US3300200A - Self-sizing thermochemical scarfing - Google Patents

Self-sizing thermochemical scarfing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3300200A
US3300200A US456886A US45688665A US3300200A US 3300200 A US3300200 A US 3300200A US 456886 A US456886 A US 456886A US 45688665 A US45688665 A US 45688665A US 3300200 A US3300200 A US 3300200A
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Prior art keywords
scarfing
units
workpiece
unit
until
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Expired - Lifetime
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US456886A
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Allan Stewart
William C Weidner
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Priority to NL290285D priority Critical patent/NL290285A/xx
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Priority to US456886A priority patent/US3300200A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K7/00—Cutting, scarfing, or desurfacing by applying flames
    • B23K7/06—Machines, apparatus, or equipment specially designed for scarfing or desurfacing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/026—High pressure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the thermochemical scarfing of ferrous metal bodies, and more particularly to an apparatus which is automatically self-adjusting to scarf the four sides of any size rectangular workpiece presented for conditioning. As long as the overall size of the workpiece is smaller than the maximum size which the machine is designed to process, the actual cross-sectional dimensions thereof need not be known by the operator of the machine.
  • the steel mill does not roll merely one size of billet or bloom, and often many different sizes are rolled in the same blooming mill; it is common practice to change sizes between alternate blooms in some mills. It is therefore desired to provide a conditioning machine which can be automatically self-adjusting to accept successively different sizes of blooms or billets, particularly different sizes of square and other rectangular cross-sectional shapes.
  • the main object of this invention is to provide an improved machine for thermochemically scarfing the four longitudinal surfaces of any of a succession of different sized rectangular metal bodies, which machine has scarfing heads that adjust themselves automatically so that the size and shape of the opening provided by the heads, and the effective widths of the gas passages, corresponds to the size and shape of the workpiece to be processed.
  • the invention roposes a method of sizing which is not only rapidly accomplished but does not require the operator to keep informed of the dimensions of each incoming workpiece to be scarfed.
  • a scarfing machine for thermochemically conditioning the longitudinal surfaces of successive rectangular metal workpieces having different cross-sectional dimensions when such workpieces are longitudinally propelled through the apparatus, said apparatus being entirely self-sizing to automatically adjust itself to suit any size rectangular section to be processed, said apparatus having top, first side, bottom and second side scarfing units, each unit being adapted for scarfing a corresponding surface of the metal workpiece.
  • Each scarfing unit has a gas selector valve assembly associated with it for opening and closing off gas ports along the respective working surface thereof so that the operating width of each unit can be adjusted to correspond to the size of the workpiece.
  • Means are provided for lowering the top and first side scarfing units simultaneously until the top unit contacts the top surface of the workpiece.
  • Means are also provided for concurrently raising the bottom and second side scarfing units simultaneously, until the bottom unit contacts the bottom surface of the workpiece.
  • Means responsive to such vertical movement are provided for adjusting the gas selector valves associated with the first side and second side scarfing units so that their operating width correspond to the thickness of the workpiece.
  • Means are provided for laterally moving the first side and top scarfing units simultaneously, until the first side unit contacts the side of the workpiece.
  • Means operating concurrently therewith are provided for laterally moving the second side and bottom units simultaneously, until the second side units contacts the opposite side of the workpiece.
  • the gas selector valves associated with the top and bottom units are adjusted by means responsive to such laterally movement so that their operating width corresponds to the width of the workpiece.
  • a basic difference between the present apparatus and apparatus of the prior art is that according to our invention the operator does not pre-adjust the machine ahead of time and thereafter insert the workpiece into the mouth of the machine. Instead, the apparatus is so constructed that the workpiece is fed into the mouth of the machine while all of the scarfing units are in a completely retracted position. Then, upon the closing of a master switch, the scarfing units move toward the workpiece until they become completely closed around it. At this point the scarfing cycle is automatically initiated through an appropriate system of timers. All four scarfing units are automatically adjusted by the energizing of one master 3 switch, and the operator of the machine need neither know the size of the workpiece, nor be in the vicinity of the scarfing machine during any part of the scarfing cycle.
  • FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view of a self-sizing scarfing apparatus including a control system therefor, the apparatus being shown at a point in the overall cycle wherein the top and left side and bottom and right side scarfing units have already moved vertically until the top and bottom units have contacted the workpiece;
  • FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view similar to FIG- URE 1, in which the control system is not reproduced, but showing the relative position of the apparatus after all of the scarfing units have sized themselves about the workpiece, and
  • FIGURE 3 is an isometric elevational view of part of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1, this view illustrating only the bottom and right side scarfing units, shown in completely retracted position.
