US3281930A - Joining clad metal parts - Google Patents

Joining clad metal parts Download PDF

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US3281930A
US3281930A US318604A US31860463A US3281930A US 3281930 A US3281930 A US 3281930A US 318604 A US318604 A US 318604A US 31860463 A US31860463 A US 31860463A US 3281930 A US3281930 A US 3281930A
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metal
cladding
strip
explosive
layer
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US318604A
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Fordham Stanley
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y10T29/49806—Explosively shaping

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  • This invention relates to a method of joining together clad metal parts and particularly to a method of joining together separated portions of cladding metal on a substrate of base metal.
  • the invention also relates to assembled laminar charges of cladding metal and explosive for use in this method.
  • Clad metal is used for the construction of vessels and chemical plant which are to be used in contact with materials which corrodes the cheaper metals but would be too costly if made from corrosion resistant metal.
  • the cladding consists of a relatively thin layer of a corrosion resistant metal such as nickel or titanium, and the main structural metal which imparts most of the strength to the construction is a relatively thick layer of a cheaper metal such as mild steel.
  • the cladding is usually superimposed on the base metal plate by rolling and articles are fabricated from portions of the clad plate by welding or other fusion process.
  • a method of joining separate portions of cladding metal on a base metal substrate comprises placing a strip of cladding metal adjacent to the exposed surface of said portions so as to completely overlie the area of base metal separating said portions, covering said strip with a layer of explosive and detonating the explosive.
  • the detonation of the explosive projects the strip with such force towards the portions of cladding material on the base metal that it becomes welded thereto so that a complete layer of cladding metal is formed over the base metal.
  • This invention provides a method of joining together separate pieces of clad metal which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • edges of the pieces of clad metal are first joined together in known manner, a strip of cladding metal is placed over the joint and a portion of cladding metal on each side thereof and the strip is covered with a layer of explosive which is subsequently detonated.
  • the cladding material should be removed from the base metal for a short distance back from the edges which are to be joined together so as to avoid any cladding metal diffusing into the joint. It is also preferable to smooth the surface of the joint beforethe strip of cladding metal is placed over it.
  • laminar assemblies comprising strips of cladding metal with an overlying layer of explosive and having, if desired, an interlayer of relatively soft material for example rubber or a soft metal such as mild steel to protect the surface of the strip.
  • an interlayer of relatively soft material for example rubber or a soft metal such as mild steel to protect the surface of the strip.
  • the invention also includes such assemblies.
  • These assemblies may be of a long length and supplied to the user in rolls from which any required length may be cut.
  • Gelatinous explosives are particularly suitable for such assemblies.
  • EXAMPLE 1 In this example two Ai-inch thick mild steel plates clad with a 0.016 inch layer of titanium were joined together by the method of the invention.
  • the welded plate 1 having a layer of clad-ding metal separated into two portions 2, 3, leaving a gap 4 along the welded joint 5 in which the base metal was exposed, was placed on a steel anvil 6.
  • a composite strip assembly was prepared which consisted of a 1 /2 inch wide and 0.016 inch thick cladding strip 7 of titanium covered with a inch thick mild steel strip 8 of the same width and length which in turn was covered with a 1 inch thick layer of a nitroglycerine powder explosive 9 having a bulk strength of 54 percent blasting :gelatine.
  • Aline of detonating fuse 10 was placed in contact with a longitudinal edge .11 of the explosive layer.
  • This assembly was placed over the welded joint with the longitudinal edge 12 of the titanium cladding strip 7 adjacent to the detonating fuse in contact along its length with .the titanium cladding portion 2 on one side of the joint, and the strip being at an angle of 10 to this surf-ace.
  • the cladding strip 7 covered both the Welded joint 5 and a portion of the titanium cladding 2, 3 along each side of the gap 4.
  • the detonating fuse was initiated by a detonator 13 and the detonation wave bonded the titanium strip 7 to the mild steel surface in the gap 4 and to the portions of the cladding 2,3 which it overlay to form a continuous cladding layer of titanium over the surface of the plate 1.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The procedure in this example was the same as that carried out in Example 1 except that the mild steel interlayer 8 between the cladding strip 7 and the explosive 9 was omitted. The welded joint was satisfactorily covered but the exposed surface of the titanium strip 7 was roughened by the action of the explosive.
  • EXAMPLE 3 In this example, the process was the same as in Example 1 except that the titanium cladding strip 7 was placed in close contact with the two portions of cladding metal 2, 3 before initiation of the explosive 9.
  • the explosive used was a /8 thick layer of a plastic explosive commercially available under the trade name Metabel.
  • a thin cardboard strip was interposed between the strips of mild steel 8 and titanium 7 to prevent sticking.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The procedure in this example was the same as in Example 1 but the mild steel plate 1 had a 0.016 inch thick cladding of nickel separated into two portions 2, 3 by a gap 4; the cladding strip 7 was nickel and the layer 8 between the strip 7 and the explosive 9 was a inch layer of rubber. There was no welded joint in the plate 1 at the gap 4.
  • the nickel cladding strip was bonded to the portions of cladding 2, 3 and to the exposed base metal in the gap 4 to satisfactorily join the clad port-ions 2 and 3 to give a continuous nickel layer over the base metal.
  • EXAMPLE The procedure in this example was the same as in Example 4 except that the cladding material on the plate 1 and the cladding strip 7 was 0.016 inch stainless steel.
  • the cladding strip 7 was bonded to the cladding material on the plate -1 and to the exposed base metal in the gap to give a continuous layer of stainless steel over the mild steel base.
  • a method of joining together separate pieces of clad metal each of which comprises .a base metal substrate having a cladding metal thereon and edges to be joined, said method comprising joining together the edges of the base metal substrates by fusion thereby forming a discontinuity in the cladding metal, placing a strip of said cladding metal over the discontinuity at the resulting joint so that said strip extends over a portion of the cladding metal on each side of the joint, covering the strip with a layer of explosive and detonating the explosive thereby bonding said strip of cladding metal to the cladding metal bonded to the substrate.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 in which a protective layer of relatively soft material is placed between the strip of cladding metal and the layer of explosive.
  • the strip of cladding metal is, in transverse section, disposed at a small angle to the portion of the surface which it is to cover, and the explosive layer is detonated along the longitudinal edge nearer to said surface.

