US3260062A - Storage systems - Google Patents

Storage systems Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3260062A
US3260062A US401158A US40115864A US3260062A US 3260062 A US3260062 A US 3260062A US 401158 A US401158 A US 401158A US 40115864 A US40115864 A US 40115864A US 3260062 A US3260062 A US 3260062A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tank
pressure
vapor
valve
valve means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US401158A
Inventor
James J Mitchell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Texas Eastern Transmission Corp
Original Assignee
Texas Eastern Transmission Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Texas Eastern Transmission Corp filed Critical Texas Eastern Transmission Corp
Priority to US401158A priority Critical patent/US3260062A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3260062A publication Critical patent/US3260062A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/005—Underground or underwater containers or vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F17C2223/045—Localisation of the removal point in the gas with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/045—Localisation of the filling point in the gas with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/021—Avoiding over pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery

Definitions

  • This invention relates to storage systems, and more particularly to liquid storage systems having an substantial boilotf in which the system is protected against excess differential pressure being exerted across the storage tank.
  • Another object is to provide a large liquid storage tank which utilizes a compressor for withdrawing boi-loff from the liquids with a system for controlling the pressure with in the tank relative to the outside pressure Without shutting down the compressor.
  • Another object is to provide a system as in the preceding object with means for adding vapor or venting vapor from the tank if the control system is incapable of quickly reducing a pressure differential across the tank wall.
  • Another object is to provide a storage system as in the preceding two objects with a final two-way safety valve which, after all other controls have proved inadequate, will open the tank to atmosphere and, thus, reduce the pressure differential between the interior and exterior of the tank.
  • the drawing is a single figure, partly in cross-section and partly in elevation, illustrating the preferred form of this invention.
  • This invention is particularly adapted for use in connection with the storage of liquefied natural gas, and the description will be related to the storage of liquefied natural gas. It will be understood that other liquids may be stored in a tank and the invention find usefulness in protecting the tank against a diiferential in the same manner as where liquefied natural gas is stored.
  • the tank indicated generally at is preferably positioned with a portion of the tank below ground level. However, it will be understood that the tank may be entirely above ground level.
  • the tank includes a layer of internal insulation material 11 to control transmission of heat. It will be noted that the insulation material 11a forms a false roof in the tank. The insulation material is such that there is free communication between the tank above and below the false roof 11a. For all practical purposes, the area above insulation 11a and below the dome 10a of the tank is a dead vapor space.
  • Liquefied natural gas is introduced into the tank through the conduit 12 and is withdrawn from the tank by the pump indicated generally at 13 which delivers the liquefied natural gas to the line .14.
  • a system for maintaining the pressure in the tank Within a selected range of the barometric pressure outside of the tank.
  • This system includes the vapor withdrawal line 15 for removing vapors from the tank, and the vapor return line 16 for returning vapors to the tank. Both of these lines are connected to the tank with the end of the line being above the normal maximum liquid level so that they will be circulating vapors only. It will be appreciated, however, that the vapor return line could extend below the liquid level as it could discharge vapors into the liquid withoutaifectin-g the system.
  • the vapor return line 16 is connected to the vapor-withdrawal line 15 at point '17, so that these two lines may be in communication.
  • Means for transferring vapors which may be one or more compressors 20, are provided in the vapor-withdrawal line 15 between the tank and point 17 and, in accordanoe with this invention, are run continuously. Normally, two compressors would be provided, with one being on standby.
  • a first valve means 18 is provided in the vapor-withdrawal line 15 downstream of the connection with the vapor-return line 16, that is, at point 17. This valve 'controls the amount of vapors which are transferred by the compressor 20 to the liquefaction plant for reliquefying and returning to the tank through the line 12.
  • a second valve means 19 is provided in the vapor-return line 16, and controls the amount of vapors which is returned to the tank by the compressor 20. It will be apparent that the relative settings of the two valves 18' and 19 may thus be used to return all of the withdrawn vapors to the tank, transmit all of the withdrawn vapors to liquefaction, or any intermediate division of vapors so that a part is returned and a part is sent to liquefaction.'
  • Means are provided for controlling the setting of the valves 18 and 19 to maintain the pressure in the vapor pressure readings and attempts to maintain the pressure within the tank at a selected value relative to the barometric pressure outside of the tank.
  • the controller 21 signals the motors 18a and 19a to reposition the valves 18 and 19 to vary the amount of vapor being returned to the tank.
  • the controller 21 utilizes instrument air via conduit 21a to operate the motors 18a and 19a and, as the pressure differential across the tank top 10a changes, the instrument air pressure to the motors 18a and 1911 will be changed.
  • the instruv ment air could increase in pressure with an increase in external pressure relative to internal pressure. With such increase in pressure, it is desired to return more of the withdrawn vapors to the tank, and the motor 18a will be of the type which will move the valve 18 more toward closed position with an increase in instrument air pressure.