  • the self-sizing scarfing machine consists essentially of a main frame to which are mounted vertical acting air cylinders 11 and 12 respectively. These cylinders serve to raise and lower the left hand mounting plate assembly 13 and the right hand mounting plate assembly 14 respectively which ride in vertical roller ways (not shown) in frame 11).
  • the left hand mounting plate assembly 13 includes air cylinders 15 and 16, upper horizontal slide assembly 17, edge horizontal slide 18, and carrier plate assemblies 19 and 20 respectively.
  • Mounted on the carrier plate assemblies 19 and 20 are scarfing units 21 and 22 respectively.
  • the scarfing units may be of the type disclosed in Patent No. 2,838,431.
  • Carrier plate assemblies 19 and 24B are connected to horizontal slides 17 and 18 respectively which ride in horizontal roller ways (not shown) in the left hand mounting plate assembly 13.
  • the horizontal slides 17 and 18 are connected to, and thus motivated by, the air cylinders 15 and 16 respectively.
  • the scarfing units 21 and 22 are horizontally movable by air cylinders 15 and 16 respectively.
  • the right hand mounting plate 14 is similarly assembled with air cylinders 24 and 23 horizontally motivating the lower slide assembly 25 and edge slide assembly 26 respectively, which horizontally moves scarfing units 27 and 28 mounted upon carrier plates 90 and 91 which in turn are respectively connected thereto.
  • the scarfing cycle begins with the scarfing units in completely retracted position.
  • the bloom or billet to be scarfed is rolled up to the machine so that its end enters the mouth of the machine, and is then stopped in that position between the four scarfing units.
  • the workpiece remains stationary in this position until the scarfing cycle has begun. All phases of the scarfing cycle are initiated by the closing of a master switch 81.
  • air cylinders 11 and 12 respectively cause the upper scarfing unit 21 and the lower scarfing unit 27 to move vertically until they contact the upper and lower surfaces respectively of the metal workpiece.
  • sizing arms 35 and 36 move vertically therewith into engagement with stops 30 and 37 respectively, which in turn move piston rods and 38 so that their respective pistons 41 and 39 are positioned such that the gas ports within scarfing units 28 and 22 will correspond to the thickness of the workpiece to be scarfed.
  • the pistons 41 and 39 moving within manifolds connected to each scarfing unit form a gas selector valve assembly, which may be of the type shown in US. Patent No. 3,016,947, issued to S. Allan.
  • the air cylinders 16 and 23 cause scarfing units 22 and 28 respectively to close upon the edges of the workpiece.
  • the pusher plates 42 and 43 which are welded to carrier plates 91 and 20 respectively come into contact with and horizontally shift the carrier plates 19 and 90.
  • Scarfing units 21 and 27 mounted respectively on the carrier plates 19 and 90 are moved therewith horizontally so that their working surfaces correspond to the width of the workpiece.
  • sizing arms 44 and 45 moving horizontally with carrier plates 91 and 20 to which they are respectively attached, engage stops 92 and 93, respectively and move the piston rods 46 and 47 so that their respective selector valve pistons 48 and 49 are positioned wherein the gas porting in the scarfing units 27 and 21 corresponds to the width of the workpiece.
  • the gases necessary for scarfing such as fuel gas and oxygen, are immediately turned on by the timer operated automatic control system, and scarfing of the metal body, now moving through the machine, takes place. Opening of the master switch shuts off the gases used for scarfing and moves all the scarfing units to their fully retracted position.
  • the control system forms a particularly valuable part of the present invention, which enables the machine to size itself rapidly for scarfing any size rectangular metal body presented thereto.
  • During sizing the left hand mounting plate assembly 13 and consequently scarfing unit 21 moving therewith is lowered until said scarfing unit contacts the surface of the metal body, by reducing the pressure applied through port 29 of air cylinder 11.
  • the right hand mounting plate assembly and therefore scarfing unit 27 moving therewith is raised until said scarfing unit contacts the lower surface of the metal body by applying air pressure through port 87 to air cylinder 12.
  • the control system serves to increase the pressure through port 29 to air cylinder 11 while causing a decrease in the pressure applied through port 87 to air cylinder 12 as soon as scarfing units 21 and 27 contact the upper and lower surfaces respectively of the metal body. In this way, there is a reduced riding force of scarfing units 21 and 27 acting upon the upper and lower surfaces respectively of the metal body. Scarfing units 21 and 27 are now substantially more free to be shifted horizontally as the edge scarfing units 22 and 28 approach the edge surfaces of the metal body.
