US3287435A - Production of acetylene - Google Patents
Production of acetylene Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3287435A US3287435A US339083A US33908364A US3287435A US 3287435 A US3287435 A US 3287435A US 339083 A US339083 A US 339083A US 33908364 A US33908364 A US 33908364A US 3287435 A US3287435 A US 3287435A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- naphthalene
- acetylene
- carbon black
- cracked gas
- hydrocarbon oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 title description 14
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/11—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by absorption, i.e. purification or separation of gaseous hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
- C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/8995—Catalyst and recycle considerations
- Y10S585/903—Catalyst and recycle considerations with hydrocarbon recycle to control synthesis reaction, e.g. by cooling, quenching
Definitions
- acetylene can be produced by thermal conversion of hydrocarbons, for example by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons (particularly methane or light naphtha) with oxygen in a flame reaction.
- the cracked gas containing about 10% of acetylene which is at a temperature of about 1500" C. must be cooled very rapidly and the conventional way of achieving this is by spraying in a suitable liquid.
- hot cracked gas containing acetylene may be quenched with water.
- the use of water has the disadvantage however that the heat given up by the hot cracked gas cannot be utilized and is thus lost.
- the cracked gas contain ing acetylene may be quenched with high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbon oils.
- high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbon oils In this way it is possible to make use of the whole of the heat energy contained in the cracked gas and to remove the carbon black from the gas in a simple and effective way.
- hydrocarbon oils do not quench the hot cracked gas as rapidly, intensely and uniformly as water. If acetylene remains too long in the region of high temperature, however, it decomposes into carbon black and hydrogen so that the acetylene yield decreases whereas the undesirable formation of carbon black increases.
- hydrocarbon oils which are obtainable commercially for example as fuel oils, have greatly differing compositions and therefore different properties. For this reason each hydrocarbon oil must be thoroughly investigated prior to use, and this is not only time-consuming but also expensive.
- Naphthalene is 3,287,435 Patented Nov. 22, 1966 ice therefore particularly well suited for a regeneration process, i.e. a portion of the naphthalene may be continually withdrawn from the liquid cycle and freed from carbon black.
- the naphthalene freed from carbon black is used again for quenching either alone or mixed with naphthalene containing carbon black. It is advantageous to free just suflicient naphthalene from carbon black to ensure that a constant content of carbon black is maintained in the recycled naphthalene, for example at a level of 10 to 30%, particularly 20%.
- naphthalene contrasted with other hydrocarbon oils, is free from sulfur. It is quite a special advantage of the process according to this invention that naphthalene is a defined chemical substance and as such is obtainable always in the same quality.
- the portion of the naphthalene which evaporates during the quenching is advantageously condensed in a conventional way in a column by means of a low boiling point aromatic hydrocarbon oil and passed through the bottom of the column to the quenching zone in .a chemically unchanged form, while the light hydrocarbon oil evaporates, is condensed in a condenser and separated from water in a separating vessel. There are no deposits or incrustations in the condensation column, even after prolonged periods of operation, whereas when using aromatic oils as quenching liquids, the lower portion of the column becomes soiled and this may lead to interruptions in the operation.
- naphthalenes having a halogen atom as substituent in a-position as for example a-chloronaphthalene, have the same advantageous properties as naphthalene itself.
- Example 370 kg. per hour of gasoline is heated to 350" C. in a preheater and 250 cubic meters (S.T.P.) of oxygen per hour is preheated to 350 C. in a second preheater.
- the mixture is converted into cracked gas containing acetylene in a combustion chamber.
- the hot cracked gas is quenched in one case with a high boiling point aromatic oil and in another case with naphthalene.
- the cracked gas at 180 C. which has been quenched with the aromatic oil contains 9.5% by volume of acetylene and mg.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 6 Claims. (51. 260-679) This invention relates to an improved process for producing acetylene.
