US3307459A - Spacer control for phototypesetting system - Google Patents

Spacer control for phototypesetting system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3307459A
US3307459A US454157A US45415765A US3307459A US 3307459 A US3307459 A US 3307459A US 454157 A US454157 A US 454157A US 45415765 A US45415765 A US 45415765A US 3307459 A US3307459 A US 3307459A
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United States
Prior art keywords
spacing
circuit
character
reader
output
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Expired - Lifetime
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US454157A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Ralph A Proud
Richard C O'brien
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Harris Corp
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Harris Intertype Corp
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Application filed by Harris Intertype Corp filed Critical Harris Intertype Corp
Priority to US454157A priority Critical patent/US3307459A/en
Priority to GB19575/66A priority patent/GB1145384A/en
Priority to DE19661538824 priority patent/DE1538824A1/de
Priority to NL6606205A priority patent/NL6606205A/xx
Priority to BE680664D priority patent/BE680664A/xx
Priority to CH659966A priority patent/CH468741A/de
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Publication of US3307459A publication Critical patent/US3307459A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B21/00—Common details of photographic composing machines of the kinds covered in groups B41B17/00 and B41B19/00
    • B41B21/32—Film carriers; Film-conveying or positioning devices
    • B41B21/34—Film carriers; Film-conveying or positioning devices with positioning mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B21/00—Common details of photographic composing machines of the kinds covered in groups B41B17/00 and B41B19/00
    • B41B21/32—Film carriers; Film-conveying or positioning devices
    • B41B21/34—Film carriers; Film-conveying or positioning devices with positioning mechanisms
    • B41B21/36—Film carriers; Film-conveying or positioning devices with positioning mechanisms for feeding films stepwise in line direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B27/00—Control, indicating, or safety devices or systems for composing machines of various kinds or types
    • B41B27/28—Control, indicating, or safety devices for individual operations or machine elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in digital stepping motors and in spacer controls for phototypesetting machines, particularly with respect to digital controls and transducers operating to produce spacing movements of photosensitive material in a phototypesetting machine.
  • the characters to be reproduced are generated by photographic devices which project shaped light beams along an optical axis or path onto photosensitive material.
  • the character images are thus formed on the photosensitive material in succession, and at the desired size, and in order to space the characters, one from another, according to typographic requirements, it is necessary to produce relative movement between the photosensitive material and the optical path according to the spacing desired for each character as it is projected.
  • Various systems have been proposed wherein this spacing operation occurs either before or after the flash exposure which produces the character image.
  • the present invention is applicable to such arrangements, but it is particularly useful in connection with phototypesetting machines where the latent photographic image is formed on the photosensitive material and the spacing movement occurs thereafter, such as described in said application Patent No. 3,183,806.
  • the present invention relates particularly to controls for high speed stepping motors, and to their use with phototypesetting systems where the spacing movement occurs on some type of digital basis, in other words, the spacing movement between the photosensitive material and the optical path is produced as a plurality of small spacing increments.
  • these increments should be small enough that the difference between them is minute, for example, one system employs individual spacing increments of one-sixty-fourth of a pica (approximately 0.0026") and in order to obtain optimum speed from the machine it is desired to have the ability to produce an exact number of such incremental movements, which number will vary according to the width require ments for different characters, within a short time.
  • machines with which the present invention is concerned can employ rotating character matrices, together with high speed light flashes and controls which will cause the exposure of a character for each revolution of the character matrix disc.
  • the disc rotating for example at 2,400 rpm, or forty revolutions per second, and allowing time for acceleration and deceleration, and time for the computation of the character width data, it will be appreciated that the time requirements on spacing controls of this type are severe, and therefore any improvement in the deceleration characteristics of the spacer controls and equipment will in particular be of great ad vantage in improving the speed and reliability of the system.
  • the primary object of this invention is to provide an improved spacing control for phototypesetting machines.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel stepping motor drive, which may be used for exv Patented Mar. 7,1967
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved energy absorbing or braking mechanism for high speed, relatively low torque systems, such as the spacing mechanism of a phototypesetting machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic and block diagram showing the overall arrangement of a typical phototypesetting machine to which the present invention is directed;
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing details of the character decoder which is incorporated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the brake control shown in FIG. 1, for controlling the operation of an energy absorbing system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective side view of a spacing motor drive and energy absorbing mechanism according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an end view of the device shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a detailed view of the energy absorbing mechanism per se.
  • FIG. 1 shows the general arrangement of a phototypesetting apparatus embodying the features of the present invention.