  • the motor 19a will be opposite in construction, so that with an increase in instrument air pressure it will tend to open the valve 19.
  • the compressor 20 may be run continuously and the controller 21 will vary the setting of valves 18 and 19 as necessary to maintain the pressure within the vapor space in the tank at a selective value relative to outside barometric pressure.
  • This system will take care of normal boiloff and changes in boilofi? due to changes in ambient temperature, as well as most pressure changes which are required due to changes in barometric pressure outside of the tank.
  • a vent system is provided for flaring some of the vapors to reduce the pressure within the tank.
  • This system includes the vent line 24 which is controlled by the valve 25.
  • a suitable controller 26 senses the pressure within the tank immediately below the dome through line 28. When the pressure within the tank relative to the barometric pressure outside of the tank is greater than a selected value, the valve 25 is opened by controller 26 and the vapor is flared through the flare tower indicated generally at 27.
  • auxiliary gas will be of suitable composition to the vapors within the tank so that no contamination will result.
  • the tank will be located adjacent a pipeline and auxiliary gas may be obtained from a pipeline.
  • the auxiliary gas will be available at many different sources within the liquefaction facilities and is piped to the tank through line 28.
  • the line 28 is controlled by the valve 29, which in turn is governed by the action of controller 21.
  • Instrument air pressure through supply line 21a is fed to the selector relay 30 which controls the motor 29a associated with valve 29.
  • the selector relay is so arranged that the pressure at which it operates motor 29a to open valve 29 is one at which the valve 18 has been closed by the motor 18a, and all of the vapors being withdrawn from the tank are recirculated to the tank.
  • the selector relay 30 will insure that the valve 29 is closed, at any time that valve 18 is opened, so that the warm pad gas will not be introduced into the tank during any time that recirculating vapors are available for maintaining the pressure in the tank.
  • auxiliary pressure control provided by the flare system and by auxiliary gas is insuflicient to take care of a sudden dangerous pressure differential between interior and exterior of the tank in either direction
  • a two-way valve 31 on top of the tank which will open in either direction in response to a selected relatively high diflerential across the tank top.
  • This type of control is only utilized when all of the systems provided are incapable of immediately releasing the pressure differential because when external pressure is high, operation of this valve permits contamination of the vapors Within the tank with outside air and may provide an explosive mixture. Additional explanation of operation of valve 31 due to high and low barometric pressure is detailed in subsequent paragraphs.
  • valve 18 and 19 will be returned to an equilibrium position.
  • valve 25 In the event that the closing of the valve 19 and opening of valve 18 is not suflicient to bring the pressure within the tank down rapidly enough, then the controller 26 will open valve 25 and some of the vapors Will be flared to atmosphere. Of course, if the drop in barometric pressure is so rapid and so drastic that the tank is placed in danger and is not relieved by the flare system, then the valve 31 will open and a large opening for release of vapors Will be provided to protect the tank. As soon as the excess vapors are released, the valve 31 will close and thereafter the valve 25 of the flare system will be closed and the system returned to control by movement of valves 18 and 19.
  • the controller 21 In the event of a large increase in barometric pressure, the controller 21 would close valve 18 and open valve 19 all the way. Then, if the normal boilofl? of the liquid within the tank is sufficient to provide the necessary increase in internal pressure, the remainder of the control system would remain inactive. In the event normal boilotf is not sutficient, then the selector relay 30 would open valve 29 and auxiliary gas would be introduced to raise the pressure within the tank. In the event that these means for raising pressure are insuflicient, then as a final stage the valve 31 would open and permit air to flow into the tank to equalize pressure.
  • a storage system comprising,
  • a vapor return line connected to said tank and to said vapor withdrawal line downstream of said compressor
  • pressure control means including a motor for each valve means and a controller sensing pressure outside said tank and in the vapor space above the maximum liquid level in said tank for moving said first valve means setting toward more closed position and said second valve means setting toward more open position with a reduction in pressure in the vapor space in said tank relative to the pressure outside said tank and vice versa.
  • a storage system comprising,
  • a vapor return line connected to said tank and to said vapor Withdrawal line downstream of said compressor
  • valve and pressure control means including a motor for each valve means and a controller sensing pressure outside said tank and in the vapor space above the maximum liquid level in said tank for moving said first valve means setting toward more closed position and said second valve means setting toward more open position with a reduction in pressure in the vapor space in said tank relative to the pressure outside said tank and vice versa,
  • valve control vent means means is provided for said tank, and pressure-responsive References Cited by the Examiner means normally maintains said vent means valve closed 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS and opens said vent means valve when the pressure within the vapor space in said tank exceeds the pressure out- 3150495 9/1964 Reed 62 54 side said tank by a selected amount. 3191395 6/1965 Mahel' et 62 54 4.
  • a normally closed 3210953 10/1965 Reed emergency two-way valve is provided in the tank and opens when the pressure differential across the tank top 10 ROBERT OLEARY Prima'y Examiner