It is known that acetylene can be produced by thermal conversion of hydrocarbons, for example by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons (particularly methane or light naphtha) with oxygen in a flame reaction. The cracked gas containing about 10% of acetylene which is at a temperature of about 1500" C. must be cooled very rapidly and the conventional way of achieving this is by spraying in a suitable liquid.
It is also known that hot cracked gas containing acetylene may be quenched with water. The use of water has the disadvantage however that the heat given up by the hot cracked gas cannot be utilized and is thus lost.
It is furthermore known that the cracked gas contain ing acetylene may be quenched with high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbon oils. In this way it is possible to make use of the whole of the heat energy contained in the cracked gas and to remove the carbon black from the gas in a simple and effective way. In general there is no appreciable cracking of the high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbon oil in the said process. If however the hydrocarbon oil is freed from carbon black and then used again as a quenching liquid, and this process is carried out repeatedly, some of the constituents of the hydrocarbon oil are gradually converted into asphalts or carbon black and part of the sulfur contained in the hydrocarbon oils is converted into hydrogen sulfide which causes corrosion in the pipes and equipment. Another disadvantage is that the conventional hydrocarbon oils do not quench the hot cracked gas as rapidly, intensely and uniformly as water. If acetylene remains too long in the region of high temperature, however, it decomposes into carbon black and hydrogen so that the acetylene yield decreases whereas the undesirable formation of carbon black increases. A further disadvantage is that the hydrocarbon oils, which are obtainable commercially for example as fuel oils, have greatly differing compositions and therefore different properties. For this reason each hydrocarbon oil must be thoroughly investigated prior to use, and this is not only time-consuming but also expensive.
We have now found that the abovementioned disadvantages do not occur when naphthalene or an a-halonaphthalene is used as the aromatic hydrocarbon oil.
It has been found that when hot cracked gas at about 1500 C. is quenched in a single stage to about 200 C. no undesirable decomposition of acetylene takes place and the cracked gas has the same composition as when water is used as the quenching liquid. The fact that the thermal stability of naphthalene is considerably greater than that of other high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbon oils is a particular advantage.
Naphthalene is 3,287,435 Patented Nov. 22, 1966 ice therefore particularly well suited for a regeneration process, i.e. a portion of the naphthalene may be continually withdrawn from the liquid cycle and freed from carbon black. The naphthalene freed from carbon black is used again for quenching either alone or mixed with naphthalene containing carbon black. It is advantageous to free just suflicient naphthalene from carbon black to ensure that a constant content of carbon black is maintained in the recycled naphthalene, for example at a level of 10 to 30%, particularly 20%. p
The risk of corrosion of the equipment and pipes through which the product flows after the cracked gas has been quenched is considerably less because naphthalene, contrasted with other hydrocarbon oils, is free from sulfur. It is quite a special advantage of the process according to this invention that naphthalene is a defined chemical substance and as such is obtainable always in the same quality.
The portion of the naphthalene which evaporates during the quenching is advantageously condensed in a conventional way in a column by means of a low boiling point aromatic hydrocarbon oil and passed through the bottom of the column to the quenching zone in .a chemically unchanged form, while the light hydrocarbon oil evaporates, is condensed in a condenser and separated from water in a separating vessel. There are no deposits or incrustations in the condensation column, even after prolonged periods of operation, whereas when using aromatic oils as quenching liquids, the lower portion of the column becomes soiled and this may lead to interruptions in the operation. The portion of naphthalene which remains liquid during quenching is advantageously united with the other naphthalene separated from cracked gas in the above-mentioned column, and the heat given up by the gas and contained in the naphthalene may be reused for any desired purpose, for example for the production of steam. Naphthalenes having a halogen atom as substituent in a-position, as for example a-chloronaphthalene, have the same advantageous properties as naphthalene itself.
The invention is illustrated by the following example which shows the advantages associated with the process.
