US3260060A - Dewar for liquid air and/or other multicomponent cryogenic liquids - Google Patents

Dewar for liquid air and/or other multicomponent cryogenic liquids Download PDF

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US3260060A
US3260060A US394099A US39409964A US3260060A US 3260060 A US3260060 A US 3260060A US 394099 A US394099 A US 394099A US 39409964 A US39409964 A US 39409964A US 3260060 A US3260060 A US 3260060A
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pressure
vessel
cryogenic
liquid
multicomponent
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Richard S Paulinkonis
Matlow George
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Ryan Industries Inc
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Ryan Industries Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/014—Suspension means
    • F17C2203/018—Suspension means by attachment at the neck
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0509—"Dewar" vessels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cryogenic Dewar, and more particularly to an insulated storage vessel for housing multi-component mixtures such as, for example, liquid air of standard concentration of 79% N and 21% 0
  • the invention thus has application in the cryogenic field for storing liquefied gases with boiling points considerable below ambient air temperature requiring provisions for the control of consistency in concentration. In particular, this is important in storing standard liquefied air for an extended duration.
  • Cyrogenic storage vessels for other liquefied gases are designed with insulated jackets to permit as little as possible heat flow into the liquid in order to prevent excess vaporization. Since it is physically impossible to completely eliminate heat leak into the stored liquid, the formation of vapor gradually raises the pressure in the vessel, which eventually would burst the container unless provided with vent valves and/or pressure relief devices.
  • Automatic pressure relief devices normally are spring loaded safety relief valves and/or vent valves which reseat at some lower pressure after venting the accumulated excess vapor without adverse effect to the remaining liquid in the storage tank.
  • Liquid air is a binary fluid composed of nitrogen and oxygen, and as such responds differently to the heat leak. Due to the dilfereuce of partial pressures more nitrogen vaporizes than oxygen and the resultant vapor composition is nitrogen rich; i.e., while liquid phase air at 30 p.s.i.a. is 71% mol N and 29% mol O vapor phase air is 92% mol N and 8% mol 0 It should be apparent from the above that if liquid air converted to vapor were allowed to escape through the safety relief valve, the remaining liquid would gradually become oxygen rich. Such change in composition of liquid air is undersirable from both safety and product consistency standpoints. To insure product consistency when storing multicomponent mixtures and/or binary fluids, such as liquid air, means, other than venting vapor, must be employed.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a cryogenic vessel which entails such means and fulfills the requirements of storing binary, and/or m-u-lticomponent mixtures of cryogenic fluids such as liquid air, without venting more volatile vapor such as nitrogen-rich gas from the vapor space, more effectively than other current or proposed vessel designs.
  • liquid air is housed in a well insulated, jacketed Dewar '1, shown in the figure.
  • fluid may be pressure-driven in liquid form from the container via the line 9 and valve shown at the top right of the figure for use downstream of such valve.
  • Air or other gas moving from the valve 7 may simply be vented to atmosphere.
  • Pilot line 8 is in direct communication with vapor space 2, and as such provides accurate control of opening vent valve 7 when pressure in the said vapor space 2 increases above that allowed, and of closing said vent valve 7 when the pressure in said vapor space 2 drops. Since the process of condensing vapors with subsequent lowering pressure in the cryogenic vessel is penformed within the vessel proper and independent of ambient conditions, it provides means of the most efficient operation in the composition control of multicomponent cryogenic fluids and as such provides new type of Dewar design, construction, and operation.
  • a cryogenic vessel In cryogenic storage apparatus that can relieve pressure build-up while maintaining composition consistency of a multicomponent liquid whose components differ in volatility, a cryogenic vessel, an internally located heat exchanger comprising large size tubular conduit means shaped and positioned to establish a heat-exchanging surface within the ul-lage space of the vessel, pressure-reducer orifice means, means for supplying fluid from the vessel interior to said pressure-reducer orifice means, said heat exchanger conduit means leading from said pressure-reducer orifice means and being connected to vent means exterior of the vessel, means for opening and closing said vent means in response to rises and drops of the pressure within the vessel.
  • cryogenic storage apparatus that can relieve pressure build-up while maintaining composition consistency of a multicomponent liquid whose components differ in volatility
  • a cryogenic vessel heat exchanger means within the ullage space of the vessel for absorbing heat from said ullage space, a pressure-reducer device discharging into said heat exchanger means, means for supplying fiuid from the vessel interior to said pressure-reducer device, said heat exchanger means leading from said pressure-reducer device and being connected to vent means exterior of the vessel.
  • cryogenic storage apparatus that can relieve pressure build-up while maintaining composition consistency of a multicomponent liquid whose components differ in volatility
  • a cryogenic vessel heat exchanger means within the u'llage space of the vessel for absorbing heat from said ullage space, a pressure-reducer device discharging into said heat exchanger means, means for supplying fluid from the vessel interior to said pressure-reducer device, said heat exchanger means leading from said pressurereducer device and being connected to vent means exterior of the vessel, means for opening and closing said vent means in response to rises and drops of the pressure Within the vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