  • the apparatus is controlled by a perforated code tape 10, or an equivalent memory or record, and this tape passes through a pair of readers 12 and 15.
  • the direction of travel of the tape is such that it first passes through the reader 12 and then through the reader 15.
  • Both of these readers are preferably of a known type as shown in United States Patent No. 3,027,072, called a star wheel reader, or a conventional reader of equivalent function.
  • the reader 12 is arranged to ignore all code words (e.g., a complete group of code perforations across the tape) on the tape except any of the three end-of-line codes, which indicate an accepted line, or a rejected line, or a non-justified line.
  • the output contacts of reader 12 are connected through a cable 17 to an end-of-line decoder circuit 20.
  • This circuit includes appropriate controls for the drive of the reader 12, and thus will permit the reader to continue to pass tape therethrough until one of the three aforementioned codes appears on the reader. At such time, reader 12 will stop on the appropriate code word while the function operations dictatedby the code are completed. This may mean that reader 12 will hold on a code while an entire line is being composed.
  • the reader 15 termed hereafter the character reader, has its outputs connected through a cable 25 to a separate character decoder circuit 30.
  • the essential details of this circuit are shown in FIG. 2.
  • the circuit includes controls for the drive of reader 15, and these likewise are arranged to stop reader 15, among other reasons, whenever one of the three. end-of-line codes appears in the reader. Therefore, reader 15 will stop for example on the endof-line code for a previously composed line, the reader 12 will stop on the end-of-line code for the line which is to be composed, and the portion or loop of tape between the readers, as shown in FIG. 1, will contain the information necessary to compose a full line of composition.
  • the output circuits from this decoder will pass through a cable 32, for example as control voltages applied to one or mores wires in the cable, and the wires from the cable are connected to a length memory circuit (for example conventional memory circuits) which in turn is arranged to preset a length counter 37 upon command.
  • This counter is part of a justification computer which also includes a controlled flipflop FFI, connected to the length counter, and arranged to connect the output of a 100 kc.
  • pulse generator 33 to the length counter 37
  • other leads of cable 32 are connected to preset a word space memory circuit 40, into which is set the number of interword spaces in the line being composed, for purposes of justifying computation.
  • the word space memory may likewise include a conventional memory circuit, and is arranged to preset a word space counter 42 which cooperates with the length counter 37 in making the justifying computation. Control over the justifying computing operation is exercised by a control flip-flop FF2 which in turn switches on or off the l kc. pulse generator 45.
  • the parts 35-45 are shown as subdivisions of an entire block 48, which will hereafter be identified as the justification computer.
  • Its output is in the form of a number of electronic pulses passed through line St to the spacing control motor 57 which is driven from the space control circuit 55.
  • This motor and circuit may be of the type disclosed in said application Patent No. 3,183,806.
  • the character decoder circuit 30 Whenever the character decoder circuit 30 receives the code for a justified interword space, an appropriate signal is transmitted through the output line 58 of that circuit to the justification computer, and this initiates the operation of the computer whereby the amount of space not occopied by characters in the line of composition, having been stored in the length memory 35, is set into the counter 37, and is divided by the number of interword spaces which are similarly stored in the word space memory and set into counter 42. The resulting quotient is expressed in terms of the number of spacing pulses from the justifying computer output through line 56 to the space control circuit 55.
  • the cable 32 contains leads arranged to preset a leading memory circuit 60 which in turn is arranged to set up a leading counter 62 controlled by flip-flop circuit FF3.
  • the output of this circuit is through lead 63 from the pulse generator 64 comprising part of the leading computer indicated generally at 65.
  • the output line 63 provides an input to a leading control circuit 66, comparable to the space control circuit 55, as alsodescribed in the aforementioned Patent No. 3,183,- 806. This circuit controls the leading drive motor 67.
  • the tape 10 is shown in FIG. 1 as a conventional pen forated paper tape having eight channels for information, whereby a so-called eight-bit code word can be used for recording purposes. These channels are indicated by the letters (1-11, and further reference thereto will be made with regard to the particular channel, for example, tile.
  • the tape is advanced by a sprocket wheel (not shown) incorporated in the reader, it being understood that this reader construction is generally the same for both readers 12 and 15.
  • the drive sprocket has a suitable stepping drive which causes a stcp-by-step advance of sprocket wheel, whereby successive code words on the tape can be presentedto the star wheel reading apparatus.
  • a code word comprises a corresponding area in each of the channels 10ah, preferably aligned across the tape, and each code word will comprise a bit of information from a channel according to presence or absence of a hole in the tape.
  • Each lever arm has a corresponding contact arm 8411-8411 (FIG. 2), and these arms form electrical circuit contacts each of which moves between related stationary contacts, identified as contacts a1 and 856i through 85728 and 851%. These are shown in FIG. 2 on the input side of the character decoding circuit.
  • the reader therefore, will present outputs on these contacts according to the position of the corresponding star wheel, and for every code word there will be a possible completed circuit through each lever arm 84a-84h, differentiating between presence and absence of a hole. Not all of the available output circuits are required, however. Note in FIG. 2 that no circuit is used for 1 5, '6, or 7.
