US3267204A - Barrier effect insulator - Google Patents

Barrier effect insulator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3267204A
US3267204A US391222A US39122264A US3267204A US 3267204 A US3267204 A US 3267204A US 391222 A US391222 A US 391222A US 39122264 A US39122264 A US 39122264A US 3267204 A US3267204 A US 3267204A
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insulator
sapphire
barrier effect
crystals
sintering compound
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US391222A
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Dan W Peters
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SRI International Inc
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Stanford Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/56—Insulating bodies
    • H01B17/66—Joining insulating bodies together, e.g. by bonding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/025—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of glass or ceramic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/06—Oxidic interlayers
    • C04B2237/062—Oxidic interlayers based on silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/09—Ceramic interlayers wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/125—Metallic interlayers based on noble metals, e.g. silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/62—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising holes, channels or other types of openings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/84—Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/21—Circular sheet or circular blank

Definitions

  • An object of this invention is to provide an insulator which has a higher value of insulation than that heretofore obtainable.
  • Yet another object of this invention is the provision of an insulator which maintains its insulating capability despite its being elevated to a high temperature.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel and useful insulator.
  • Electrodes may be attached to opposite surfaces of the two sapphire crystals and the value of insulation between them is the maximum obtainable.
  • two sapphire crystals respectively 12, 14, which have two flat faces are sintered together using a sintering compound.
  • the sintering compound 16 is applied between the two opposite flat faces of the sapphire crystals 12, 14.
  • the sapphire crystals are shown as two discs, by way of example, but not by way of limitation.
  • An example of a sintering compound which has been used and produces excellent results consists of a mixture of calcium carbonate and 50% silicon dioxide, which is in fine powder form and which is mixed in distilled water.
  • a thin film of the sintering material is laid on one of the two fiat sapphire faces near the second disc and is pressed onto the first disc producing a thin boundary 16 between the two sapphire discs.
  • the discs are then fired in air at 1750" C. for three hours, and then allowed to cool slowly. This produces a rugged bond between the two sapphire discs.
  • platinum or gold electrodes respectively 18, 20 may be airfired onto the two exposed sapphire faces, although this is not necessary.
  • carrier flow within the insulator between opposite faces is greatly inhibited.
  • Conductivity measurements show the multiple crystal material to have a conductivity at 800 C. which is at least six orders more than solid sapphire at the same temperature.
  • the solid sapphire has been the best insulator available heretofore.
  • the increased insulation effect is attributed to the barrier which is developed at the sintered layer.
  • An insulator comprising two sapphire crystals each having a face, a sintering compound joining said two crystals at their respective faces, said sintering compound comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Description

