US3305610A - Phosphonodithioates as pesticides - Google Patents

Phosphonodithioates as pesticides Download PDF

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Publication number
US3305610A
US3305610A US292492A US29249263A US3305610A US 3305610 A US3305610 A US 3305610A US 292492 A US292492 A US 292492A US 29249263 A US29249263 A US 29249263A US 3305610 A US3305610 A US 3305610A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
phenyl
alkyl
phosphonodithioates
methyl
pesticidal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US292492A
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English (en)
Inventor
Szabo Karoly
James T Hallett
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Stauffer Chemical Co
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Stauffer Chemical Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB1052991D priority Critical patent/GB1052991A/en
Application filed by Stauffer Chemical Co filed Critical Stauffer Chemical Co
Priority to US292492A priority patent/US3305610A/en
Priority to BE649880D priority patent/BE649880A/xx
Priority to CH850064A priority patent/CH440828A/de
Priority to DEST22337A priority patent/DE1214682B/de
Priority to NL6407466A priority patent/NL6407466A/xx
Priority to FR980339A priority patent/FR1405523A/fr
Priority to ES0301631A priority patent/ES301631A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3305610A publication Critical patent/US3305610A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing aromatic radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4071—Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4084—Esters with hydroxyaryl compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to organophosphorus esters and in particular to O-alkyl-S-phenyl esters of phosphonodithioic acid wherein the phenyl ring carries a chlorine in the para position and a methyl group in the meta position.
  • the invention also pertains to pesticidal compositions containing as the active component thereof at least one of the aforedescri-bed organophosphorus esters.
  • O-alkyl-S- phenyl phosphonodithioates constitute a group of organic phosphorus esters which are exceptionally effective in controlling pest organisms falling within the lower orders of classification.
  • US. Patent 2,988,474 and German Patent 1,138,049 there is disclosed a family of lower O-alkyl-S-phenyl phosphonodithioates in which the phenyl residue is either free of substituents or is provided with a lower alkyl radical.
  • the compounds proposed therein, even in minute amounts, were shown to give excellent control of such typical pests as the housefly, American roach, milkweed bug, confused flour beetle, two-spotted mite, and the like.
  • O-alkyl-S-phenyl phosphonodithioates as above described represent a decided advance in the pesticidal art, it has hitherto been diflicult to realize the full potential of these compounds because of their appreciable mammalian toxicity. As a consequence, a considerable degree of care is required in the handling and application of such toxicants, a factor which has mitigated against their full utilization in large scale agricultural operations.
  • R is a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, sec.-butyl, n-butyl, tert.-butyl, and the like and R is lower alkyl as above for R and in addition can be chlorinated lower alkyl such as monochloromethyl, 2-monochloroethyl, and the like.
  • R is a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, sec.-butyl, n-butyl, tert.-butyl, and the like and R is lower alkyl as above for R and in addition can be chlorinated lower alkyl such as monochloromethyl, 2-monochloroethyl, and the like.
  • Exemplary structures falling within the ambit of the general formula include the following specific structures:
  • the compounds of the invention are structural crosses or hybrids between the alkyl phenyl phosphonodithioates and chlorophenyl phosphonodithioates set forth in the previously referred to US. and German patents. Yet, for reasons which we have not as yet been able to ascertain or account for, such chemical blending of the prior art structures in a single configuration results in greatly diminished mammalian toxicity while at the same time not significantly aifecting the pesticidal activity of the compounds. In this connection, reference is made to the table showing various comparative test results using the toxicants of the invention and typical representatives of the prior art.
  • Compound 1 having a mammalian toxicity of 63 whereas the corresponding chlorophenyl exhibited a toxicity of 5.7, the alkylphenyl, a toxicity of 16, the unsubstituted phenyl, also a toxicity of 16. It can thus be seen that the mammalian toxicity of the compounds of the invention are anywhere from one-fourth to one-tenth those of the hitherto known O-alkyl-S-phenyl alkylphosphonodithioates.
  • the position of the methyl and chlorine substituents is quite critical and must be affixed at the position on the phenyl ring indicated in the formula, i.e., a para chlorine atom flanked on either side by a methyl radical.
  • various isomers such as, for instance, a para chlorine on the phenyl ring while the methyl was affixed one position removed from the chlorine, i.e., meta to the chlorine.
  • the resulting structure was many times less active and was almost devoid of activity in pesticidal quantities. In fact, it exhibited no action against the American roach.
  • the compounds of the present invention are prepared by reacting the requisite 4-chloro-3-methyl-benzenethiol with the required O-alkyl alkylphosphonochloridothioate in basic media.
  • the components are refluxed in a relatively inert, normally liquid organic solvent in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine.
  • Solvents which have proved especially suitable for carrying out the reaction are the normally liquid aromatic hydrocarbons as exemplified by benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, and the like.
  • the products tend to be yellow, viscous oils soluble in the usual organic solvents but insoluble in water.