  • the reader 15 Each time the reader 15 reads a code word, it will decide this code word and distinguish between a character identification (or character selection) code and a function controlling code. Basically, the difference between these two types of codes is determined by the presence or absence of a hole in the channel 10h, i.e., an 8 or d signal.
  • each of the decoding circuit lines is connected through a transistor amplifier, one of which is shown schematically at 102.
  • the seven selection output lines pass through cable to the character selector circuit 108.
  • This circuit is controlled by the code reading photocells 110, as more fully explained in said Patent No. 3,059,219, and the character elector circuit in turn controls the function of a spark control unit 112 and a flash control unit 113,
  • These units are separate triggering circuits, the spark control unit being connected to the electrodes 115 to cause a spark to jump the gap therebetween and produce an instantaneous flash of light when the desired character passes the projection station, indicated by the dot-dash line 116 which shows the optical axis of the system.
  • the character disc 120 Rotating continuously at fairly high speed, e.g., 2400 r.p.rn. across the optical or projection path, is the character disc 120 which is preferably an opaque plate-like member having the individual characters formed as transparencies such that a shaped light beam is formed by the light passing through the selected character.
  • the timing of the flash is of course precise and of such short duration that the character image bearing light beam is effectively stationary.
  • This beam passes through the font selector prism system 122, as described in United States Patent No. 3,099,945, and thence through the size controlling lenses 125. From these lenses the character image bearing beam passes through an optical fiat 127, or the like, which may be pivoted between two positions by the space controller solenoid 128, as described in said Patent No.
  • the image is focused on the photosensitive material 130, which may be film or paper draped over and controlled by the spacing carriage 132.
  • This carriage is moved transversely to the optical system by the spacing control motor 57 through the rack and pinion drive 133.
  • Leading movements of the photosensitive material i.e., vertically, are provided through the elongated gear 134 driven from the leading control motor 67.
  • This code is read by flashing the elongated light tube 140 under control of the flash unit 113, at the same time that the character is photographed. A unit width code is thus projected to the bank of code reading photocells 142, and their outputs are fed through cable 144 to the space computer 145.
  • This computer is provided with a control flip-flop FF4 and a pulse generator 146, and which includes a separate input through cable 150 from a drum type selector switch 152 which is coupled to the lens positioning controller 154, these parts in turn being under control of the size control circuit 95.
  • a second character disc 120a there is a second character disc 120a, and it may be moved alternatively into the optical system under control of a disc shifting apparatus 155 which is driven by disc shifting pneumatic cylinders, one of which is shown at 156. Operationof these cylinders is controlled by a disc change control circuit 160 operating from signals passing through cable 162 which leads the decoder circuit 30.
  • the decoder circuit operates to determine whether a character selection code or a function control code is presented, and routes the information accordingly either to the character selector or to the appropriate one of the function control circuits.
  • the tabulate circuit 175. As soon as the character selection operation, or the function operation is complete, then a signal is transmitted to the character decoder which in turn generates a tape read pulse or signal to the reader 15.
  • the read pulse amplifier 170 shown schematically in FIG. 2, has an input 171 through which the feedback or go ahead pulse is received, and has two separate output lines 172 and 173 which both transmit the tape read pulse.
  • Line 172 leads to the common connection of the first seven stations of the reader and line 173 leads to a stepping switch in the size control circuit 95. Since all operations of the machine require an output pulse through either the 8 or 8 line of the character decoder (note FIG.
  • the present invention is particularly concerned with operation of the stepping motor 57 in performing the spacing operations according to pulses transmitted to it from the pulse generating means which may be pulse generators in any one of the space computers 145, the justific-ation computer 43, or the tabulate control 175. These pulses are transmitted to the space control 55 on the lines 148, 50 and 176, respectively. As shown in FIG. 1, each of these lines also is directed to anOR gate circuit 180. Whenever spacing pulses are being transmitted to the space control 55, a 13.0 level is established in the OR gate, but when the spacing pulses stop, this level drops and accordingly a signal is transmitted over line 182 to the brake control circuit 185. Details of this circuit are shown in FIG. 3, and are explained hereafter in greater detail.
  • the operation is such that the brake control circuit applies power momentarily to an energy absorbing mechanism which is incorporated in the output of the stepping motor 57.
  • the mechanism 19% is termed a brake, but it should be understood that the function of this mechanism is to absorb energy from the stepping motor output momentarily, but not to lock that output in position.
  • the brake mechanism 198 is not applied, and the ultimate po sition of the stepping motor output, and hence of film carriage 132, remains under the control of the stepping motor, as described in said Patent No. 3,183,806.
  • the structure of the brake control mechanism is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • the stepping motor 57 is mounted on a supporting framework 200, and the motor output shaft 202 extends to a toothed clutch 2ti5.
  • This clutch is normally engaged, as shown, but it can 'be opened by causing the lever 206 (FIG. 5) to pivot around a pivot pin 207, carrying the output portion 208 of the clutch, and its shaft, out of engagement with the input side.
  • This movement may be accomplished by energizing a clutch solenoid (not shown).
  • the output member 203 of the toothed clutch thus functions to rotate the pinion 133a of the rack and pinion drive 133 which moves the film carriage 132 (FIG. 1).