' y 12, 1965 R. s. PAULIUKONIS ETAL" 3,250,050
DEWAR FOR LIQUID AIR AND/0R OTHER MULTICOMPONENT CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS Filed Aug. 26, 1964 INVENTORS RICHARD $.Pnuuuxoms G ORGE M now ATTORNEYS 3,260,060 DEWAR FOR LIQUID AIR AND/R OTHER MULTICOMPONENT CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS Richard S. Pauliukonis and George Matlow, Cleveland,
Ohio, assignors to Ryan Industries, Inc., Cleveland,
Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Filed Aug. 26, 1964, Ser. No. 394,099 3 Claims. (Cl. 62-45) This invention relates to cryogenic Dewar, and more particularly to an insulated storage vessel for housing multi-component mixtures such as, for example, liquid air of standard concentration of 79% N and 21% 0 The invention thus has application in the cryogenic field for storing liquefied gases with boiling points considerable below ambient air temperature requiring provisions for the control of consistency in concentration. In particular, this is important in storing standard liquefied air for an extended duration.
Cyrogenic storage vessels for other liquefied gases, such as monocomponent liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, and other pure gases, are designed with insulated jackets to permit as little as possible heat flow into the liquid in order to prevent excess vaporization. Since it is physically impossible to completely eliminate heat leak into the stored liquid, the formation of vapor gradually raises the pressure in the vessel, which eventually would burst the container unless provided with vent valves and/or pressure relief devices. Automatic pressure relief devices normally are spring loaded safety relief valves and/or vent valves which reseat at some lower pressure after venting the accumulated excess vapor without adverse effect to the remaining liquid in the storage tank.
Liquid air, however, is a binary fluid composed of nitrogen and oxygen, and as such responds differently to the heat leak. Due to the dilfereuce of partial pressures more nitrogen vaporizes than oxygen and the resultant vapor composition is nitrogen rich; i.e., while liquid phase air at 30 p.s.i.a. is 71% mol N and 29% mol O vapor phase air is 92% mol N and 8% mol 0 It should be apparent from the above that if liquid air converted to vapor were allowed to escape through the safety relief valve, the remaining liquid would gradually become oxygen rich. Such change in composition of liquid air is undersirable from both safety and product consistency standpoints. To insure product consistency when storing multicomponent mixtures and/or binary fluids, such as liquid air, means, other than venting vapor, must be employed.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a cryogenic vessel which entails such means and fulfills the requirements of storing binary, and/or m-u-lticomponent mixtures of cryogenic fluids such as liquid air, without venting more volatile vapor such as nitrogen-rich gas from the vapor space, more effectively than other current or proposed vessel designs.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds in accordance with the drawing.
In a suitable embodiment, liquid air is housed in a well insulated, jacketed Dewar '1, shown in the figure.