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

y 1966 J. J. MITCHELL 3,260,062
STORAGE SYSTEMS Filed Oct. 2, 1964 ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,260,062 STORAGE SYSTEMS James J. Mitchell, Houston, Tex., assignor to Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation, Shreveport, La., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 2, 1964, Ser. No. 401,158 4 Claims. (Cl. 6254) This invention relates to storage systems, and more particularly to liquid storage systems having an substantial boilotf in which the system is protected against excess differential pressure being exerted across the storage tank.
It is an object of this invention to protect a large tank from internal or external changes in pressure.
Another object is to provide a large liquid storage tank which utilizes a compressor for withdrawing boi-loff from the liquids with a system for controlling the pressure with in the tank relative to the outside pressure Without shutting down the compressor.
Another object is to provide a system as in the preceding object with means for adding vapor or venting vapor from the tank if the control system is incapable of quickly reducing a pressure differential across the tank wall.
Another object is to provide a storage system as in the preceding two objects with a final two-way safety valve which, after all other controls have proved inadequate, will open the tank to atmosphere and, thus, reduce the pressure differential between the interior and exterior of the tank.
. Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the drawing, the specification and the claims.
The drawing is a single figure, partly in cross-section and partly in elevation, illustrating the preferred form of this invention.
This invention is particularly adapted for use in connection with the storage of liquefied natural gas, and the description will be related to the storage of liquefied natural gas. It will be understood that other liquids may be stored in a tank and the invention find usefulness in protecting the tank against a diiferential in the same manner as where liquefied natural gas is stored.
The tank indicated generally at is preferably positioned with a portion of the tank below ground level. However, it will be understood that the tank may be entirely above ground level. The tank includes a layer of internal insulation material 11 to control transmission of heat. It will be noted that the insulation material 11a forms a false roof in the tank. The insulation material is such that there is free communication between the tank above and below the false roof 11a. For all practical purposes, the area above insulation 11a and below the dome 10a of the tank is a dead vapor space.
Liquefied natural gas is introduced into the tank through the conduit 12 and is withdrawn from the tank by the pump indicated generally at 13 which delivers the liquefied natural gas to the line .14.
i In accordance with this invention, a system is provided for maintaining the pressure in the tank Within a selected range of the barometric pressure outside of the tank. This system includes the vapor withdrawal line 15 for removing vapors from the tank, and the vapor return line 16 for returning vapors to the tank. Both of these lines are connected to the tank with the end of the line being above the normal maximum liquid level so that they will be circulating vapors only. It will be appreciated, however, that the vapor return line could extend below the liquid level as it could discharge vapors into the liquid withoutaifectin-g the system. The vapor return line 16 is connected to the vapor-withdrawal line 15 at point '17, so that these two lines may be in communication.
Means for transferring vapors, which may be one or more compressors 20, are provided in the vapor-withdrawal line 15 between the tank and point 17 and, in accordanoe with this invention, are run continuously. Normally, two compressors would be provided, with one being on standby.
A first valve means 18 is provided in the vapor-withdrawal line 15 downstream of the connection with the vapor-return line 16, that is, at point 17. This valve 'controls the amount of vapors which are transferred by the compressor 20 to the liquefaction plant for reliquefying and returning to the tank through the line 12.
A second valve means 19 is provided in the vapor-return line 16, and controls the amount of vapors which is returned to the tank by the compressor 20. It will be apparent that the relative settings of the two valves 18' and 19 may thus be used to return all of the withdrawn vapors to the tank, transmit all of the withdrawn vapors to liquefaction, or any intermediate division of vapors so that a part is returned and a part is sent to liquefaction.'
Means are provided for controlling the setting of the valves 18 and 19 to maintain the pressure in the vapor pressure readings and attempts to maintain the pressure within the tank at a selected value relative to the barometric pressure outside of the tank.