Aug. 16, 1966 D. w. PETERS 3,267,204
BARRIER EFFECT INSULATOR Filed Aug. 21, 1964 SAPPHHZE.
g-cALcluM CARBON/1T6 (50%) PLUS SILICON 010x105 (50%) SAPPHiRI-L /A/l/E/VTOR DAN 14 PE rE/ s United States Patent 3,267,204 BARRIER EFFECT INSULATOR Dan W. Peters, Mountain View, Calif., assignor to Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif., a corporation of California Filed Aug. 21, 1964, Ser. No. 391,222 2 Claims. (Cl. 174-137) In high voltage measuring equipment or in equipment for measuring electrostatic voltages in which a minimum of current leakage is desired, such as electrometers, there is a need for insulators having as high a value of insulation as it is possible to obtain. It is also desirable in many applications wherein high temperatures exist to maintain the value of insulation despite the existence of high temperatures.
An object of this invention is to provide an insulator which has a higher value of insulation than that heretofore obtainable.
Yet another object of this invention is the provision of an insulator which maintains its insulating capability despite its being elevated to a high temperature.
Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel and useful insulator.
These and other objects of the invention may be achieved by sintering together with a specific sintering compound made of calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide, two sapphire crystals. Electrodes may be attached to opposite surfaces of the two sapphire crystals and the value of insulation between them is the maximum obtainable.
The novel features that are considered characteristic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself both as to its organization and method of operation, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing, which is a drawing of an embodiment of the invention.
In accordance with this invention, two sapphire crystals respectively 12, 14, which have two flat faces, are sintered together using a sintering compound. The sintering compound 16 is applied between the two opposite flat faces of the sapphire crystals 12, 14. The sapphire crystals are shown as two discs, by way of example, but not by way of limitation.
An example of a sintering compound which has been used and produces excellent results consists of a mixture of calcium carbonate and 50% silicon dioxide, which is in fine powder form and which is mixed in distilled water. A thin film of the sintering material is laid on one of the two fiat sapphire faces near the second disc and is pressed onto the first disc producing a thin boundary 16 between the two sapphire discs. The discs are then fired in air at 1750" C. for three hours, and then allowed to cool slowly. This produces a rugged bond between the two sapphire discs. If desired for supporting contacts, platinum or gold electrodes respectively 18, 20, may be airfired onto the two exposed sapphire faces, although this is not necessary. As a result of the barrier layer, carrier flow within the insulator between opposite faces is greatly inhibited.
Conductivity measurements show the multiple crystal material to have a conductivity at 800 C. which is at least six orders more than solid sapphire at the same temperature. The solid sapphire has been the best insulator available heretofore. The increased insulation effect is attributed to the barrier which is developed at the sintered layer.
There has accordingly been described and shown herein a novel, useful and improved method and means for making an insulator.
What is claimed is:
1. An insulator comprising two sapphire crystals each having a face, a sintering compound joining said two crystals at their respective faces, said sintering compound comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide.
2. An insulator as recited in claim 1 wherein said sintering compound is a mixture of 50% calcium carbonate and 50% silicon dioxide.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,548,344 4/ 1951 Buerger et al. 156-325 X 3,121,035 2/1964 Heinze 174-137 X LARAMIE E. ASKIN, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN INSULATOR COMPRISING TWO SAPPHIRE CRYSTALS EACH HAVING A FACE, A SINTERING COMPOUND JOINING SAID TWO CRYSTALS AT THEIR RESPECTIVE FACES, SAID SINTERING COMPOUND COMPRISING A MIXTURE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE AND SILICON DIOXIDE.
US391222A 1964-08-21 1964-08-21 Barrier effect insulator Expired - Lifetime US3267204A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3525898A (en) * 1968-11-18 1970-08-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Basing cement for electric lamps and similar devices,and stress-relieving base structure utilizing such cement
US3859714A (en) * 1973-01-12 1975-01-14 Nasa Bonding of sapphire to sapphire by eutectic mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide
US4155475A (en) * 1974-09-17 1979-05-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Bonding of sapphire to sapphire by eutectic mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide
USH878H (en) * 1986-06-30 1991-01-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force High voltage insulators for long, linear switches
US20140160648A1 (en) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-12 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Panel and method for manufacuring the same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2548344A (en) * 1949-02-23 1951-04-10 Owens Illinois Glass Co Process of cementing plastically deformable bodies and products thereof
US3121035A (en) * 1959-07-07 1964-02-11 Philips Corp High temperature electric insulator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2548344A (en) * 1949-02-23 1951-04-10 Owens Illinois Glass Co Process of cementing plastically deformable bodies and products thereof
US3121035A (en) * 1959-07-07 1964-02-11 Philips Corp High temperature electric insulator

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3525898A (en) * 1968-11-18 1970-08-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Basing cement for electric lamps and similar devices,and stress-relieving base structure utilizing such cement
US3859714A (en) * 1973-01-12 1975-01-14 Nasa Bonding of sapphire to sapphire by eutectic mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide
US4155475A (en) * 1974-09-17 1979-05-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Bonding of sapphire to sapphire by eutectic mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide
USH878H (en) * 1986-06-30 1991-01-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force High voltage insulators for long, linear switches
US20140160648A1 (en) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-12 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Panel and method for manufacuring the same
US9521790B2 (en) * 2012-12-10 2016-12-13 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Panel and method for manufacturing the same

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