.
  • This structure contains a device 6:: for producing an adjustable heating voltage, a device 7a for producing control pulses and a device So for producing an adjustable biasing voltage for the control cylinder 2. These voltages are fed over a high voltage cable to the beam generating system 1, 2, 3.
  • the pulse duty factor of the control impulses may be for example 1:2, i.e., the pulse duration and the pulse interruption are equally long.
  • the duration of an individual electron beam impulse is chosen in this case to be about 10- seconds.
  • an electron-optical lens is arranged in the housing 4 of the electron beam apparatus.
  • This lens consisting of a coil 5 fed by direct current, projects a reduced picture of the electron beam source or in the plane of an apertured diaphragm 6.
  • the electron beam source thus may be seen either in the cathode surface or in the central aperture of anode 3 filled with electron rays.
  • This reduced picture in the plane of the apertured diaphragm 6 is now pictured by means of an additional electron-optical lens consisting of a direct current fed coil 7 in the plane of the workpiece 8 to be treated.
  • the embodiment of the invention illustrated shows also a further improvement which relates to the design of the electromagnetic deflection device located between the lens 7 and the workpiece 8.
  • a deflection device which constitutes an improvement of the apparatus described is disclosed in its structure and operation hereafter by means of the drawings for the specific case wherein the workpiece 8 in addition to a hole at the point of the dot-and-dash line 13 which may be located for example in the center of the workpiece, another hole is to be provided at the point of the dot-and-dash line 14, and a third hole at the point of the dot-and dash line 15.
  • the hole 13 may be produced by the electron beam in the center of the workpiece 8 without any ditticulty in the conventional manner.
  • the electron beam 10 is deflected as indicated by dotted line 10a by means of a known deflection device 16 consisting of four coils and thereafter is deflected once more in an additional electromagnetic deflection device 17 consisting also of four coils and located below the deflection device 16, so that it travels again parallel to the direction of the original beam 10.
  • a known deflection device 16 consisting of four coils and thereafter is deflected once more in an additional electromagnetic deflection device 17 consisting also of four coils and located below the deflection device 16, so that it travels again parallel to the direction of the original beam 10.
  • the drilling at the point of line 15 may now be produced in that one deflects the beam in the deflection device 16 somewhat more strongly than for producing the drilling 14 and by providing in the deflection device 17 such a current magnitude that at the point of the dot-and-dash line 15 the beam impinges again perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, i.e., parallel the direction of the original beam 10.
  • the quantiy Ar is the radius of the electron optical picture of the parallel beam and the angle a is the so called aperture angle or opening angle, namely the half opening angle of that beam cone whose base line lies in the bore of the electron-optical lens and whose apex lies in the spot of the focal point.
  • the quantity C5 is called the aperture fault constant.
  • C is a constant which is dependent on the relationship of the bore diameter and the slot width of the electron-optical lens, Ni is the number of ampere turns, and U the accelerating voltage of the electrons.
  • the working distance A is based on the above mentioned considerations, and for the additional electron-optical lens provided according to the invention it is recognized that one must work in the minimum point of the mentioned ratio of the aperture fault constant and of the working distance, if one desires to produce a focal point which is suitable for welding, cutting, or working materials, i.e., a focal point which is at the same time small and also very intensive.
  • a device for welding, cutting or working materials by means of a source of a beam of charged particles comprising:
  • said first lens providing a reduced image of said beam source, a second magnetic electron optical lens located between the first lens and the materials to be worked,
  • said second lens working with a minimum value of the ratio k, comprising the division of the aperture constant by the working distance and where k is defined by the relationship wherein c is a constant depending on the ratio of the bore diameter and the slot width of the lens, Ni is the number of ampere turns, and U is the acceleration voltage of the electrons.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
US343656A 1963-02-13 1964-02-10 Arrangement for welding, cutting or working materials by means of an electron beam Expired - Lifetime US3308263A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEZ9916A DE1261971B (de) 1963-02-13 1963-02-13 Einrichtung zum Schweissen, Schneiden oder zur Materialbearbeitung mittels eines Ladungstraegerstrahls

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3308263A true US3308263A (en) 1967-03-07

Family

ID=7621112

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US343656A Expired - Lifetime US3308263A (en) 1963-02-13 1964-02-10 Arrangement for welding, cutting or working materials by means of an electron beam

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3308263A (xx)
BE (1) BE643680A (xx)
CH (1) CH414893A (xx)
DE (1) DE1261971B (xx)
FR (1) FR1383333A (xx)
GB (1) GB1035132A (xx)
NL (1) NL6401288A (xx)
SE (1) SE310919B (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3397672A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-08-20 United States Steel Corp Control system for vapor-deposition coating apparatus
US3576965A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-05-04 Laser Tech Sa Method and device for boring workpieces, particularly watch jewels by means of laser pulses
US3601576A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-08-24 Laser Tech Sa Method for boring workpieces by laser pulses
US3780256A (en) * 1972-08-08 1973-12-18 Atomic Energy Commission Method for producing spike-free electron beam partial penetration welds
US4058697A (en) * 1972-10-09 1977-11-15 Boris Grigorievich Sokolov Electron beam unit for heat treatment by electron bombardment technique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981823A (en) * 1958-05-05 1961-04-25 Nat Res Corp Production of metals
US3082316A (en) * 1960-04-12 1963-03-19 Air Reduction Electron beam welding
US3182175A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-05-04 Nat Res Corp Electron beam heating device
US3201631A (en) * 1959-01-02 1965-08-17 High Voltage Engineering Corp Short focus lens at focal point of long focus lens

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL271015A (xx) * 1960-12-06

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981823A (en) * 1958-05-05 1961-04-25 Nat Res Corp Production of metals
US3201631A (en) * 1959-01-02 1965-08-17 High Voltage Engineering Corp Short focus lens at focal point of long focus lens
US3082316A (en) * 1960-04-12 1963-03-19 Air Reduction Electron beam welding
US3182175A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-05-04 Nat Res Corp Electron beam heating device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3397672A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-08-20 United States Steel Corp Control system for vapor-deposition coating apparatus
US3576965A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-05-04 Laser Tech Sa Method and device for boring workpieces, particularly watch jewels by means of laser pulses
US3601576A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-08-24 Laser Tech Sa Method for boring workpieces by laser pulses
US3780256A (en) * 1972-08-08 1973-12-18 Atomic Energy Commission Method for producing spike-free electron beam partial penetration welds
US4058697A (en) * 1972-10-09 1977-11-15 Boris Grigorievich Sokolov Electron beam unit for heat treatment by electron bombardment technique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE310919B (xx) 1969-05-19
DE1261971B (de) 1968-02-29
BE643680A (xx) 1964-05-29
CH414893A (de) 1966-06-15
GB1035132A (en) 1966-07-06
NL6401288A (xx) 1964-08-17
FR1383333A (fr) 1964-12-24

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