In accordance with the differences in pressures inside and outside the tank, the controller 21 signals the motors 18a and 19a to reposition the valves 18 and 19 to vary the amount of vapor being returned to the tank.
In the preferred form, the controller 21 utilizes instrument air via conduit 21a to operate the motors 18a and 19a and, as the pressure differential across the tank top 10a changes, the instrument air pressure to the motors 18a and 1911 will be changed. For instance, the instruv ment air could increase in pressure with an increase in external pressure relative to internal pressure. With such increase in pressure, it is desired to return more of the withdrawn vapors to the tank, and the motor 18a will be of the type which will move the valve 18 more toward closed position with an increase in instrument air pressure. The motor 19a will be opposite in construction, so that with an increase in instrument air pressure it will tend to open the valve 19. Of course, as the instrument air pressure decreases due to pressure in the tank increasing relative to external pressure, the opposite effect would be obtained, so that with a reduction in external pressure relative to internal pressure the valve 18 would be moved to more open position and the valve 19 to more closed position to reduce the internal tank pressure. 7 With the above explained construction, the compressor 20 may be run continuously and the controller 21 will vary the setting of valves 18 and 19 as necessary to maintain the pressure within the vapor space in the tank at a selective value relative to outside barometric pressure. This system will take care of normal boiloff and changes in boilofi? due to changes in ambient temperature, as well as most pressure changes which are required due to changes in barometric pressure outside of the tank.
In the event that the control system thus far explained 1 is incapable of handling a sudden differential of pressure brought on by any condition such as a sudden large change in barometric pressure, means are provided for Supplementing the pressure control provided by the two valves 18 and 19. In the event the pressure within the tank is too high due to a sudden fall in barometric pressure, a vent system is provided for flaring some of the vapors to reduce the pressure within the tank. This system includes the vent line 24 which is controlled by the valve 25. A suitable controller 26 senses the pressure within the tank immediately below the dome through line 28. When the pressure within the tank relative to the barometric pressure outside of the tank is greater than a selected value, the valve 25 is opened by controller 26 and the vapor is flared through the flare tower indicated generally at 27.
In the event the pressure inside of the tank drops to a value too low for the system controlled by valves 18 and 19 to handle, then means are provided for introducing auxiliary gas into the tank to bring the pressure up. This auxiliary gas will be of suitable composition to the vapors within the tank so that no contamination will result. For instance, the tank will be located adjacent a pipeline and auxiliary gas may be obtained from a pipeline. In practice, the auxiliary gas will be available at many different sources within the liquefaction facilities and is piped to the tank through line 28.
The line 28 is controlled by the valve 29, which in turn is governed by the action of controller 21. Instrument air pressure through supply line 21a is fed to the selector relay 30 which controls the motor 29a associated with valve 29. The selector relay is so arranged that the pressure at which it operates motor 29a to open valve 29 is one at which the valve 18 has been closed by the motor 18a, and all of the vapors being withdrawn from the tank are recirculated to the tank. On the other hand, the selector relay 30 will insure that the valve 29 is closed, at any time that valve 18 is opened, so that the warm pad gas will not be introduced into the tank during any time that recirculating vapors are available for maintaining the pressure in the tank.
In the event that the auxiliary pressure control provided by the flare system and by auxiliary gas is insuflicient to take care of a sudden dangerous pressure differential between interior and exterior of the tank in either direction, there is provided a two-way valve 31 on top of the tank which will open in either direction in response to a selected relatively high diflerential across the tank top. This type of control is only utilized when all of the systems provided are incapable of immediately releasing the pressure differential because when external pressure is high, operation of this valve permits contamination of the vapors Within the tank with outside air and may provide an explosive mixture. Additional explanation of operation of valve 31 due to high and low barometric pressure is detailed in subsequent paragraphs.