Example 370 kg. per hour of gasoline is heated to 350" C. in a preheater and 250 cubic meters (S.T.P.) of oxygen per hour is preheated to 350 C. in a second preheater. The mixture is converted into cracked gas containing acetylene in a combustion chamber. At the outlet from the combustion chamber, the hot cracked gas is quenched in one case with a high boiling point aromatic oil and in another case with naphthalene. The cracked gas at 180 C. which has been quenched with the aromatic oil contains 9.5% by volume of acetylene and mg. of hydrogen sulfide per cubic meter (S.T.P.) and that which has been quenched with naphthalene contains 9.9% by volume of acetylene and 40 mg. of hydrogen sulfide per cubic meter (S.T.P.).
We claim:
1. A process for the production of acetylene from hydrocarbons by the action of high temperatures, quenching the hot cracked gas containing acetylene and separating carbon black from the gas with an aromatic hydrocarbon oil, wherein a member selected from the group consisting of naphthalene and an a-halonaphthalene is used as the aromatic hydrocarbon oil.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein a portion of the naphthalene containing carbon black is freed from carbon black and the naphthalene freed from carbon black is used again for quenching.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the naphthalene vapors entrained with the quenched gas are condensed by means of a low boiling point hydrocarbon oil.
4. A process as claimed in claim 3 wherein the low boiling point hydrocarbon oil is free from polymerizable substances.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heat transmitted to thenaphthalene is utilized.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,371,147 3/1945 Burk 339-083 2,394,848 2/ 1946 Doumani 26 0 6-79 2,597,346 5/ 1952 Lei-fer 260679 3,140,323 7/ 1964 Fauser 260-679 15 ALPHONSO D. SULLIVAN, Primary Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE FROM HYDROCARBONS BY THE ACTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURES, QUENCHING THE HOT CRACKED GAS CONTAINING ACETYLENE AND SEPARATING CARBON BLACK FROM THE GAS WITH AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON OIL, WHEREIN MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NAPHTHALENE AND AN A-HALONAPHTHALENE IS USED AS THE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON OIL.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEB70767A DE1185174B (en) | 1963-02-16 | 1963-02-16 | Process for the production of acetylene |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3287435A true US3287435A (en) | 1966-11-22 |
Family
ID=6976781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US339083A Expired - Lifetime US3287435A (en) | 1963-02-16 | 1964-01-21 | Production of acetylene |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3287435A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT243770B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE643840A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1185174B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1047045A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6401345A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2371147A (en) * | 1945-03-13 | Preparation op unsaturated ali | ||
| US2394848A (en) * | 1941-08-25 | 1946-02-12 | Union Oil Co | Process for the production of aliphatic alcohols |
| US2597346A (en) * | 1948-10-29 | 1952-05-20 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Method for effecting the conversion of organic reactant streams |
| US3140323A (en) * | 1958-05-21 | 1964-07-07 | Montedison Spa | Process for production of acetylene and other products by partial combustion of hydrocarbons |
-
1963
- 1963-02-16 DE DEB70767A patent/DE1185174B/en active Pending
-
1964
- 1964-01-21 US US339083A patent/US3287435A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-01-24 GB GB3109/64A patent/GB1047045A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-02-14 BE BE643840D patent/BE643840A/xx unknown
- 1964-02-14 NL NL6401345A patent/NL6401345A/xx unknown
- 1964-02-14 AT AT124164A patent/AT243770B/en active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2371147A (en) * | 1945-03-13 | Preparation op unsaturated ali | ||
| US2394848A (en) * | 1941-08-25 | 1946-02-12 | Union Oil Co | Process for the production of aliphatic alcohols |
| US2597346A (en) * | 1948-10-29 | 1952-05-20 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Method for effecting the conversion of organic reactant streams |
| US3140323A (en) * | 1958-05-21 | 1964-07-07 | Montedison Spa | Process for production of acetylene and other products by partial combustion of hydrocarbons |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1047045A (en) | 1966-11-02 |
| NL6401345A (en) | 1964-08-17 |
| BE643840A (en) | 1964-08-14 |
| AT243770B (en) | 1965-11-25 |
| DE1185174B (en) | 1965-01-14 |
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