Description

NOV. 1, 1966 5, FORDHAM 3,281,930
JOINING GLAD METAL PARTS Filed Oct. 24, 1963 United States Patent 3,281,930 JOINING GLAD METAL PARTS Stanley Fordham, West Kilbride, Scotland, assignor to Imperial Chemical industries Limited, London, England, a corporation of Great Britain Filed Oct. 24, 1963, Ser. No. 318,604 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Oct. 24, 1962, 40,27 9/ 62 6 (Ilaims. (Cl. 29-476.1)
This invention relates to a method of joining together clad metal parts and particularly to a method of joining together separated portions of cladding metal on a substrate of base metal. The invention also relates to assembled laminar charges of cladding metal and explosive for use in this method.
Clad metal is used for the construction of vessels and chemical plant which are to be used in contact with materials which corrodes the cheaper metals but would be too costly if made from corrosion resistant metal. The cladding consists of a relatively thin layer of a corrosion resistant metal such as nickel or titanium, and the main structural metal which imparts most of the strength to the construction is a relatively thick layer of a cheaper metal such as mild steel. The cladding is usually superimposed on the base metal plate by rolling and articles are fabricated from portions of the clad plate by welding or other fusion process.
Hitherto the formation of satisfactory joints between clad metal parts has proved dilficult. Often there remains at the joint discontinuities in the cladding layer which are sites for subsequent corrosion. Also with some combinations of cladding and base metals, the cladding metal diffuses into the base metal during the joining process and a weak joint results.
According to this invention a method of joining separate portions of cladding metal on a base metal substrate comprises placing a strip of cladding metal adjacent to the exposed surface of said portions so as to completely overlie the area of base metal separating said portions, covering said strip with a layer of explosive and detonating the explosive. The detonation of the explosive projects the strip with such force towards the portions of cladding material on the base metal that it becomes welded thereto so that a complete layer of cladding metal is formed over the base metal.
This invention provides a method of joining together separate pieces of clad metal which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages. For this purpose, edges of the pieces of clad metal are first joined together in known manner, a strip of cladding metal is placed over the joint and a portion of cladding metal on each side thereof and the strip is covered with a layer of explosive which is subsequently detonated. Preferably the cladding material should be removed from the base metal for a short distance back from the edges which are to be joined together so as to avoid any cladding metal diffusing into the joint. It is also preferable to smooth the surface of the joint beforethe strip of cladding metal is placed over it.
It is advantageous in carrying out the process of the invention to separate the explosive layer from the strip of cladding metal in order to avoid excessive damage to the surface of the strip. We have found that an interlayer of relatively soft material for example rubber or a soft metal such as mild steel provides sufiicie-nt protection for the surface of the cladding metal. When metal is used there is a tendency for the metal layers to stick together unless some precaution is taken. A layer of paper or cardboard placed between the strip and the protecting metal layer avoids sticking but it also has an undesirable attenuating effect on the detonation shock wave.
fldlfidd Patented Nov. 1, 1966 We find that sticking does not occur if, before detonating the explosive, the strip of cladding metal is, in transverse section, disposed at a small angle to the portion of the surface which it is to cover, and the explosive layer is detonated along the longitudinal edge nearer to said surface. This method has the further advantage that there is a space between the base metal surface and the portion of explosive immediately overlying it when that portion of explosive detonates. The tendency for the detonation to weaken a joint in the base metal is therefore less than when detonation occurs in close proximity to the surface. This method also results in improvement of the adhesion of the cladding strip to the surface since the air is thereby progressively expel-led between the strip and the surface as the strip is propelled into place.