  • the left hand vertical control subsystem closes and retracts the air cylinder 11. It consists of a pilot operated 3-way valve 53 operatively connected to port 29 of air cylinder 11, a pressure reducing regulator 54 connected to the inlet of 3-way valve 53, and a diaphragm type pilot operated relief valve 55 connected in parallel between regulator 54 and 3-way valve 53, the pilot operated relief valve 55 being operatively connected to a regulator 56 supplying a loading pressure to the pilot side of relief valve 55 and a second regulator 57, supplying a higher pressure than said loading pressure, connected to a normally closed pilot operated valve 58, the outlet of which is also connected to the pilot side of pressure relief valve 55.
  • the right hand vertical control subsystem cl-oses and retracts the air cylinder 12.
  • This subsystem is identical to the left hand vertical subsystem above described except that the pilot loading pressure to relief valve 64 is applied through a normally open pilot operated valve 59.
  • the 3-way valve 60 has one port open to discharge to the atmosphere while the other outlet is connected to port 87 of air cylinder 12.
  • the system also includes regulators 61, 62 and 63.
  • the edge horizontal control subsystem closes and retracts air cylinders 16 and 23.
  • This subsystem comprises a pressure reducing regulator 65 connected from the primary air supply line 51 to a pilot operated 4-way valve 66.
  • the 4-way valve has one outlet which is always open to the atmosphere. One of the remaining outlets is connected via lines 69 to ports 31 and 34 of air cylinder 16 and 23 respectively.
  • the other outlet from the 4-way valve 66 is connected via lines 70 to ports 67 and 68 of air cylinders 16 and 23 respectively.
  • the 4-way valve is actuated by solenoid valve 52 which is normally closed when the scarfing units are in retracted position and therefore the outlet of said valve connected to lines 70 will be closed off while the outlet to lines 69 will be open.
  • the top and bottom horizontal control subsystem only closes and retracts air cylinders and 24.
  • This subsystem comprises a pressure reducing regulator 71 connected from the primary air supply line 51 to a 4-way valve which has one outlet always open to the atmosphere. One of the remaining outlets is connected via lines 76 to ports 32 and 33 of cylinders 24 and 15 respectively. The other outlet from said 4-way valve 74 is connected via lines 75 to ports 78 and 77 of air cylinders 24 and 15 respectively.
  • Said 4-way valve is actuated by solenoid valve 79 which is normally closed when the scarfing units are in retracted position, and therefore the outlet of said valve connected to lines 75 will be closed off while the outlet to lines 76 will be open.
  • the solenoid valve 50 having been energized by the closing of the scarf switch 81, also causes pressure to be applied from main line 51 to valve 60, thereby closing off its lower port, such that pressure delivered by regulator 61 is allowed to pass through valve 60 to port 87 of air cylinder 12.
  • Relief valve 64 has been set by means of a loading pilot regulator 62 to relieve at a pressure equal to that delivered by regulator 61. At this point in the cyle, scarfing units 21 and 27 are moving into contact with the upper and lower surfaces respectively of the metal body.
  • Closing of the scarf switch 81 also starts timer which is set to energize solenoid valves 52 and 79 at a predetermined interval after the solenoid valve 50 has been energized.
  • solenoid valve 52 When solenoid valve 52 then becomes energized, pressure is applied from line 51 to valve 66 which changes its porting suchthat pressure is no longer delivered to lines 69but instead is delivered to lines 70.
  • This reversal of porting in valve 66 causes the piston in each of air cylinders 16and 23 to move scarfing units 22 and 28 respectively to contact the metal body.
  • valve 74 Upon solenoid valve 79 being energized by timer 80, pressure is applied from line 51 to valve 74 which changes its porting such that pressure is no longer delivered to lines 76 but instead is delivered to lines 75.
  • This reversal of porting in valve 74 allows the piston in each of air cylinders 15 and 24 and scarfing units 21 and 27 mounted on carrier plates 90 and 91 which are connected thereto, to be more easily shifted horizontally by pusher plates 43 and 42 respectively sothat the working surfaces of such scarfing units correspond tothe width of the metal body to be scarfed.
  • solenoid valve 79 pressure delivered through solenoid valve 79 is also applied to valve 59, thus closing this normally open valve, and preventing pressure delivered from regulator 62, which is greater than that delivered by regulator 63, from loading the pancake relief valve 64, with the result that more air is bled off by such relief valve.
  • This causes a decrease in pressure to port 87 of air cylinder 12, thereby reducing the riding force of scarfing unit 27 upon the lower surface of the metal body. This will similarly permit scarfing unit 27 to be shifted across the lower surface of the metal body with a minimum of friction.
  • Another timer (not shown) is preset to turn on the process gases to all scarfing units at a time immediately after all sizing has taken place.
