US3271960A - Method and apparatus for supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine in a steam power plant - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine in a steam power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US3271960A
US3271960A US348140A US34814064A US3271960A US 3271960 A US3271960 A US 3271960A US 348140 A US348140 A US 348140A US 34814064 A US34814064 A US 34814064A US 3271960 A US3271960 A US 3271960A
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Prior art keywords
steam
turbine
temperature
auxiliary turbine
pressure
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US348140A
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English (en)
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Brunner Alfred
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/24—Control or safety means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/345—Control or safety-means particular thereto

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to a method and apparatus for supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine in a steam power plant in which at least part of the steam is reheated at least once between stages of the main turbine and in which the auxiliary turbine is supplied wit-h steam which, according to the load on the system, is tapped from a stage of the main turbine itself fed with partly expanded and reheated steam, or is withdrawn upstream of such stage.
  • auxiliary turbines In steam power plants, feed-water pumps are commonly driven by auxiliary turbines.
  • auxiliary turbines According to the load on the plant, either with steam tapped from a low pressure stage of the main turbine or else with steam drawn from a reheater working at appropriate pressure.
  • the point of withdrawal for the steam from the reheater is so chosen that the temperature of the steam entering the auxiliary turbine does not change sharply on a shift between one and the other of these two sources of supply.
  • the auxiliary turbine need be designed and exposed only to a limited range of temperatures, and in particular need not be exposed to higher temperatures.
  • the method of the present invention provides another solution to this problem and is characterized by the fact that after a shift to supply of the auxiliary turbine with steam withdrawn upstream of the said low pressure stage of the main turbine, one part of the steam for the auxiliary turbine is taken upstream and another part is taken downstream of the reheater (which itself is upstream of that stage), and further by the fact that both fractions are mixed together upstream of the auxiliary turbine.
  • this reheater, and especially the downstream (and normally hotter) end thereof is cooled with a larger volume of steam, because only part of the steam employed in the auxiliary turbine is withdrawn from the main steam channel upstream of this part of the reheater.
  • the withdrawals of steam upstream and downstream of the reheater may advantageously be so effected that the temperature of the mixed steam resulting from mixture of these withdrawals is adjusted as a function of the steam temperature at the tapping point of said low temperature stage (or as a function of a steam temperature representative of the temperature at that tapping point), when that tapping point steam temperature lies above a limiting value, whereas the temperature of the mixed steam is held constant as soon as the tempera-ture of the steam at that tapping point falls below a limiting value, which may of course be an adjustable one.
  • the apparatus for practice of the method of the invention is characterized by the fact that upstream and downstream of a reheater, side conduits lead off into the supply line for the auxiliary turbine, at least one of these branch lines including a throttling element.
  • each of these two branch lines includes a valve, subjected to adjustment in opposite senses as a function of the temperature of the steam in the inlet to the auxiliary turbine.
  • the reference level signal for the controller which adjusts the temperature of the mixed steam (by adjusting the fractions in the mix) be supplied to a comparator device which receives separate signals representative of the tapping point steam temperature and of an adjustably fixable limiting value, this device transmitting to that controller only the signal representative of the larger of these two temperatures.
  • the auxiliary turbine -1 drives the feed pump 30.
  • This pump forces water from a feed-water supply vessel 31 through a feed valve 6, through preheaters 32, 33 and 34 and into the steam generator or evaporator 35.
  • the steam generated in the evaporator 35 is superheated in the superheater 36 before undergoing partial expansion in the high pressure turbine 37.
  • the steam thus partially expanded in the turbine 37 is further expanded in the low pressure turbine 38 before being delivered to a condenser 41 for condensation.
  • the two turbines 37 and 38 are coupled together and to an electric generator 40.
  • the condensate is supplied through a condensate pump 42 and preheater 43 back into the feed-Water supply vessel 31.
  • the preheaters 32, 33, 34 and 43 may be heated either by gaseous products of combustion from the fire which serves the evaporator 35, superheater 36 and reheater 14, or they may be heated with tapped steam, as is illustrated in the case of the preheater 34, for which there is shown a line 23 connecting into the line 2, the latter of which serves for withdrawal of steam from the turbine 38 at an intermediate pressure stage thereof.
  • the pump 30 On starting up of the plant the pump 30 is either driven by an auxiliary motor (not shown) or the auxiliary turbine 1 is supplied with steam from an auxiliary steam source, again not shown, until the steam necessary for operation of the feed pump may be withdrawn from the power plant itself.
  • auxiliary motor not shown
  • auxiliary turbine 1 is supplied with steam from an auxiliary steam source, again not shown, until the steam necessary for operation of the feed pump may be withdrawn from the power plant itself.
  • a second feed pump connected in parallel with the pump 30, and driven from a separate motor.
