US3259867A - Liquid resistance, especially for electrical circuit breakers - Google Patents

Liquid resistance, especially for electrical circuit breakers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3259867A
US3259867A US328931A US32893163A US3259867A US 3259867 A US3259867 A US 3259867A US 328931 A US328931 A US 328931A US 32893163 A US32893163 A US 32893163A US 3259867 A US3259867 A US 3259867A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
receptacles
liquid
resistance
liquid conductor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US328931A
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English (en)
Inventor
Latour Andre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/161—Variable impedances
    • H01H33/162—Liquid resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/02—Liquid resistors

Definitions

  • an absorbing resistance for electrical interrupters comprising at least one group of two electrodes connected by a liquid conductor of small depth, the contact surface with the liquid'of the one or more electrodes of at least one of the two poles of the resistance being small relative to the average section traversed by the current in the liquid conductor, so that the ohmic value of the resistance increases strongly when the density of the current at this surface exceeds a predetermined value, causing the formation of a gaseous sheath between these electrodes and the liquid.
  • the liquid conductor of a group of conductors is disposed between two receptacles of insulating material in the form of a plate or dish, nested one into the other in such a manner as to leave between them only a thin layer of liquid.
  • this may be obtained by adding to the conducting liquid bodies which, under the influence of the heat discharge by the current in the vicinity of the electrode, are decomposed into inert gases and which recombine with difficulty.
  • one may also dispose, according to another feature of the invention, in the vicinity of the electrode solid bodies whose gaseous decomposition pro ducts provide the same effect under the action of heat.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates diagrammatically the application of the resistance according to the invention to a circuit breaker
  • FIG. 2 shows an axial section through a resistance according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a sub-assembly according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of a sub-assembly according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section of a sub-assembly according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates diagrammatically a circuit breaker according to the invention, the main interrupter being illustrated at 11.
  • This interrupter is shunted by the liquid resistance 12 comprising two electrodes immersed in a conducting liquid, the contact surface between these electrodes and the liquid being small relative to the average section traversed by the current in the liquid.
  • the resistance 12 is connected in series with the insulating interrupter 13 which is in the closed position when the main interrupter is closed.
  • the voltage applied to the resistance 12 is too weak to cause the development of the gaseous sheath which insulates the electrodes.
  • the voltage surges and causes an influx of current in the shunt circuit which causes an acceleration of the arc extinction and maintains the voltage at the terminals of interrupter 11 at a small value for a brief moment. This permits the de-ionization devices of interrupter 11 to build a di-electric barrier which is sufficient to prevent definitely any re-lighting of the arc.
  • the voltage continues its surge to the terminals of resistance 12 and creates a current which increases until the moment where the gaseous insulating sheath appears around the electrodes of resistance 12, which causes the limitation or extinction of the current.
  • the insulating interrupter 13 opens thereafter and permits thus a return to the initial stage of resistance 12. All this takes place as if at the breaking moment the main interrupter 11 were shunted by a resistance of small ohmic value becoming infinite or at least very large before the opening of the insulating interrupter.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 represent in section and in plan view an embodiment of a resistance according to the invention.
  • the resistance consists of a stack of receptacles 14 of insulating material of conical form nested one into the other in the manner of a stack of plates and containing each a certain quantity of conducting liquid L.
  • the base of each receptacle is traversed in a tight manner by an electrode 15 disposed preferably eccentrically and in such a manner that one of the extremities is immersed in the liquid of its own receptacle while the other extremity is immersed in the liquid of the following receptacle.
  • the eccentric arrangement permits a placement of one electrode alternately to the right and to the left of the median plane of the figure of the drawing which permits a reasonable spacing of the electrodes with a minimum hindrance in height.
  • partition 16, 17 of insulating material disposed preferably as baffles, and having the effect of ex may thus serve the role of electrodes.
  • the receptacles 14 are only partially filled with liquid. This permits the provision of an expansion chamber 18 which limits the excess pressures during the operation of the apparatus.
  • a seal 19 is provided between adjacent receptacles.
  • a gaseous exchange with the outside atmosphere. This effect is obtained by constituting the joint from a material which is impermeable to liquids, but which is permeable to gas, for example a mineral felt treated with silicon.
  • FIGURE 4 represents another embodiment according to which the insulating receptacles are replaced by metallic receptacles 20 which may serve themselves as electrodes.
  • metallic receptacles 20 which may serve themselves as electrodes.
  • the outer surfaces and the inner surfaces of each receptacle are protected by a coating, an envelope or a layer of insulating material 21, 22.
  • Each envelope is provided with openings 23 and 24 disposed eccentrically in such a manner that an opening 23 of an outer envelope corresponds, in the same bath of conducting liquid but on the other side of the median plane of the figure, with an opening 24 in an inner envelope.
  • FIGURE 5 represents this type of arrangement.
  • a porous partition is illustrated at 25, the brackets 26, 27 serving to fix the partition in position.
  • FIGURES 2 through 5 the resistance is shown in the form of a stack of identical elements.
  • the elements are combined and interconnected in any suitable manner.
  • the stack may be lodged on the inside of an insulating tube whose ends serve to support the two extremities of the stack.
  • the conducting liquid will preferably be chosen among the electrolytes which are good conductors, for example a solution of sulphuric acid.
  • the gaseous sheath is formed primarily of oxygen and hydrogen which, after the disappearance of the current, recombine very rapidly and create a void and consequently an almost instantaneous return of the liquid around the electrode. This phenomenon may be troublesome because it corresponds to a premature and useless picking up of the current.
  • colloidal carbon will produce during operation carbon monoxide which, in the presence of hydrogen, leads to a re-,
  • FIG- URE 4- is a good example of this arrangement, the envelope 22 being made of a suitable gaseous material.
  • the edges of openings 23, 24 act under the etfect of heat as an annular source of gas tending to maintain the gaseous bubble interposed between the liquid and the electrode.
  • each receptacle may contain more than one pair of electrodes.
  • each pole of a cell may comprise two or more electrodes connected in parallel.
  • An electrical device comprising at least one group of two electrodes respectively provided on two adjacent dish shaped electrically insulated receptacles each of said receptacles having generally the same size and shape and having walls defining a closed bottom flaring to define an open top substantially larger than said closed bottom, said receptacles being disposed one above the other, a liquid conductor in the lower of said receptacles, and said receptacles being nested one within the other with their bottoms and their electrodes in spaced relationship, the bottom of the upper receptacle being immersed in said liquid conductor to provide between said receptacles only a shallow depth of said liquid conductor which is substantially less than the height of said walls, and said electrodes extending into said liquid conductor so as to provide an electric current path between said electrodes through said liquid conductor.
  • Device including seals disposed between parts of said nested receptacles located above said liquid conductor, said seals being impermeable to said liquid conductor but permeable to gas for allowing a gas exchange between said closed chambers andthe atmosphere.
  • Device according to claim 1 including bafile means interposed between said electrodes.
  • a device in which the electrode provided on the upper receptacle traverses the bottom thereof.
  • a device in which the electrode provided on the lower receptacle traverses the bottom thereof.
  • An electric resistance comprising a plurality of groups as set forth in claim 1, said groups being disposed one above the other and nested one in the other in such a manner that the lower receptacle of one group and the upper receptacles of the adjacent group nested thereunder constitute a group as set forth in claim 1, each of said electrodes being exposed to the exterior and interior of the respective receptacle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US328931A 1962-12-12 1963-12-09 Liquid resistance, especially for electrical circuit breakers Expired - Lifetime US3259867A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE500613 1962-12-12