It is convenient to preassemble for use in the process of the invention, laminar assemblies comprising strips of cladding metal with an overlying layer of explosive and having, if desired, an interlayer of relatively soft material for example rubber or a soft metal such as mild steel to protect the surface of the strip. 'It will be understood, therefore, that the invention also includes such assemblies. These assemblies may be of a long length and supplied to the user in rolls from which any required length may be cut. Gelatinous explosives are particularly suitable for such assemblies.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples which are described with reference to the accompanying drawing showing a perspective view of the assembled parts before the explosive is detonated.
EXAMPLE 1 In this example two Ai-inch thick mild steel plates clad with a 0.016 inch layer of titanium were joined together by the method of the invention.
The cladding within it-inch of the respective edges of the two plates which were to be joined together was removed and the edges joined by Welding. Referring to the drawing, the welded plate 1, having a layer of clad-ding metal separated into two portions 2, 3, leaving a gap 4 along the welded joint 5 in which the base metal was exposed, was placed on a steel anvil 6.
A composite strip assembly was prepared which consisted of a 1 /2 inch wide and 0.016 inch thick cladding strip 7 of titanium covered with a inch thick mild steel strip 8 of the same width and length which in turn was covered with a 1 inch thick layer of a nitroglycerine powder explosive 9 having a bulk strength of 54 percent blasting :gelatine. Aline of detonating fuse 10 was placed in contact with a longitudinal edge .11 of the explosive layer. This assembly was placed over the welded joint with the longitudinal edge 12 of the titanium cladding strip 7 adjacent to the detonating fuse in contact along its length with .the titanium cladding portion 2 on one side of the joint, and the strip being at an angle of 10 to this surf-ace. In this position the cladding strip 7 covered both the Welded joint 5 and a portion of the titanium cladding 2, 3 along each side of the gap 4. The detonating fuse was initiated by a detonator 13 and the detonation wave bonded the titanium strip 7 to the mild steel surface in the gap 4 and to the portions of the cladding 2,3 which it overlay to form a continuous cladding layer of titanium over the surface of the plate 1.
EXAMPLE 2 The procedure in this example was the same as that carried out in Example 1 except that the mild steel interlayer 8 between the cladding strip 7 and the explosive 9 was omitted. The welded joint was satisfactorily covered but the exposed surface of the titanium strip 7 was roughened by the action of the explosive.
3 EXAMPLE 3 In this example, the process was the same as in Example 1 except that the titanium cladding strip 7 was placed in close contact with the two portions of cladding metal 2, 3 before initiation of the explosive 9. The explosive used was a /8 thick layer of a plastic explosive commercially available under the trade name Metabel. A thin cardboard strip was interposed between the strips of mild steel 8 and titanium 7 to prevent sticking.
On detonation of the explosive satisfactory covering of the joint was obtained but the adhesion of the covering was inferior to that obtained in Examples 1 and 2.
EXAMPLE 4 The procedure in this example was the same as in Example 1 but the mild steel plate 1 had a 0.016 inch thick cladding of nickel separated into two portions 2, 3 by a gap 4; the cladding strip 7 was nickel and the layer 8 between the strip 7 and the explosive 9 was a inch layer of rubber. There was no welded joint in the plate 1 at the gap 4.
On detonation of the explosive the nickel cladding strip was bonded to the portions of cladding 2, 3 and to the exposed base metal in the gap 4 to satisfactorily join the clad port-ions 2 and 3 to give a continuous nickel layer over the base metal.
EXAMPLE The procedure in this example was the same as in Example 4 except that the cladding material on the plate 1 and the cladding strip 7 was 0.016 inch stainless steel.