Instead of venting directly to outside the accumulated vapor from the ullage space or vapor space, identified United States Patent 0 ice by 2, liquid is flowed via diptube conduit 3 into the orifice 4 and the heat exchanger, so that venting occurs through the heat exchange. Flow through the orifice 4 is associated with pressure reduction and expansion of the fluid which, as should be obvious, flashes from the liquid to the gaseous state. This in turn provides fluid in exchanger tube 5 of temperature low enough to condense vapor external to the exchange tube in space 2. Such heat exchange condenses vapor in the vapor space 2 and lowers the pressure within the pressure vessel 6. In the illustrated embodiment, and in acordance with conventional practice, fluid may be pressure-driven in liquid form from the container via the line 9 and valve shown at the top right of the figure for use downstream of such valve. Air or other gas moving from the valve 7 (as indicated by the arrow toward the top left of the figure) may simply be vented to atmosphere.
The liquid expanded in said orifice 4 and flowed via said exchange tube 5 for condensation of external vapors at 2, receives heat from condensate, vaporizes at constant pressure which is lower than the tank pressure, and escapes via externally mounted, pilot activated vent valve 7.
Pilot line 8 is in direct communication with vapor space 2, and as such provides accurate control of opening vent valve 7 when pressure in the said vapor space 2 increases above that allowed, and of closing said vent valve 7 when the pressure in said vapor space 2 drops. Since the process of condensing vapors with subsequent lowering pressure in the cryogenic vessel is penformed within the vessel proper and independent of ambient conditions, it provides means of the most efficient operation in the composition control of multicomponent cryogenic fluids and as such provides new type of Dewar design, construction, and operation.
We claim as our invention:
1. In cryogenic storage apparatus that can relieve pressure build-up while maintaining composition consistency of a multicomponent liquid whose components differ in volatility, a cryogenic vessel, an internally located heat exchanger comprising large size tubular conduit means shaped and positioned to establish a heat-exchanging surface within the ul-lage space of the vessel, pressure-reducer orifice means, means for supplying fluid from the vessel interior to said pressure-reducer orifice means, said heat exchanger conduit means leading from said pressure-reducer orifice means and being connected to vent means exterior of the vessel, means for opening and closing said vent means in response to rises and drops of the pressure within the vessel.
2. In cryogenic storage apparatus that can relieve pressure build-up while maintaining composition consistency of a multicomponent liquid whose components differ in volatility, a cryogenic vessel, heat exchanger means within the ullage space of the vessel for absorbing heat from said ullage space, a pressure-reducer device discharging into said heat exchanger means, means for supplying fiuid from the vessel interior to said pressure-reducer device, said heat exchanger means leading from said pressure-reducer device and being connected to vent means exterior of the vessel.
3. In cryogenic storage apparatus that can relieve pressure build-up while maintaining composition consistency of a multicomponent liquid whose components differ in volatility, a cryogenic vessel, heat exchanger means within the u'llage space of the vessel for absorbing heat from said ullage space, a pressure-reducer device discharging into said heat exchanger means, means for supplying fluid from the vessel interior to said pressure-reducer device, said heat exchanger means leading from said pressurereducer device and being connected to vent means exterior of the vessel, means for opening and closing said vent means in response to rises and drops of the pressure Within the vessel.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS Weaver 62-49 Preston 625O Kasbohm et a1 6Q50 X Carney 62-45