  • auxiliary turbine Under conditions of full load the auxiliary turbine is supplied with steam through the tapping line 2, which contains a check valve 3 and which leads into the inlet line 4 to the auxiliary turbine, in a fashion known in and of itself.
  • a steam valve 5 is provided in the line 4 This valve is adjusted in setting 'by means of servomotor 8 in accordance with the pressure differential existing across feed valve 6, as measured at a pressure difference measuring device 44 whose signal is delivered to a controller 7 for operation of the servomotor 8.
  • the steam which leaves the auxiliary turbine is condensed in a condenser 45 from which it is returned by the condensate pump 42 into the feed-water supply vessel 31.
  • the input line 4 leads, via a section 46, through branch lines 10 and 11 to points in the main steam channel which are respectively upstream and downstream of, i.e. at the inlet and outlet of, the reheater 14, branch lines 10 and 11 containing respectively valves 12 and 13.
  • These valves are adjusted by means of the servomotors 16 and 17, operating on the valves through the three-armed lever 15.
  • Servomotor 16 which is the faster operating one of the two, constitutes the parameter adjusting element of a pressure control loop including the pressure measuring device 18 and the controller 19.
  • the pressure controller 19 receives a signal from the valve 5, representative of the setting of the latter, and this signal, for openings of the valve above a specified value, serves to raise the reference value to which the pressure p at 18 is controlled by the loop including elements 18, 19 and 16.
  • the loop including elements 18, 19 and 16 thus adjusts the openings of valves 12 and 13 in the same sense to hold the pressure in line 46 at a value dependent on the opening of valve 5, which in turn depends on the setting of the main feed-water control valve 6.
  • the more slowly operating parameter adjusting servomotor 17 responds to the output of a controller 20.
  • controller 20 operates to maintain the temperature of the steam mixture in line 46, as measured at 21, at a value defined by a signal delivered to controller 20 from the comparison device 24.
  • This device receives a signal representative of actual temperature from the temperature measuring device 22 in line 23 and a signal from the limiting value signal generator 25.
  • the signal from the generator 25 can be set at any desire-d value. This value sets the lower limit to the temperature, as measured at 21, of the mixture of steam to be admitted through lines 46 and 4 into the auxiliary turbine.
  • the comparison device 24 serves to choose the signal representative of the higher of the two temperatures supplied to it and to supply this higher temperature as a reference value to the controller 20.
  • valves 12 and 13 are therefore held both nearly closed by servomotor 16. A small flow of steam is however maintained through the lines 10, 11 and 46 and through the valves 12 and 13, even when the auxiliary turbine is being fed with steam tapped from turbine 38 at line 2, in order that these elements 10, 11, 46, etc. of the system may remain at approximately their correct operating temperatures.
  • valves 12 and 13 will be increased. This effect is reinforced by the fact that with declining steam pressure in the line 2, the valve 5 will open beyond the limiting or critical value therefor, inasmuch as the output of the auxliary turbine will not have declined correspondingly. This raises the reference value signal for pressure delivered from valve 5 to controller 19, which in turn produces a rapid response of the control elements 16, 18 and 19, opening valves 12 and 13 as above indicated.
  • the control loop comprising elements 17, 20 and 21 will now trim the settings of the valves 12 and 13 differentially, i.e.
  • control functions which have been described can also be accomplished by deriving in a load-representative signal generating device suitable control signals for the setting of valves 12 and 13 (as by servomotor 16) or, alternatively, only for the trimming thereof (as by servomotor 17).
  • the invention is not restricted to the system shown and described having a single reheater. Rather, it can be applied to plants having plural reheating stages. In such applications it is possible to extend the shift in auxiliary turbine supply, as a function of pressure changes, to include shift in supply from a reheater operating at one pressure range to another reheater operatmg at a higher pressure range. Optionally, this may be carried out with the provision of an intervening range of pressures over which the steam for the auxiliary turbine is drawn as tapped steam from a turbine disposed between the two reheaters. In such systems the supply of steam from the reheaters may include withdrawal of steam both upstream and downstream of each reheater as it is employed in turn, in accordance with the invention.
  • control loop 19, 16 and 18 may be further understood from a recognition of the fact that at high plant load the valve 5 will be nearly wide open and specifically will be in the range of openings where the pressure reference signal delivered from valve 5 to controller 19 varies directly with that opening. Under these load conditions however the pressure in the tapping line 2 is also high so that the pressure measured at 18 will be higher than that defined by the signal received by controller 19 from valve 5. With this inequality of input signals to the controller, the controller will hold valves 12 and 13 closed except for such minimum opening thereof as may be desired in order to maintain the conduits 10 and 11 at operating temperature. Upon a decline in load, the pressure at the tapping line 2 and hence at 18 also will decline, thus reversing the inequality of input signals to controller 19.
  • the method of supplying steam to an auxiliary turbine in a steam power plant having a steam reheating surface between high and low pressure stages of a main turbine which comprises withdrawing steam both upstream and downstream of said surface, mixing the steam so withdrawn before supplying it to the auxiliary turbine, and adjusting the ratio of steam withdrawn upstream of said surface to steam withdrawn downstream of said surface in accordance with differences between the temperature of said mixed steam and the temperature of steam tapped at said low pressure stage for values of said tapped steam temperature above a lower limit.