  • an electrical disconnecting means such as, for example, a pressure switch in the process gas lines (not shown) deenergizes solenoid valve 79; pressure is no longer applied to valves 59, 58 and 74 and thus the pressure conditions are established for normal scarfing operation.
  • Opening of the scarf switch shuts off the scarfing gases and returns the units to the fully retracted position.
  • top scarfing unit and the right side scarfing unit could have been mounted upon the upper carrier plate, while the bottom and left side scarfing units were mounted upon the lower carrier plate, by obvious modification to the control system disclosed and by appropriate mechanical changes.
  • the scarfing units and gas selector valve assemblies moving therewith are motivated by pneumatic control means, a mechanical gearing system interconnecting such parts for synchronizing their movement with one another could be substituted therefor.
  • thermochemical scarfing apparatus for scarfing successive rectagnular metal workpieces having different cross-sectional dimensions, .211- though such dimensions are not known to the scarfing machine operator, said apparatus having top, first side, bottom and second side scarfing units, each of said units being adapted for scarfing a corresponding surface of a metal workpiece; a gas selector valve assembly associated with each of said scarfing units for opening and closing off gas ports along the respective working surface thereof; means for lowering the top and first side scarfing units simultaneously, until the top scarfing unit contacts the top surface of the workpiece; means operating concurrently therewith for raising the bottom and second side scarfing units simultaneously, until the bottom scarfing unit contacts the bottom surface of the workpiece; means responsive to such vertical movement for adjusting the pieces having differentcross-sectional dimensions, algas selector valves associated with said first side and second side scarfing units so that their operating width corresponds to the thickness of the workpiece; means for laterally moving said first side scarfing unit and said top scarfing unit until the first side scarfing unit contacts
  • thermochemical scarfing apparatus for scarfing successive rectangular metal workpieces having different cross-sectional dimensions, although such dimensions are not known to the scarfing machine operator, said apparatus having top, left side, bottom and right side scarfing units, each of said units being adapted for scarfing a corresponding surface of a metal workpiece; a gas selector valve assembly associated with each of said scarfing units for opening and closing off gas ports along the respective working surface thereof; means for lowering the top and left side scarfing units simultaneously, until the top scarfing unit contacts the top surface of the workpiece; means operating concurrently therewith for raising the bottom and right side scarfing units simultaneously, until the bottom scarfing unit contacts the bottom surface of the workpiece; means responsive to such vertical movement for adjusting the gas selector valves associated with said left side and right side scarfing units so that their operating width corresponds to the thickness of the workpiece; means for laterally moving said left side scarfing unit and said top scarfing unit until the left side scarfing unit contacts a side of the workpiece; means operating concurrently therewith for laterally moving
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including control means for returning all of said scarfing units to their origial completely retracted position upon completing the scarfing of each successive workpiece, said control means being energizable by a single master switch.
  • thermochemical scarfing machine for scarfing successive rectangular metal workpieces having different cross-sectional dimensions, although such dimensions are not known to the operator of such machine, said machine comprising a main frame; upper and lower complementary carrier plates carried by said frame and movable vertically therein; a top scarfing unit and a first side scarfing unit carried by said upper carrier plate and slidably mounted thereon for lateral movement with respect thereto, each of said scarfing units having a gas selector valve assembly associated therewith for opening and closin off gas ports along the respective working surface thereof to adjust the width of each gas stream issuing therefrom to correspond to the surface'to be scarfed thereby; a bottom scarfing unit and a second side scarfing unit carried by said lower carrier plate and slidably mounted thereon for lateral movement with respect thereto, said bottom unit and said second side unit each having a gas selector valve assembly associated therewith for opening and closing off gas ports along the respective working surface thereof to adjust the width of each gas stream issuing therefrom to correspond to the surface to be
  • thermochemical scarfing machine for scarfing successive rectangular metal workpieces having different cross-sectional dimensions, although such dimensions are not known to the operator of such machine, said machine comprising a main frame; upper and lower complementary carrier plates carried by said frame and movable vertically therein by vertical pneumatic cylinders secured to said frame; a top scarfing unit and a first side scarfing unit carried by said upper carrier plate and slidably mounted thereon for lateral movement with respect thereto, each of said scarfing units having a gas selector valve assembly associated therewith for opening and closing oif gas ports along the respective working surface thereof to adjust the width of each gas stream issuing therefrom to correspond to the surface to be scarfed thereby; a bottom scarfing unit and a second side scarfing unit carried by said lower carrier plate and slidably mounted thereon for lateral movement with respect thereto, said bottom unit and said second side unit each having a gas selector valve assembly associated therewith for opening and closing off gas ports along the respective working surface thereof to adjust the width of each gas stream issuing
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 including timer means connected by circuitry with solenoid valve control means for applying air pressure in sequence, first to said vertical pneumatic cylinders for moving said top and bottom scarfing units into contact with the surfaces of the workpiece, and thereafter to said horizontal pneumatic cylinders for moving said side scarfing units into contact with the workpiece, and a master scarf switch connected by circuitry to said timer for actuating same.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 6 including pressure regulating valves in circuitry with said timer and solenoid valve control means for controlling the pressure to said vertical pneumatic cylinders so as to reduce the frictional forces to be overcome by said horizontal pneumatic cylinders in shifting said top and bottom scarfing units laterally as said side scarfing units are moved thereby into contact with the workpiece.