Claims (1)

  1. 2. IN CRYOGENIC STORAGE APPARATUS THAT CAN RELIEVE PRESSURE BUILD-UP WHILE MAINTAINING COMPOSITION CONSISTENCY OF A MULTICOMPONENT LIQUID WHOSE COMPONENTS DIFFER IN VOLATILITY, A CRYOGENIC VESSEL, HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS WITHIN THE ULLAGE SPACE OF THE VESSEL FOR ABSORBING HEAT FROM SAID ULLAGE SPACE, A PRESSURE-REDUCER DEVICE DISCHARGING INTO SAID HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS, MEANS FOR SUPPLYING FLUID FROM THE VESSEL INTERIOR TO SAID PRESSURE-REDUCER DEVICE, SAID HEAT EXCHANGER MEANS LEADING FROM SAID PRESSURE-REDUCER DEVICE AND BEING CONNECTED TO VENT MEANS EXTERIOR OF THE VESSEL.
US394099A 1964-08-26 1964-08-26 Dewar for liquid air and/or other multicomponent cryogenic liquids Expired - Lifetime US3260060A (en)

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Cited By (13)

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US4350017A (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-09-21 Varian Associates, Inc. Cryostat structure
US4783969A (en) * 1986-07-30 1988-11-15 Penox Technologies, Inc. Cryogenic withdrawal apparatus and method
US5579646A (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-12-03 The Boc Group, Inc. Cryogen delivery apparatus
EP0770816A2 (en) 1995-10-25 1997-05-02 The Boc Group, Inc. Apparatus for storing a multi-component cryogenic liquid
EP0982530A2 (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-03-01 The Boc Group, Inc. Storing and dispensing a liquid mixture containing oxygen
US6279326B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-08-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Transportable device for storing and supplying cryogenic fluid, more particularly medical oxygen
US7201002B1 (en) * 2003-04-21 2007-04-10 Cryogenic Group, Inc. Anti-weathering apparatus method for liquid and vapor storage systems
US20070130962A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Blalock Clayton E System and Method for Storing Cryogenic Liquid Air
US20070204650A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Cirucci John F Self-contained distillation purifier/superheater for liquid-fill product container and delivery systems
JP2012246981A (en) * 2011-05-26 2012-12-13 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp Liquefied hydrogen storage and supply facility
US20130008185A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Newman Michael D Cryogen cylinder
US20190218440A1 (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-07-18 Technical Institute Of Physics And Chemistry, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Cryogenic liquid medium
EP3674593A1 (en) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-01 Chart Inc. Vapor pressure regulator for cryogenic liquid storage tanks and tanks including the same

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US2436411A (en) * 1945-12-11 1948-02-24 John A Weaver Portable liquid oxygen unit
US2528780A (en) * 1946-01-31 1950-11-07 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for dispensing liquefied gases
US3121999A (en) * 1961-06-26 1964-02-25 Union Carbide Corp Dilution system for evaporation gas
US3178897A (en) * 1963-04-24 1965-04-20 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

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US2436411A (en) * 1945-12-11 1948-02-24 John A Weaver Portable liquid oxygen unit
US2528780A (en) * 1946-01-31 1950-11-07 Linde Air Prod Co Apparatus for dispensing liquefied gases
US3121999A (en) * 1961-06-26 1964-02-25 Union Carbide Corp Dilution system for evaporation gas
US3178897A (en) * 1963-04-24 1965-04-20 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic apparatus

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350017A (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-09-21 Varian Associates, Inc. Cryostat structure
US4783969A (en) * 1986-07-30 1988-11-15 Penox Technologies, Inc. Cryogenic withdrawal apparatus and method
US5579646A (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-12-03 The Boc Group, Inc. Cryogen delivery apparatus
EP0770816A2 (en) 1995-10-25 1997-05-02 The Boc Group, Inc. Apparatus for storing a multi-component cryogenic liquid
EP0982530A2 (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-03-01 The Boc Group, Inc. Storing and dispensing a liquid mixture containing oxygen
EP0982530A3 (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-11-29 The Boc Group, Inc. Storing and dispensing a liquid mixture containing oxygen
US6279326B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-08-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Transportable device for storing and supplying cryogenic fluid, more particularly medical oxygen
US7201002B1 (en) * 2003-04-21 2007-04-10 Cryogenic Group, Inc. Anti-weathering apparatus method for liquid and vapor storage systems
US20070130962A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Blalock Clayton E System and Method for Storing Cryogenic Liquid Air
US20070204650A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Cirucci John F Self-contained distillation purifier/superheater for liquid-fill product container and delivery systems
US7481074B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-01-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Self-contained distillation purifier/superheater for liquid-fill product container and delivery systems
JP2012246981A (en) * 2011-05-26 2012-12-13 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp Liquefied hydrogen storage and supply facility
US20130008185A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Newman Michael D Cryogen cylinder
US20190218440A1 (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-07-18 Technical Institute Of Physics And Chemistry, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Cryogenic liquid medium
US10696884B2 (en) * 2017-09-12 2020-06-30 Technical Institute Of Physics And Chemistry, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Cryogenic liquid medium
EP3674593A1 (en) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-01 Chart Inc. Vapor pressure regulator for cryogenic liquid storage tanks and tanks including the same
US11566753B2 (en) 2018-12-27 2023-01-31 Chart Inc. Vapor pressure regulator for cryogenic liquid storage tanks and tanks including the same

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