In explaining the operation of the device, We may assume that a front moves over and causes a sudden drop in pressure. Up until this time, we may assume that the system has been running on equilibrium with a portion of the vapor being returned to the tank and a portion of the vapor going to liquefaction facilities to be reliquefied and returned to the tank. When the sudden drop in pressure occurs, the sensing element 22 will record this drop,
. and the controller 21 will move the valve 18 toward open position and the valve .19 toward closed position, so that vapors will be withdrawn from the tank to reduce its pressure. If the system is able to cope with the drop in pressure and bring the tank down to the proper pressure, it will do so and, when the pressures have been brought to the desired state, the valves 18 and 19 will be returned to an equilibrium position.
In the event that the closing of the valve 19 and opening of valve 18 is not suflicient to bring the pressure within the tank down rapidly enough, then the controller 26 will open valve 25 and some of the vapors Will be flared to atmosphere. Of course, if the drop in barometric pressure is so rapid and so drastic that the tank is placed in danger and is not relieved by the flare system, then the valve 31 will open and a large opening for release of vapors Will be provided to protect the tank. As soon as the excess vapors are released, the valve 31 will close and thereafter the valve 25 of the flare system will be closed and the system returned to control by movement of valves 18 and 19.
In the event of a large increase in barometric pressure, the controller 21 would close valve 18 and open valve 19 all the way. Then, if the normal boilofl? of the liquid within the tank is sufficient to provide the necessary increase in internal pressure, the remainder of the control system would remain inactive. In the event normal boilotf is not sutficient, then the selector relay 30 would open valve 29 and auxiliary gas would be introduced to raise the pressure within the tank. In the event that these means for raising pressure are insuflicient, then as a final stage the valve 31 would open and permit air to flow into the tank to equalize pressure.
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction, may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A storage system comprising,
a storage tank,
a vapor withdrawal line connected to said tank above the maximum liquid level,
a compressor in said line,
a vapor return line connected to said tank and to said vapor withdrawal line downstream of said compressor,
first valve means in said vapor withdrawal line downstream of the connection with said vapor return line,
second valve means in said vapor return line,
and pressure control means including a motor for each valve means and a controller sensing pressure outside said tank and in the vapor space above the maximum liquid level in said tank for moving said first valve means setting toward more closed position and said second valve means setting toward more open position with a reduction in pressure in the vapor space in said tank relative to the pressure outside said tank and vice versa.
2. A storage system comprising,
a storage tank,
a vapor withdrawal line connected to said tank above the maximum liquid level,
a compressor in said line,
a vapor return line connected to said tank and to said vapor Withdrawal line downstream of said compressor,
first valve means in said vapor withdrawal line downstream of the connection with said vapor return line,
second valve means in said vapor return line,
a source of gas,
a supply line connecting said source and said tank,
third valve means controlling said supply line,
and pressure control means including a motor for each valve means and a controller sensing pressure outside said tank and in the vapor space above the maximum liquid level in said tank for moving said first valve means setting toward more closed position and said second valve means setting toward more open position with a reduction in pressure in the vapor space in said tank relative to the pressure outside said tank and vice versa,
said pressure control means normally maintaining said third valve means closed and opening said third valve means and completely closing said first valve means when pressure within said tank vapor space drops to a selected value less than pressure outside exceeds a selected amount which is greater than can be said tank. equalized by said pressure control means and said vent 3. The system of claim '2 wherein valve control vent means. means is provided for said tank, and pressure-responsive References Cited by the Examiner means normally maintains said vent means valve closed 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS and opens said vent means valve when the pressure within the vapor space in said tank exceeds the pressure out- 3150495 9/1964 Reed 62 54 side said tank by a selected amount. 3191395 6/1965 Mahel' et 62 54 4. The system of claim 3 wherein a normally closed 3210953 10/1965 Reed emergency two-way valve is provided in the tank and opens when the pressure differential across the tank top 10 ROBERT OLEARY Prima'y Examiner