  • Example 1 .O-etl1yl-S-( 3-111etlzyl-4-clzloroplzenyl) etlzylplzosphonoditlzioate
  • a mixture consisting of 15.9 g. (0.1 M) of 4-chloro- 3-methylbenzenethiol, 17.3 g. (0.1 M) of O-ethyl ethylphosphonochloridothioate dissolved in 80 ml. of benzene was added 10.1 g. (0.1 M) of triethylamine.
  • the amine hydrochloride began to separate.
  • the mixture was refluxed for one hour after which the triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered off and the filtrate washed with 2% sodium hydroxide solution, followed by a water Wash, and drying the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
  • the solution was then subjected to vacuum distillation and after stripping off the solvent and volatile components, the product boiling at 150 C./0.7 min. was collected.
  • the yield of a yellow oil was 25.3 g. and the yield amounted to 87%.
  • the density of the purified product was 1.241 at 28.5 C. and the refractive index 1.5903 at 26 C.
  • Example 2 The results of chemical and instrumental analyscs confirmed the above depicted structur Example 2.-O-metl1yl-S-(3411ell1yl-4-clzl0r0phenyl)- etlzylphosplzonodilhioate Gino
  • the preparation as set forth in Example 1 was repeated but using O-methyl ethylphosphonochlorid-othioate in lieu of the corresponding O-ethyl derivative.
  • the product in this instance was obtained in the form of a yellow oil having an N of 1.6094.
  • Example 3 The yield was Example 3.-0-pr0pyl-S-(3-112eIlzyI-4-chlol'oplzcllyl) e1hylphosphonodithioate
  • the procedure as given in Example 1 was again can ricd out but using O-n-propyl ethylphosphonochloridothioate as the organophosphorus reactant.
  • the product in this instance was obtained in a yield of 88% and was an essentially colorless oil having an N of 1.5738.
  • Example 4 -O-ethyl-S- (2-12161hyl-4-clzlorophcnyl) etlzylphosphonodit/ziozltfl C [-13 CzI-Is S
  • the procedure was followed as given in the previous example but using 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenethiol and O-' ethyl ethylphosphonochloridothioate as the organophos phorus intermediate.
  • the purpose in preparing this compound was to demonstrate the cr'iticality of the posi tion of the methyl and chlorine substituents on the phenyl ring.
  • Example 4 in which the methyl and chlorine were situated meta to each other, was relatively inactive as a pesticide.
  • a pesticide in the form of a liquid or solid, the latter preferably in the form of homogeneous free-flowing dusts formed by admixing the active component with finely divided solids or carriers as exemplified by talc, natural clays, diatomaceous earth, various flours such as walnut shell, wheat, soya bean, cotton seed and so forth.
  • Liquid compositions are also useful and usually comprise a dispersion of the toxicant in a liquid media.
  • a solvent such as kerosene, fuel oil, xylene, alkylated naphthalenes or the like
  • a dispel'sion of the toxicant in an aqueous media may be produced by forming a concentrated solution of the toxicant in a suitable organic solvent followed by dispersion in water, usually with the aid of surface active agents.
  • the latter which may be of the anionic, cationic or nonio-nic types, are exemplified by sodium stearate, potassium oleate and other alkali metal soaps; detergents such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, methyl cellulose, polyoxyethylene, fatty alcohol ethers, polyglycol fatty acid esters and other polyoxyethylene sulface active agents.
  • the proportion of these agents commonly comprises 115% by weight of the pesticidal compositions although the proportion is not critical and may be varied to suit any particular situation.
  • Other adjuncts may be resorted to in compounding biocidal formulations, and in this connection, reference is made to adhesives, spreaders, activators, fertilizers and the like.
  • Candidate materials are dissolved in m1. of a suitable solvent, usually acetone. Aliquots of the toxicant solutions are suspended in water containing 0.0175% v./v. Sponto 221, an emulsifying agent, and sprayed on the caged insects. All compounds are screened initially at 0.1% by spraying with a DeVilbiss hand sprayer at p.s.i. in a fume hood. Final mortality readings are taken after 72 hours.
  • the salt-marsh caterpillar is screened in the following manner: Dock leaves, approximately five inches long, are dipped in aqueous suspensions of the test materials for ten seconds. The leaves are then placed in one-pint food containers with the petioles projecting through small holes in the bottoms into vials containing tap water. Five third instar (910 days old) salt-marsh larvae are introduced and the container closed with a Petri dish lid. Mortality readings are taken at twenty-four land forty-eight hours.
  • the mammalian toxicity was determined using albino rats and the results are reported in milligrams of toxicant per kilogram of body weight required to produce mortality when administered orally.
  • R and R are lower alkyl.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
US292492A 1963-07-02 1963-07-02 Phosphonodithioates as pesticides Expired - Lifetime US3305610A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1052991D GB1052991A (es) 1963-07-02
US292492A US3305610A (en) 1963-07-02 1963-07-02 Phosphonodithioates as pesticides
CH850064A CH440828A (de) 1963-07-02 1964-06-29 Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
BE649880D BE649880A (es) 1963-07-02 1964-06-29
DEST22337A DE1214682B (de) 1963-07-02 1964-07-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dithiophosphonsaeureestern
NL6407466A NL6407466A (es) 1963-07-02 1964-07-01
FR980339A FR1405523A (fr) 1963-07-02 1964-07-01 Parasiticides à base de phosphonodithioates
ES0301631A ES301631A1 (es) 1963-07-02 1964-07-02 Procedimiento de preparacion de compuestos dotados de propiedades pesticidas e insecticidas.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US292492A US3305610A (en) 1963-07-02 1963-07-02 Phosphonodithioates as pesticides