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US456886A 1965-05-03 1965-05-03 Self-sizing thermochemical scarfing Expired - Lifetime US3300200A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457593A (en) * 1967-04-12 1969-07-29 James Basset Apparatus for producing very high pressures
US3462135A (en) * 1967-08-30 1969-08-19 Union Carbide Corp Self-sizing thermochemical scarfing apparatus with scarfing unit locking means
JPS4851817U (OSRAM) * 1971-10-21 1973-07-05
US3947541A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-03-30 National Research Development Corporation Subjecting materials to high pressure

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2276329A (en) * 1940-08-10 1942-03-17 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning metal bodies
US2290271A (en) * 1940-07-27 1942-07-21 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning the surfaces of metal bodies
US2308646A (en) * 1941-07-08 1943-01-19 Linde Air Prod Co Automatic desurfacing machine
US2323977A (en) * 1941-10-08 1943-07-13 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning metal bodies
US2392806A (en) * 1941-10-08 1946-01-15 Linde Air Prod Co Mechanism for controlling the flow of fluid or gas
US2429326A (en) * 1943-03-04 1947-10-21 Linde Air Prod Co Machine for surface conditioning metal bodies
US2447081A (en) * 1943-11-13 1948-08-17 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning metal bodies
US2448657A (en) * 1945-08-28 1948-09-07 Linde Air Prod Co Fully automatic desurfacing control system
US2479624A (en) * 1945-10-06 1949-08-23 Linde Air Prod Co Fully automatic desurfacing control system
US2513425A (en) * 1945-01-24 1950-07-04 Linde Air Prod Co Automatic arc-started thermochemical metal removal apparatus
US2515301A (en) * 1945-08-10 1950-07-18 Air Reduction Gas torch
US2568938A (en) * 1948-08-03 1951-09-25 Air Reduction Scarfing apparatus
US3061297A (en) * 1959-06-18 1962-10-30 Sharon Steel Corp Scarfing nozzle cover

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2290271A (en) * 1940-07-27 1942-07-21 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning the surfaces of metal bodies
US2276329A (en) * 1940-08-10 1942-03-17 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning metal bodies
US2308646A (en) * 1941-07-08 1943-01-19 Linde Air Prod Co Automatic desurfacing machine
US2323977A (en) * 1941-10-08 1943-07-13 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning metal bodies
US2392806A (en) * 1941-10-08 1946-01-15 Linde Air Prod Co Mechanism for controlling the flow of fluid or gas
US2429326A (en) * 1943-03-04 1947-10-21 Linde Air Prod Co Machine for surface conditioning metal bodies
US2447081A (en) * 1943-11-13 1948-08-17 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for conditioning metal bodies
US2513425A (en) * 1945-01-24 1950-07-04 Linde Air Prod Co Automatic arc-started thermochemical metal removal apparatus
US2515301A (en) * 1945-08-10 1950-07-18 Air Reduction Gas torch
US2448657A (en) * 1945-08-28 1948-09-07 Linde Air Prod Co Fully automatic desurfacing control system
US2479624A (en) * 1945-10-06 1949-08-23 Linde Air Prod Co Fully automatic desurfacing control system
US2568938A (en) * 1948-08-03 1951-09-25 Air Reduction Scarfing apparatus
US3061297A (en) * 1959-06-18 1962-10-30 Sharon Steel Corp Scarfing nozzle cover

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457593A (en) * 1967-04-12 1969-07-29 James Basset Apparatus for producing very high pressures
US3462135A (en) * 1967-08-30 1969-08-19 Union Carbide Corp Self-sizing thermochemical scarfing apparatus with scarfing unit locking means
JPS4851817U (OSRAM) * 1971-10-21 1973-07-05
US3947541A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-03-30 National Research Development Corporation Subjecting materials to high pressure

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