On detonation of the explosive the cladding strip 7 was bonded to the cladding material on the plate -1 and to the exposed base metal in the gap to give a continuous layer of stainless steel over the mild steel base.
What I claim is:
1. A method of joining together separate pieces of clad metal, each of which comprises .a base metal substrate having a cladding metal thereon and edges to be joined, said method comprising joining together the edges of the base metal substrates by fusion thereby forming a discontinuity in the cladding metal, placing a strip of said cladding metal over the discontinuity at the resulting joint so that said strip extends over a portion of the cladding metal on each side of the joint, covering the strip with a layer of explosive and detonating the explosive thereby bonding said strip of cladding metal to the cladding metal bonded to the substrate.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which a protective layer of relatively soft material is placed between the strip of cladding metal and the layer of explosive.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 in which the interposed layer is rubber or a soft metal such as mild steel.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 in which the interposed layer is a soft metal and a layer of paper or cardboard is interposed between the layer of soft metal and the strip of cladding metal.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which, before detonating the explosive, the strip of cladding metal is, in transverse section, disposed at a small angle to the portion of the surface which it is to cover, and the explosive layer is detonated along the longitudinal edge nearer to said surface.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5 in which the base metal substrate is mild steel and the cladding metal is titanium, nickel or stainless steel.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,194,643 7/1965 Ma et al. 29470.1 X 3,197,855 8/1965 Carter et a1 29--497.5 X 3,197,856 8/1965 Pohhemas et al. 29421 X 3,212,183 10/1965 Burman et a1. 2942l OTHER REFERENCES Recent Advances in Metal Working with Explosives by Holtzman and Ruderhausen in Sheet Metal Industries, pp. 399-41 1.
CHARLIE T. MOON, Primary Examiner.
P. M. COHEN, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF JOINING TOGETHER SEPARATE PIECES OF CLAD METAL, EACH OF WHICH COMPRISES A BASE METAL SUBSTRATE HAVING A CLADDING METAL THEREON AND EDGES TO BE JOINED, SAID METHOD COMPRISING JOINING TOGETHER THE EDGES OF THE BASE METAL SUBSTRATES BY FUSION THEREBY FORMING A DISCONTINUITY IN THE CLADDING METAL, PLACING A STRIP OF SAID CLADDING METAL OVER THE DISCONTINUITY AT THE RESULTING JOINT SO THAT SAID STRIP EXTENDS OVER A PORTION OF THE CLADDING METAL ON EACH SIDE OF THE JOINT, COVERING THE STRIP WITH A LAYER OF EXPLOSIVE AND DETONATING THE EXPLOSIVE THEREBY BONDING SAID STRIP OF CLADDING METAL TO THE CLADDING METAL BONDED TO THE SUBSTRATE,
US318604A 1962-10-24 1963-10-24 Joining clad metal parts Expired - Lifetime US3281930A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3371404A (en) * 1957-06-27 1968-03-05 Jerome H. Lemelson Method of simultaneously cladding and deforming material by intense pressure
US3439408A (en) * 1967-06-29 1969-04-22 Du Pont Process for initiating explosive and charge therefor
US3443306A (en) * 1966-08-03 1969-05-13 Nooter Corp Method of joining clad material
US3449819A (en) * 1968-05-17 1969-06-17 Hexcel Corp Explosively welded honeycomb method
US3474520A (en) * 1964-03-09 1969-10-28 Asahi Chemical Ind Process for explosive bonding of metals
US3629932A (en) * 1969-03-03 1971-12-28 Dynamit Nobel Ag Welding of explosive-plated metal sheets
US3732612A (en) * 1971-06-02 1973-05-15 Martin Marietta Corp Method for explosive bonding of metals
US3770393A (en) * 1971-10-22 1973-11-06 Aluminum Co Of America Rigid metal panels
US4756464A (en) * 1985-10-30 1988-07-12 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Method of manufacture of composite laminar metal plate
WO1993015869A1 (en) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for explosive cladding
US5305946A (en) * 1992-11-05 1994-04-26 Nooter Corporation Welding process for clad metals
US5485736A (en) * 1992-10-09 1996-01-23 The Boc Group, Inc. Seamless cylinder shell construction
US20080268279A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2008-10-30 W.E. Smith Engineering Pty Ltd Method of Joining Clad Metals and Vessel Produced Thereby