Publications (1)

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US3259867A true US3259867A (en) 1966-07-05

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ID=3844741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US328931A Expired - Lifetime US3259867A (en) 1962-12-12 1963-12-09 Liquid resistance, especially for electrical circuit breakers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3259867A (ru)
BE (1) BE626002A (ru)
CH (1) CH405473A (ru)
GB (1) GB1057070A (ru)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US876918A (en) * 1903-12-10 1908-01-14 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Circuit-breaker.
US1175452A (en) * 1911-02-21 1916-03-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Lightning-arrester.
US1394971A (en) * 1918-01-10 1921-10-25 Gen Electric Protective device
US1694223A (en) * 1923-06-19 1928-12-04 Balt Mfg Co Electric switch
US2399715A (en) * 1943-09-25 1946-05-07 Gen Motors Corp Signal system
US2449439A (en) * 1946-11-01 1948-09-14 Gen Motors Corp Mercury interrupter
GB621001A (en) * 1946-02-19 1949-04-01 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Improvements in or relating to devices for controlling electric current circuits

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US876918A (en) * 1903-12-10 1908-01-14 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Circuit-breaker.
US1175452A (en) * 1911-02-21 1916-03-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Lightning-arrester.
US1394971A (en) * 1918-01-10 1921-10-25 Gen Electric Protective device
US1694223A (en) * 1923-06-19 1928-12-04 Balt Mfg Co Electric switch
US2399715A (en) * 1943-09-25 1946-05-07 Gen Motors Corp Signal system
GB621001A (en) * 1946-02-19 1949-04-01 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Improvements in or relating to devices for controlling electric current circuits
US2449439A (en) * 1946-11-01 1948-09-14 Gen Motors Corp Mercury interrupter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE626002A (ru)
CH405473A (fr) 1966-01-15
GB1057070A (en) 1967-02-01

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