Claims (1)

1. A STORAGE SYSTEM COMPRISING, A STORAGE TANK, A VAPOR WITHDRAWAL LINE CONNECTED TO SAID TANK ABOVE THE MAXIMUM LIQUID LEVEL, A COMPRESSOR IN SAID LINE, A VAPOR RETURN LINE CONNECTED TO SAID TANK AND TO SAID VAPOR WITHDRAWAL LINE DOWNSTREAM OF SAID COMPRESSOR, FIRST VALVE MEANS IN SAID VAPOR WITHDRAWAL LINE DOWNSTREAM OF THE CONNECTION WITH SAID VAPOR RETURN LINE, SECOND VALVE MEANS IN SAID VAPOR RETURN LINE, AND PRESSURE CONTROL MEANS INCLUDING A MOTOR FOR EACH VALVE MEANS AND A CONTROLLER SENSING PRESSURE OUTSIDE SAID TANK AND IN THE VAPOR SPACE ABOVE THE MAXIMUM LIQUID LEVEL IN SAID TANK FOR MOVING SAID FIRST VALVE MEANS SETTING TOWARD MORE CLOSED POSITION AND SAID SECOND VALVE MEANS SETTING TOWARD MORE OPEN POSITION WITHA REDUCTION IN PRESSURE IN THE VAPOR SPACE IN SAID TANK RELATIVE TO THE PRESSURE OUTSIDE SAID TANK AND VICE VERSA.
US401158A 1964-10-02 1964-10-02 Storage systems Expired - Lifetime US3260062A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US401158A US3260062A (en) 1964-10-02 1964-10-02 Storage systems

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US401158A US3260062A (en) 1964-10-02 1964-10-02 Storage systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3260062A true US3260062A (en) 1966-07-12

Family

ID=23586557

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US401158A Expired - Lifetime US3260062A (en) 1964-10-02 1964-10-02 Storage systems

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3260062A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577739A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-05-04 Freuhauf Corp Method and apparatus for transporting liquefied gas
US20190178448A1 (en) * 2016-08-17 2019-06-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for Operating a Valve of a Pressure Vessel System, and Pressure Vessel System
US20200103040A1 (en) * 2018-09-27 2020-04-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy System and Method for Protecting a Pressure Vessel from Excessive Differential Pressure

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3150495A (en) * 1962-08-09 1964-09-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Storage and pressure control of refrigerated liquefied gases
US3191395A (en) * 1963-07-31 1965-06-29 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Apparatus for storing liquefied gas near atmospheric pressure
US3210953A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-10-12 Phillips Petroleum Co Volatile liquid or liquefied gas storage, refrigeration, and unloading process and system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3150495A (en) * 1962-08-09 1964-09-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Storage and pressure control of refrigerated liquefied gases
US3210953A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-10-12 Phillips Petroleum Co Volatile liquid or liquefied gas storage, refrigeration, and unloading process and system
US3191395A (en) * 1963-07-31 1965-06-29 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Apparatus for storing liquefied gas near atmospheric pressure

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577739A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-05-04 Freuhauf Corp Method and apparatus for transporting liquefied gas
US20190178448A1 (en) * 2016-08-17 2019-06-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for Operating a Valve of a Pressure Vessel System, and Pressure Vessel System
US11372430B2 (en) * 2016-08-17 2022-06-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a valve of a pressure vessel system, and pressure vessel system
US20200103040A1 (en) * 2018-09-27 2020-04-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy System and Method for Protecting a Pressure Vessel from Excessive Differential Pressure
US10865899B2 (en) * 2018-09-27 2020-12-15 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy System and method for protecting a pressure vessel from excessive differential pressure

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5421161A (en) Storage system for cryogenic fluids
US3043331A (en) Pressure controller
US3210953A (en) Volatile liquid or liquefied gas storage, refrigeration, and unloading process and system
CA1129308A (en) Pipeline surge relief system
US1905971A (en) Process and apparatus for refrigeration with liquefied fuel gas
US3260062A (en) Storage systems
US2747374A (en) Liquefied gas system
CN110425417A (en) Nitrogen supply system suitable for large-scale liquid propellant rocket engine test
US2958204A (en) Liquid oxygen converter
NO323121B1 (en) Method and apparatus for securing a vessel's cargo area against overpressure
US2023569A (en) Automatic and manual carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system including selector valve
US2972873A (en) System for loading and unloading liquefied gases from tankers
US2916889A (en) Automatic purging of liquid methane tanks
USRE22272E (en) Pressure control system for aircraft cabins
US2434956A (en) Liquid oxygen "walkaround" unit
CN110410665A (en) A kind of liquefied gas at low temp tank car unloading system
CN215569710U (en) Hydrogenation system for preventing pipeline at rear end of hydrogen storage cylinder group from being blocked by ice
US3269385A (en) Vaporization system
US2975724A (en) Intermittent gas-lift system
US3105361A (en) Zero gravity vent system
US3362177A (en) Vapor pressure control in liquefied gas dispensing
US3009479A (en) Safety shutoff for helium supplies
US3014490A (en) Fluid control system and apparatus
US3376802A (en) Tracking loop for aircraft cabin pressure regulating system
US2588656A (en) Method of and apparatus for treating gases