US3288990A - Panel - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3288990A
US3288990A US399237A US39923764A US3288990A US 3288990 A US3288990 A US 3288990A US 399237 A US399237 A US 399237A US 39923764 A US39923764 A US 39923764A US 3288990 A US3288990 A US 3288990A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
film
panel
light
prismatic
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US399237A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leo G Stahlhut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
K S H PLASTICS Inc
Original Assignee
K S H PLASTICS Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by K S H PLASTICS Inc filed Critical K S H PLASTICS Inc
Priority to US399237A priority Critical patent/US3288990A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3288990A publication Critical patent/US3288990A/en
Priority to BE719203D priority patent/BE719203A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C09K11/025—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor non-luminescent particle coatings or suspension media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to prismatic lighting panels of the type generally used in fluorescent light fixtures.
  • Prismatic panels accept light and bend it downwardly, by virtue of their refraction of the light, out of what is known as the direct glare zone.
  • the direct glare zone encompasses the angular area from the horizontal to about S-45 below lthe horizontal from a panel mounted above eye level.
  • the refracting of the light out of the direct glare zone not only ensures that persons walking or sitting are not likely to look directly into the glare of light from a fixture, but also concentrates the light downwardly where it is most needed.
  • Prismatic panels can be excessively bright directly beneath them, causing a reflected glare problem, and lamp images are very apparent from below.
  • the use of fewer lamps will provide lower brightness beneath the panel but the lamp images are still as bright, and Ithe use of fewer lamps per panel entails the use of more fixtures and panels to provide a given intensity of light.
  • White opalescent or translucent panels can also be used to reduce the brightness. Such panels substantially eliminate the reflected glare problem but restore the problem of the direct glare zone because the translucence or opalescence of the panels destroys their effectiveness as prismatic panels. That is to say, the diffusion of the light extends to the very surface of the panel along the prisms, so that the light is no longer directed downwardly by the prismatic configuration of the surface.
  • One -of the objects of this invention is to provide a lighting panel with low brightness, indistinct lamp images, and excellent light control out of the direct glare zone, as compared with lighting panels now in use.
  • a lighting panel which is made up of a transparent prismatic plate, with light-controlling prisms on the light-emergent side and a planar surface on the lightreceiving side, and, on the planar side, a light diffusing film spaced slightly from the planar surface of the plate through a major portion of its area and preferably bonded in patterned lareas to that surface.
  • the film can be pigmented, coated with a pigmented layer of material which may ⁇ but need not necessarily be a bonding agent, printed, frosted or colored.
  • the diffusing film is bonded to the prismatic plate in a regular grid of narrow lines which not only bonds the film over the entire reach of the plate but provides an attractive pattern, since the brightness along the bond lines is greater than in the areas bounded by those lines.
  • the absolute area of the bond lines is so small relative to the total area, as not appreciably to decrease the effectiveness of the panel.
  • the resultant lighting panel directs the light out of the zone of direct glare, reduces the -brightness directly beneath the panel and obscures the lamp images, thus pro- 3,288,990' Patented Nov. 29, 1966 viding the advantages of the various different types of lighting panels known heretofore, while largely eliminating their several disadvantages.
  • FIGURE l is a somewhat schematic view of a lighting fixture containing one 'embodiment of panel of this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a bottom plan view of a fixture containing the panel shown in FIGURE 1 and a conventional prismatic panel;
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 3 3 of FIGURE 2;
  • reference numeral 1 indicates a completed panel of this invention, which, in FIGURE 1, is shown as mounted in a troffer 2 in a ceiling 3. Within the troffer 2, and between a reflecting surface of the troffer and the upper side of the lpanel 1, are fluorescent lighting tubes 4. FIGURE 1 merely illustrates the control of the light by the panel 1, which directs the light downwardly out of the direct glare zone.
  • a panel 1 is represented as occupying half the length of a louver, with a conventional prismatic transparent panel 101 occupying the other half.
  • Lamp images 102 are shown in much the way in which they normally appear through the conventional fixture when viewed directly i.e. in plan, and as they appear through the panel 1, where they are dintinguishaible only by an area of slightly decreased brightness midway between the fluorescent tubes.
  • the panel 1 is shown 4as 'being made up -of a polystyrene transparent plate 10, with a planar surface 11 and a prismatic surface 12.