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US3305610A true US3305610A (en) 1967-02-21

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US292492A Expired - Lifetime US3305610A (en) 1963-07-02 1963-07-02 Phosphonodithioates as pesticides

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3305610A (es)
BE (1) BE649880A (es)
CH (1) CH440828A (es)
DE (1) DE1214682B (es)
ES (1) ES301631A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1052991A (es)
NL (1) NL6407466A (es)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2910402A (en) * 1958-02-21 1959-10-27 Du Pont Compositions and methods for destroying insects
US2988474A (en) * 1960-07-28 1961-06-13 Stauffer Chemical Co Novel insecticides, acaricides and nematocides
US3075875A (en) * 1959-09-24 1963-01-29 Geigy Ag J R Method for controlling plantparasitic nematodes
AT226253B (de) * 1960-02-13 1963-03-11 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von neuen Thionothiolphosphonsäureestern
US3095351A (en) * 1959-08-31 1963-06-25 Monsanto Chemicals Stabilization of insecticides
US3102901A (en) * 1962-07-24 1963-09-03 Standard Oil Co Preparation of esters of carboxy-substituted diarylhydroxymethanephosphonic acid
US3102900A (en) * 1962-07-11 1963-09-03 Standard Oil Co Alkyl phosphonate esters and process for preparing same
US3112271A (en) * 1959-04-13 1963-11-26 Shell Oil Co Liquid hydrocarbon composition
US3149143A (en) * 1959-12-24 1964-09-15 Monsanto Co O-ethyl s-(4-chlorophenyl) methylphosphonodithioate

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL261138A (es) * 1960-02-13
DE1143200B (de) * 1960-07-21 1963-02-07 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Thionophosphonsaeureestern

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2910402A (en) * 1958-02-21 1959-10-27 Du Pont Compositions and methods for destroying insects
US3112271A (en) * 1959-04-13 1963-11-26 Shell Oil Co Liquid hydrocarbon composition
US3095351A (en) * 1959-08-31 1963-06-25 Monsanto Chemicals Stabilization of insecticides
US3075875A (en) * 1959-09-24 1963-01-29 Geigy Ag J R Method for controlling plantparasitic nematodes
US3149143A (en) * 1959-12-24 1964-09-15 Monsanto Co O-ethyl s-(4-chlorophenyl) methylphosphonodithioate
AT226253B (de) * 1960-02-13 1963-03-11 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von neuen Thionothiolphosphonsäureestern
US2988474A (en) * 1960-07-28 1961-06-13 Stauffer Chemical Co Novel insecticides, acaricides and nematocides
US3102900A (en) * 1962-07-11 1963-09-03 Standard Oil Co Alkyl phosphonate esters and process for preparing same
US3102901A (en) * 1962-07-24 1963-09-03 Standard Oil Co Preparation of esters of carboxy-substituted diarylhydroxymethanephosphonic acid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1052991A (es)
DE1214682B (de) 1966-04-21
BE649880A (es) 1964-12-29
ES301631A1 (es) 1965-05-16
CH440828A (de) 1967-07-31
NL6407466A (es) 1965-01-04

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