  • a brake disc member 210 On the stepping motor output shaft 202 there is fixed a brake disc member 210.
  • This disc preferably is constructed of a soft iron, and is provided with a rather heavy chrome plating.
  • the plating may be in the form of 0.001 inch.
  • the disc 210 thus forms the rotor portion of the brake mechanism 190.
  • the stator of the brake system is formed as an electromagnet including a horseshoe-shaped armature 215 fastened to a carrying bracket 216 which in turn is carried by a relatively thin spring-like plate/217. This plate is fastened at its upper end to the bracket member 218 which is incorporated in the frame member 2%.
  • the brake coils 220 are wound on the pole pieces of the armature 215, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and are provided with power leads 222.
  • the armature is formed as a laminated material since this serves to reduce the electric response time of the brake system by reducing eddy current elfects.
  • the same result can be obtained by use of a powdered iron armature structure.
  • the face of the stator pole pieces, as shown in FIG. 5, is thus a flat terminus of the plurality of la-minations. These may be arranged either horizontally or vertically, or in some other convenient'rnanner, although a vertical lamination direction is shown.
  • a spacing operation is underway, a DC. level is established as an output of the OR gate 180. This is applied to the input line 182 of the brake control, as shown in FIG. 3. This signal is coupled to the base circuit of the transistor Q1, which together with the resistors and capacitors and the dio CR1, form an edge sensitive amplifier.
  • the output level in line 182 falls, as a result of cessation of a spacing operation, there is an immediate output from this amplifier circuit through C1 to a one-shot multivibrator circuit provided by the transistors Q2, Q3, and the diodes, capacitors, and resistors connected therethrough, as shown.
  • the output of this m-ultivibrator is coupled to the base of the power transistor Q4.
  • an output pulse from the multivibrator will cause the power transistor Q4 to conduct and apply power through the brake coil output lines 225 and thence through the lines 222 to the coils 220 of the brake mechanism.
  • the time constants of the circuit are such that the pulse from the multivibrator circuit is suflicient to energize the brake mechanism for approximately ten to fifteen milliseconds. It has been found that applying a retarding force through the brake mechanism for this amount of time is adequate to obtain a substantial decrease in the time required for the stepping motor output to come to a complete stop.
  • the present invention therefore, provides a means for removing kinetic energy from the spacing system of a phototypesetting machine, thereby obtaining a net gain in time during each spacing operation which, during the course of several hours of operation of the machine, may amount to a substantial span of time. More important, the system assures that the film carriage is stabilized in the desired position before the next character is Photo graphed. This system thus contributes to the accuracy of placement of the character images at the high speeds required of commercial phototypesetting systems.
  • the invention is its broader aspects also is concerned with the control of stepping motors used for other purposes, such as driving a high speed tape reader, or in any device where digital or stepping drive is required with rapid deceleration.
  • a phototypesetting apparatus having means for projecting character images of different Widths along a common path and a means for mounting photosensitive record material in an image plane over said projecting means for recording the images to produce lines of composition, and including spacer means operative to cause spacing movement between said mounting means and said common path, said spacer means incorporating a stepping motor having an output member adapted for movement in a predetermined number of equal steps for causing spacing movement in digital fashion and for maintaining its position solely through the application of an electrical field within said stepping motor, means for generating digital spacing information representing spacing movements desired, and circuit means operative to direct said digital spacing information as control pulses to said stepping motor to cause operation thereof in a predetermined number of steps; the improvement comprising a deceleration control circuit responsive to said circuit means to generate a signal indicating the cessation of operation of said generating means, a selectively operable energy absorbing mechanism connected to said position control member for retarding movement thereof, and a circuit controlling the operation of said energy absorbing mechanism to render it operative at each cess
  • said circuit controlling the operation of said energy absorbing mechanism includes a multivibrator circuit operatively connected to produce a single energizing pulse to said energy absorbing mechanism in response to an output from said deceleration control circuit, such pulse having a relatively rapid rise time and relatively slower decay time to cause said energy absorbing mechanism to engage quickly against further movement of said motor output member and to release more slowly to enable said motor output member to achieve its final position under the control of the electrical force field than existing within said stepping motor.
  • a phototypesetting apparatus having means for successively projecting character images of different widths along a common path and a means for mounting photosensitive record material in an image plane for recording the images in succession to produce lines of composition
  • spacer means operative to cause relative spacing movement between said common path and said mounting means
  • an electrical stepping motor having an output rotor shaft, an output connection between said rotor and said spacer means, said motor including means for creating an electrical force field movable one step at a time in response to a control pulse and operative on said rotor to maintain precise positioning thereof and to move said rotor in precise stepped spacing increments
  • space control means directing such pulses to said motor to provide stepby-step spacing movement of said spacer means according to the spacing information for each related character image
  • a brake control circuit means operative to provide an output signal indicating cessation of operation of said pulse