  • a diffusing film overlies the planer face 11 and is bonded to it at regular, spaced intervals :along narrow bond lines 22.
  • the bond lines 22 form 4a grid 23, as shown particularly in FIGURE 2.
  • the film 20 is bonded by means of a clear adhesive 24, and the film itself is pigmented with suicient minute particles 21 to disperse light yentering the film 20, but not enough to interfere seriously with the transmission of light through lthe film.
  • An air space 25 is present within the span between successive bond lines.
  • the film in practice, may appear to the unaided eye t-o be in contact w-ith the plate throughout the overlain area, but this is not the case. Unless there is a discontinuity (air space 25), the panel is little improved over the ordinary -prismatic panel.
  • the film 20 is preferably la .polyvinyl fluoride film, which may be of the type sold under the trademark Tedlar by the E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. Suitable means of bonding the film to the transparent plate are described in a ico-pending application of Edelmann and Hawes, Serial No. 370,887.
  • the film is preferably on the order of .0005 to .005 inch thick. Much thinner film cannot produce sufiicient diffusion; much thicker film tends to absorb too much light.
  • Suitable pigment for producing diffusion of light, without interfering impractically with its transmission is well known to the art. It can take the form of platelets of very finely divided silica, pigment grade zinc oxide and the like. The incorp-oration into the hlm of an ultraviolet screening agent will help protect the film, pigment, and plate, from the effec-ts of ultraviolet radiation from a light source ⁇ on the film side of the panel.
  • the patterned bonding can, of course, take any desired form, such as small islands for dots, various configurations of continuons lines andthe like. If a pigmented adhesive is used .as a coating, the bonding can be accomplished by selective heating, pressure, Iresist or activating chemical means.
  • the film can also be frosted, colored by dye or by colored pigment, or coated with a pigmented coating which is not adhesive -as respects the prismatic plate. It can be seen that coatings and patterns yon a thin film lend themselves to printing techni-ques as well as other means of application.
  • FIGURE 4 Aa 'coating 45 is provided on the inside surface of a :film 40.
  • the coating has pigment particles 41 in it, 'and in the embodiment shown is adhesive in character. Bonding areas 48 are indicated as having been defined by heat and pressure, as indicated by tthe shallow ⁇ depressions 49 in the film 40.
  • the side of the plate to which the diffusing film is applied has Ibeen described as planar. While this is the preferred form, it can be seen that ribs or bosses may be provided on the surface to which the film is bonded so as to provide patterned spacing members to the top of which the lfilm m-ay lbe bonded.
  • FIGURE 5 Such ⁇ an ⁇ arrangement is illustrated in FIGURE 5, in which a film 50 is shown,
  • ya pigmented coating 55 on its outer side, and is bon-ded, on its inner side, to bosses 57 on the 'upper surface of a transparent plate 51.
  • the prismatic plates can be made of .any other transparent materials which are now oommonly in use, or which may be developed, since the criteria for their use are optical and not chemical.
  • a lighting panel comprising a transparent prismatic plate with one prismatic surface and an opposite smooth planar surface and la diffusing film overlying said planar surface, bonded thereto in spaced bon-ded areas and spaced therefrom intermedi-ate said bonded areas, said bonded areas ⁇ constituting a minor part of the total area of the plate over-lain by said film.
  • a lighting panel comprising .a transparent prismatic plate with a prismatic surface and an opposite surface and a diffusing film overlying said opposite surface, bonded thereto in spaced bonded areas .and spaced therefrom intermediate said bonded areas, said bonded areas consituting a minor part of the total area of the plate overlain 'by said diffusing film,
  • a lighting panel comprising a transparent prismatic plate with a prismatic surface .and an opposite surface, a diffusing film overlying said opposite surface and a pigmented coating on said film, said film being bonded to the said opposite surface in spaced bonded ⁇ areas and spaced therefrom intermediate said bonded areas, said bonded areas constituting a minor part ⁇ of the total area of the plate overlain by said diffusing film.
  • a lighting panel comprising a transparent prism-atic plate with a prismatic surface and an opposite surface, 4a diffusing film overlying said opposite surface and a pigmented coating on the side of the iilm immediately adjacent the said plate, said coating, hence said film, being bonded to the said opposite surface in spaced bonded .areas and spaced therefrom intermediate said Ibon-ded areas, said bonded areas constituting a minor gint ofthe total area of the plate overlain by said diffusing 7.
  • the pigmented coating is an adhesive bondable in the discrete bonding areas to said plate.
US399237A 1964-09-25 1964-09-25 Panel Expired - Lifetime US3288990A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US399237A US3288990A (en) 1964-09-25 1964-09-25 Panel
BE719203D BE719203A (xx) 1964-09-25 1968-08-08

