US3295952A - Method of making ore briquettes - Google Patents

Method of making ore briquettes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3295952A
US3295952A US398346A US39834664A US3295952A US 3295952 A US3295952 A US 3295952A US 398346 A US398346 A US 398346A US 39834664 A US39834664 A US 39834664A US 3295952 A US3295952 A US 3295952A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
hematite
briquettes
fines
temperature
percent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US398346A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roger T Johnson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Steel Corp
Original Assignee
United States Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE669809D priority Critical patent/BE669809A/xx
Application filed by United States Steel Corp filed Critical United States Steel Corp
Priority to US398346A priority patent/US3295952A/en
Priority to DE19651533879 priority patent/DE1533879A1/de
Priority to GB40215/65A priority patent/GB1114456A/en
Priority to SE12313/65A priority patent/SE304765B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3295952A publication Critical patent/US3295952A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0086—Conditioning, transformation of reduced iron ores
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

  • An object of my invention is to provide an improved method of briquetting specular hematite fines with a bituminous coal binder and largely overcoming the swelling problem.
  • a more specific object is to provide a method of briquetting specular hematite fines by a procedure similar to the Brisse and Rohaus method, but in which I heat the fines under reducing conditions and partially reduce the hematite before mixing them with coal fines, and in which I prevent reoxidation of the hematite.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic representation of apparatus suitable for performing my briquetting method.
  • FIGURE 2 is a graph illustrating the beneficial effects my invention achieves.
  • I continuously feed minus 4 inch specular hematite fines and preferably a flux to a reducing chamber 10, as with a screw conveyor 12.
  • I illustrate chamber as of the fluidized-bed type, although I could use other types, for example a rotary kiln.
  • Hot reducing gas for example hydrogen, carbon monoxide or mixtures thereof
  • I heat the hematite to a temperature usually of about 850 to 1050 F. and reduce it by about 15 to 30 percent, or preferably about 18 to 23 percent.
  • This terminology means that I remove from the iron oxide present in the hematite 15 to 30 percent or 18 to 23 percent of the oxygen originally contained therein.
  • the partially reduced hematite particles, flux particles, and coal particles remain in the mixer long enough to form a uniformly dispersed mixture.
  • the proportions are such that the mixture contains about 5 to 15 percent coal and preferably sufiicient flux that it is self-fluxing.
  • the mixture has an apparent temperature of about 600 to 800 F. When the coal particles are at an ambient temperature of about 70 F. and the hematite and flux particles are heated to about 850 to 1050 F., the mixture reaches the proper temperature. When the coal particles are at a different temperature, I can make compensating adjustments in the temperature to which I heat the other particles.
  • the mixture goes directly and continuously from the mixer 16 out of contact with air to a briquetting press 18, illustrated as of the roll-type.
  • the press compacts the particles into briquettes under a load of about 30,000 to 65,000 pounds per linear inch of effective roll width and thus forms them into pillow-shaped briquettes.
  • the coal itself serves as a binder.
  • I transfer the briquettes to a cooling shaft 19 where they cool to a maximum temperature of about 200 F.
  • I show an oscillating conveyor 20, which receives briquettes from the press, and a bucket elevator 21, which lifts the briquettes from the discharge end of the conveyor to an inlet at the top of the shaft. Cooled briquettes discharge from the bottom of the shaft to a conveyor 22.
  • the shaft inlet and outlet contain rotary valves 23 and 24 respectively to prevent escape of gases.
  • I prevent the partially reduced hematite from reoxidizing.
  • a cool inert or reducing gas to the lower portion through an inlet 25, and discharge this gas along with entrained fines through an outlet 26 in the upper portion.
  • the cooling gas is a reducing gas
  • I can use olfgas from the cooler as reductant in chamber 10. In this way I return the entrained fines and also take advantage of the heat the gas receives in cooling thebriquettes, although it is necessary to raise the temperature of the gas to about 900 to 1100 F. before introducing it to the chamber.
  • Conveyor 20 and bucket elevator 21 are suitably enclosed to prevent oxidation of the briquettes as they are transported from the press to the cooling shaft.
  • I made a series of briquettes which contain 73.2 percent minus 6-mesh specular hematite concentrate, about 20 percent minus IOO-mesh bituminous coal, and 6.8 percent minus IOO-mesh limestone.
  • Prior to briquetting I reduced various samples of the concentrate within the range of 0 to 23 percent, using hydrogen as the reductant.
  • FIGURE 2 shows graphically the results of these tests. Briquettes in which the hematite was unreduced increased in volume about 23 percent.
  • a method of briquetting specular hematite fines comprising heating the fines under reducing conditions to raise their temperature to the range of about 850 to 1050 F. and eifect about 15 to 30 percent partial reduction of the hematite, mixing low-temperature bituminous coal fines with the heated and partially reduced hematite fines to produce a uniformly dispersed mixture containing about 5 to 15 percent coal and having an apparent temperature in the range of about 600 to 800 F., compacting the mixture into briquettes directl following the mixing step and while it remains at a temperature in the latter range, the coal itself serving as a binder, and cooling the briquettes but preventing reoxidation of the hematite.
  • the fiuidizing gas is selected from the group which consists of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof heated to temperatures to 900 to 1000 F.
  • suificient fluxing material is included With the hematite fines to produce self-fluxing briquettes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
US398346A 1964-09-22 1964-09-22 Method of making ore briquettes Expired - Lifetime US3295952A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE669809D BE669809A (cs) 1964-09-22
US398346A US3295952A (en) 1964-09-22 1964-09-22 Method of making ore briquettes
DE19651533879 DE1533879A1 (de) 1964-09-22 1965-09-21 Verfahren zum Brikettieren von Specularit-Haematitteilchen
GB40215/65A GB1114456A (en) 1964-09-22 1965-09-21 Method of making ore briquettes
SE12313/65A SE304765B (cs) 1964-09-22 1965-09-22

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US398346A US3295952A (en) 1964-09-22 1964-09-22 Method of making ore briquettes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3295952A true US3295952A (en) 1967-01-03

Family

ID=23575022

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US398346A Expired - Lifetime US3295952A (en) 1964-09-22 1964-09-22 Method of making ore briquettes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3295952A (cs)
BE (1) BE669809A (cs)
DE (1) DE1533879A1 (cs)
GB (1) GB1114456A (cs)
SE (1) SE304765B (cs)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3753681A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-08-21 Continental Ore Corp Beneficiation of vanadium-containing materials
US3864122A (en) * 1971-05-29 1975-02-04 Krupp Gmbh Method for producing steel
US3932169A (en) * 1973-06-28 1976-01-13 United States Steel Corporation Method of making briquettes with machine having an inert gas seal
US4081228A (en) * 1977-04-21 1978-03-28 Moore James E Apparatus for hot briquetting
US4249906A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-02-10 Howell Phillip C Method and apparatus for handling flux fines

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3753681A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-08-21 Continental Ore Corp Beneficiation of vanadium-containing materials
US3864122A (en) * 1971-05-29 1975-02-04 Krupp Gmbh Method for producing steel
US3932169A (en) * 1973-06-28 1976-01-13 United States Steel Corporation Method of making briquettes with machine having an inert gas seal
US4081228A (en) * 1977-04-21 1978-03-28 Moore James E Apparatus for hot briquetting
US4249906A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-02-10 Howell Phillip C Method and apparatus for handling flux fines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1533879A1 (de) 1970-02-05
SE304765B (cs) 1968-10-07
GB1114456A (en) 1968-05-22
BE669809A (cs) 1900-01-01

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