  • the method of supplying steam to an auxiliary turbine in a steam power plant having a steam reheating surface between high and low pressure stages of a main turbine which comprises withdrawing steam both upstream and downstream of said surface, mixing the steam so withdrawn before supplying it to the auxiliary turbine, adjusting the ratio of steam withdrawn upstream of said surface to steam withdrawn downstream of said surface in accordance with differences between the temperature of said mixed steam and the temperature of steam tapped at said low pressure stage for values of said tapped steam temperature above a lower limit, and adjusting said ratio in accordance with differences between the temperature of said mixed steam and a fixed temperature for temperatures of steam tapped at said low pressure stage below said lower limit.
  • apparatus for the supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine comprising means to withdraw steam from a stage of said low pressure turbine, separate means to Withdraw steam both upstream and downstream of said surface, and valve means included in at least one of said separate withdrawal means.
  • apparatus for the supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine comprising means to withdraw steam from a stage of said low pressure turbine, separate means to withdraw steam both upstream and downstream of said surface, a separate valve in each of said last-named separate withdrawal means, and means to shift the settings of said valves differentially as a function of the temperature of steam flowing into said auxiliary turbine.
  • apparatus for the supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine comprising means to withdraw steam from a stage of said low pressure turbine, separate means to withdraw steam both upstream and downstream of said surface, a separate valve in each of said last-named separate withdrawal means, and means to shift the settings of said valves differentially as a function of the temperature of steam flowing into said auxiliary turbine for values of said temperature above a lower limit.
  • a steam power plant having a steam channel including a high pressure turbine, a steam reheating surface and a low pressure turbine all connected in series in said channel, apparatus for the supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine, said apparatus comprising means to withdraw steam from said low pressure turbine, separate means to withdraw steam from said channel upstream and downstream of said surface, a separate flow control means in each of said last-named separate withdrawal means, a delivery conduit leading into said auxiliary turbine, said delivery conduit connecting with said withdrawal means, a valve in said delivery conduit, means responsive to the opening of said valve to generate a pressure reference signal, means to develop a signal representative of the pressure in said delivery conduit, servomechanism responsive to differences between said pressure representative and pressure reference signals to adjust both of said flow control means in the same sense, separate means to develop signals representative of the temperature of said delivery conduit and of said first-named withdrawal means, and servo-mechanism responsive to differences between said last-named two signals to adjust said flow control means in opposite senses.
  • apparatus for the supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine comprising means to tap steam from a stage of said low pressure turbine, separate branch conduits for withdrawal of steam from said channel upstream and downstream of said surface, a separate flow control means in each of said branch conduits, a delivery conduit leading into said auxiliary turbine, said delivery conduit connecting with said tapping means and with said branch conduits, a valve in said delivery conduit, means responsive to the opening of said valve to generate a pres sure reference signal, means to develop a signal representative of the pressure in said delivery conduit, servomechanism responsive to differences between said pressure representative and pressure reference signals to adjust both of said flow control means in the same sense, separate means to develop signals representative of the temperature of said delivery conduit and of said tapping means, means to develop a signal representative of a lower limit for the temperature of said tapping means, means to select between the signal representative of the temperature of said tapping means and the signal
  • apparatus for the supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine comprising a tapping conduit for withdrawal of steam from a stage of said low pressure turbine, separate branch conduits for withdrawal of steam from said channel upstream and downstream of said surface, a separate valve in each of said branch conduits, a check valve in said tapping conduit, a delivery conduit leading into said auxiliary turbine, said delivery conduit connecting with said tapping conduit and with said branch conduits, a valve in said delivery conduit, means responsive to the opening of said last-named valve to generate a pressure reference signal, means to develop a signal representative of the pressure in said delivery conduit upstream of the valve therein, servo-mechanism responsive to differences between said pressure representative and pressure reference signals to adjust in the same sense the valves of said branch conduits, separate means to develop signals representative of the temperature of said delivery conduit and of said tapping conduit, means to develop a signal representative of a lower limit for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US348140A 1963-03-01 1964-02-28 Method and apparatus for supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine in a steam power plant Expired - Lifetime US3271960A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH270363A CH401096A (de) 1963-03-01 1963-03-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Speisung einer Hilfsturbine in einer Dampfkraftanlage