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US399237A US3288990A (en) 1964-09-25 1964-09-25 Panel

Publications (1)

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US3288990A true US3288990A (en) 1966-11-29

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BE (1) BE719203A (xx)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3721818A (en) * 1970-05-18 1973-03-20 Ksh Inc Ceiling mounted luminaire and light-transmitting enclosure therefor
JPS4832389A (xx) * 1971-08-27 1973-04-28
US3763369A (en) * 1971-11-18 1973-10-02 Holophane Co Inc Refractive grid
JPS49105389A (xx) * 1973-02-12 1974-10-05
US4004145A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-01-18 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Nil-luminance lighting panel
US4242723A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-30 Keene Corporation Low level work area lighting system
US4688156A (en) * 1984-04-26 1987-08-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai Light-shielding screen device
US4772096A (en) * 1984-08-24 1988-09-20 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Light-shader
US4906070A (en) * 1985-11-21 1990-03-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Totally internally reflecting thin, flexible film
US5056892A (en) * 1985-11-21 1991-10-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Totally internally reflecting thin, flexible film
US5193899A (en) * 1989-04-25 1993-03-16 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Planar light-source device and illumination apparatus using the same
US5440467A (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-08-08 Steelcase Inc. Task light
US6280063B1 (en) * 1997-05-09 2001-08-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Brightness enhancement article
US6356389B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2002-03-12 Reflexite Corporation Subwavelength optical microstructure light collimating films
US6570710B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2003-05-27 Reflexite Corporation Subwavelength optical microstructure light collimating films
US6742914B2 (en) * 2000-03-09 2004-06-01 Siteco Beleuchtungatechnik Gmbh Light having a non-uniform light emission
US20050007759A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 2005-01-13 Parker Jeffery R. Light emitting panel assemblies
USRE40227E1 (en) 1985-11-21 2008-04-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Totally internally reflecting thin, flexible film
US20120026720A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-02 Cho Bumchul Optical sheet and light emitting device package having the same
US9765949B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2017-09-19 Bright View Technologies Corporation Shaped microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns
US10072816B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2018-09-11 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns
US10302275B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2019-05-28 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based diffusers for creating batwing lighting patterns

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2156093A1 (en) 2007-05-09 2010-02-24 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards GmbH A cover for a light source

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1067322B (de) * 1959-10-15 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H., Stuttgart Mittel zum Verhüten der Blendwirkung durch Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer mit asymmetrischem Abblendlicht
US3069974A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-25 Alvin M Murks Multi-layered light polarizers
US3222515A (en) * 1963-01-03 1965-12-07 Sheffield Plastics Inc Room light control

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1067322B (de) * 1959-10-15 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H., Stuttgart Mittel zum Verhüten der Blendwirkung durch Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer mit asymmetrischem Abblendlicht
US3069974A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-25 Alvin M Murks Multi-layered light polarizers
US3222515A (en) * 1963-01-03 1965-12-07 Sheffield Plastics Inc Room light control

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3721818A (en) * 1970-05-18 1973-03-20 Ksh Inc Ceiling mounted luminaire and light-transmitting enclosure therefor
JPS4832389A (xx) * 1971-08-27 1973-04-28
US3763369A (en) * 1971-11-18 1973-10-02 Holophane Co Inc Refractive grid
JPS49105389A (xx) * 1973-02-12 1974-10-05
US4004145A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-01-18 Ignacio Goytisolo Taltavull Nil-luminance lighting panel
US4242723A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-30 Keene Corporation Low level work area lighting system
US4688156A (en) * 1984-04-26 1987-08-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai Light-shielding screen device
US4772096A (en) * 1984-08-24 1988-09-20 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Light-shader
US4906070A (en) * 1985-11-21 1990-03-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Totally internally reflecting thin, flexible film
US5056892A (en) * 1985-11-21 1991-10-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Totally internally reflecting thin, flexible film
USRE40227E1 (en) 1985-11-21 2008-04-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Totally internally reflecting thin, flexible film
US5193899A (en) * 1989-04-25 1993-03-16 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Planar light-source device and illumination apparatus using the same
US5440467A (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-08-08 Steelcase Inc. Task light
US20050007759A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 2005-01-13 Parker Jeffery R. Light emitting panel assemblies
US7322730B2 (en) * 1995-06-27 2008-01-29 Solid State Opto Limited Light emitting panel assemblies
US6280063B1 (en) * 1997-05-09 2001-08-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Brightness enhancement article
US20040027676A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2004-02-12 Reflexite Corporation Subwavelength optical microstructure light-redirecting films
US6891677B2 (en) 1999-11-12 2005-05-10 Reflexite Corporation Subwavelength optical microstructure light-redirecting films
US6570710B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2003-05-27 Reflexite Corporation Subwavelength optical microstructure light collimating films
US6356389B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2002-03-12 Reflexite Corporation Subwavelength optical microstructure light collimating films
US6742914B2 (en) * 2000-03-09 2004-06-01 Siteco Beleuchtungatechnik Gmbh Light having a non-uniform light emission
US20120026720A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-02 Cho Bumchul Optical sheet and light emitting device package having the same
US8613533B2 (en) * 2010-07-28 2013-12-24 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Optical sheet and light emitting device package having the same
US10072816B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2018-09-11 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns
US10302275B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2019-05-28 Bright View Technologies Corporation Microstructure-based diffusers for creating batwing lighting patterns
US9765949B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2017-09-19 Bright View Technologies Corporation Shaped microstructure-based optical diffusers for creating batwing and other lighting patterns

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE719203A (xx) 1969-01-16

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