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  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Photographic Developing Apparatuses (AREA)
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US454157A 1965-05-07 1965-05-07 Spacer control for phototypesetting system Expired - Lifetime US3307459A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US454157A US3307459A (en) 1965-05-07 1965-05-07 Spacer control for phototypesetting system
GB19575/66A GB1145384A (en) 1965-05-07 1966-05-03 Improvements in or relating to phototypesetting apparatus
DE19661538824 DE1538824A1 (de) 1965-05-07 1966-05-04 Abstandssteuerung fuer Photosetzmaschinen
NL6606205A NL6606205A (it) 1965-05-07 1966-05-06
BE680664D BE680664A (it) 1965-05-07 1966-05-06
CH659966A CH468741A (de) 1965-05-07 1966-05-06 Antriebseinrichtung für einen Schrittmotor

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US454157A US3307459A (en) 1965-05-07 1965-05-07 Spacer control for phototypesetting system

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US3307459A true US3307459A (en) 1967-03-07

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US454157A Expired - Lifetime US3307459A (en) 1965-05-07 1965-05-07 Spacer control for phototypesetting system

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US (1) US3307459A (it)
BE (1) BE680664A (it)
CH (1) CH468741A (it)
DE (1) DE1538824A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1145384A (it)
NL (1) NL6606205A (it)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3611901A (en) * 1965-03-17 1971-10-12 Compur Werk Gmbh & Co Control arrangement for photographic apparatus
US3638541A (en) * 1968-11-20 1972-02-01 Harris Intertype Corp Method for recording justified lines of typographic characters
US3696717A (en) * 1969-10-14 1972-10-10 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Apparatus for printing railway tickets and the like
DE2551236A1 (de) * 1974-11-14 1976-05-26 Addressograph Multigraph Lichtsetzmaschine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5348620A (en) * 1976-10-15 1978-05-02 Fujitsu Ltd Printing device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3088388A (en) * 1959-07-18 1963-05-07 Robot Foto G M B H & Co Photographic camera
US3183806A (en) * 1961-06-15 1965-05-18 Harris Intertype Corp Photographic type composition

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3088388A (en) * 1959-07-18 1963-05-07 Robot Foto G M B H & Co Photographic camera
US3183806A (en) * 1961-06-15 1965-05-18 Harris Intertype Corp Photographic type composition

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3611901A (en) * 1965-03-17 1971-10-12 Compur Werk Gmbh & Co Control arrangement for photographic apparatus
US3638541A (en) * 1968-11-20 1972-02-01 Harris Intertype Corp Method for recording justified lines of typographic characters
US3696717A (en) * 1969-10-14 1972-10-10 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Apparatus for printing railway tickets and the like
DE2551236A1 (de) * 1974-11-14 1976-05-26 Addressograph Multigraph Lichtsetzmaschine

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Publication number Publication date
CH468741A (de) 1969-02-15
NL6606205A (it) 1966-11-08
BE680664A (it) 1966-10-17
GB1145384A (en) 1969-03-12
DE1538824A1 (de) 1970-02-05

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