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US3271960A true US3271960A (en) 1966-09-13

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US348140A Expired - Lifetime US3271960A (en) 1963-03-01 1964-02-28 Method and apparatus for supply of steam to an auxiliary turbine in a steam power plant

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US (1) US3271960A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE644476A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH401096A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1280262B (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES296945A1 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB994766A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL6401929A (en, 2012)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3488961A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-01-13 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for regulating a steam heating-power plant
US3732692A (en) * 1971-02-05 1973-05-15 H Norell Energy beam generator
US3797249A (en) * 1972-01-06 1974-03-19 Thermo Electron Corp Automatic vapor engine start-up
US20050247056A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-10 United Technologies Corporation Startup and control methods for an orc bottoming plant
US20120151917A1 (en) * 2009-04-18 2012-06-21 Bjoern Ungerer Steam power plant having solar collectors
US20150330628A1 (en) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-19 Alstom Technology Ltd Oxy boiler power plant with a heat integrated air separation unit
US9915424B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2018-03-13 General Electric Technology Gmbh Coal fired Oxy plant with Flue Gas Heat Recovery
US10006634B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2018-06-26 General Electric Technology Gmbh Coal fired oxy plant with air separation unit including parallel coupled heat exchanger
US10203112B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2019-02-12 General Electric Technology Gmbh Oxy boiler power plant oxygen feed system heat integration

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108361080A (zh) * 2018-02-28 2018-08-03 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 系统异常导致汽轮机带负荷能力下降的分析方法

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1125946B (de) * 1959-12-23 1962-03-22 Sulzer Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entnahme ueberhitzten Dampfes in einer Dampfkraftanlage mit Zwischenueberhitzung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3488961A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-01-13 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for regulating a steam heating-power plant
US3732692A (en) * 1971-02-05 1973-05-15 H Norell Energy beam generator
US3797249A (en) * 1972-01-06 1974-03-19 Thermo Electron Corp Automatic vapor engine start-up
US20050247056A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-10 United Technologies Corporation Startup and control methods for an orc bottoming plant
US7200996B2 (en) * 2004-05-06 2007-04-10 United Technologies Corporation Startup and control methods for an ORC bottoming plant
US9745964B2 (en) * 2009-04-18 2017-08-29 General Electric Technology Gmbh Steam power plant having solar collectors
US20120151917A1 (en) * 2009-04-18 2012-06-21 Bjoern Ungerer Steam power plant having solar collectors
US20150330628A1 (en) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-19 Alstom Technology Ltd Oxy boiler power plant with a heat integrated air separation unit
US9915424B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2018-03-13 General Electric Technology Gmbh Coal fired Oxy plant with Flue Gas Heat Recovery
US10001279B2 (en) * 2014-05-08 2018-06-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh Oxy boiler power plant with a heat integrated air separation unit
US10006634B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2018-06-26 General Electric Technology Gmbh Coal fired oxy plant with air separation unit including parallel coupled heat exchanger
KR101878536B1 (ko) * 2014-05-08 2018-07-13 제네럴 일렉트릭 테크놀러지 게엠베하 열 통합형 공기 분리 유닛을 갖는 순산소 보일러 발전소
US10203112B2 (en) 2014-05-08 2019-02-12 General Electric Technology Gmbh Oxy boiler power plant oxygen feed system heat integration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6401929A (en, 2012) 1964-09-02
DE1280262B (de) 1968-10-17
BE644476A (en, 2012) 1964-08-28
GB994766A (en) 1965-06-10
CH401096A (de) 1965-10-31
ES296945A1 (es) 1964-05-16

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