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0003078A1 (en) * 1978-01-17 1979-07-25 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Improvements in and relating to explosive cladding
DE3135560A1 (en) * 1981-09-08 1983-05-05 Naučno-proizvodstvennoe ob"edinenie po technologii mašinostroenija CNIITMAŠ, Moskva Explosion cladding process for metal workpieces

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3194643A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-07-13 Lukens Steel Co Clad metal product
US3197855A (en) * 1962-12-28 1965-08-03 United Aircraft Corp Method of explosively forming a scarf type joint
US3197856A (en) * 1963-01-02 1965-08-03 United Aircraft Corp Explosively joining metals to form a continuous sheet
US3212183A (en) * 1962-12-28 1965-10-19 United Aircraft Corp Reduction of explosive joint edge degradation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3194643A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-07-13 Lukens Steel Co Clad metal product
US3197855A (en) * 1962-12-28 1965-08-03 United Aircraft Corp Method of explosively forming a scarf type joint
US3212183A (en) * 1962-12-28 1965-10-19 United Aircraft Corp Reduction of explosive joint edge degradation
US3197856A (en) * 1963-01-02 1965-08-03 United Aircraft Corp Explosively joining metals to form a continuous sheet

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3371404A (en) * 1957-06-27 1968-03-05 Jerome H. Lemelson Method of simultaneously cladding and deforming material by intense pressure
US3474520A (en) * 1964-03-09 1969-10-28 Asahi Chemical Ind Process for explosive bonding of metals
US3443306A (en) * 1966-08-03 1969-05-13 Nooter Corp Method of joining clad material
US3439408A (en) * 1967-06-29 1969-04-22 Du Pont Process for initiating explosive and charge therefor
US3449819A (en) * 1968-05-17 1969-06-17 Hexcel Corp Explosively welded honeycomb method
US3629932A (en) * 1969-03-03 1971-12-28 Dynamit Nobel Ag Welding of explosive-plated metal sheets
US3732612A (en) * 1971-06-02 1973-05-15 Martin Marietta Corp Method for explosive bonding of metals
US3770393A (en) * 1971-10-22 1973-11-06 Aluminum Co Of America Rigid metal panels
US4756464A (en) * 1985-10-30 1988-07-12 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Method of manufacture of composite laminar metal plate
WO1993015869A1 (en) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for explosive cladding
US5323955A (en) * 1992-02-14 1994-06-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Explosively bonding metal composite
US5400945A (en) * 1992-02-14 1995-03-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for explosively bonding metals
US5485736A (en) * 1992-10-09 1996-01-23 The Boc Group, Inc. Seamless cylinder shell construction
US5305946A (en) * 1992-11-05 1994-04-26 Nooter Corporation Welding process for clad metals
US20080268279A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2008-10-30 W.E. Smith Engineering Pty Ltd Method of Joining Clad Metals and Vessel Produced Thereby
US7748598B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-07-06 W. E. Smith Engineering Pty Ltd Method of joining clad metals and vessel produced thereby

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DE1232806B (en) 1967-01-19

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