US3257792A - Wire sawing strand and method of making - Google Patents

Wire sawing strand and method of making Download PDF

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US3257792A
US3257792A US88364A US8836461A US3257792A US 3257792 A US3257792 A US 3257792A US 88364 A US88364 A US 88364A US 8836461 A US8836461 A US 8836461A US 3257792 A US3257792 A US 3257792A
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strand
wires
diameter
wire
cross
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Robert F Joy
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Bethlehem Steel Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F7/00—Twisting wire; Twisting wire together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
    • B23D61/18—Sawing tools of special type, e.g. wire saw strands, saw blades or saw wire equipped with diamonds or other abrasive particles in selected individual positions
    • B23D61/185—Saw wires; Saw cables; Twisted saw strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D65/00—Making tools for sawing machines or sawing devices for use in cutting any kind of material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2019—Strands pressed to shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
    • D07B7/027—Postforming of ropes or strands

Definitions

  • These strands are usually made by spirally twisting round or irregularly shaped strips whereby flutes or voids are provided to carry the abrasive material that actually does the cutting. customarily, the lay or twist of the strand is reversed at intervals by reversing the direction of rotation of the stranding machine.
  • An object of the invention- is to provide a multiple wire strand that has large abrasive carrying capacity.
  • Another object is to provide a strand that affords a large surface to initially contact the stone to be cut.
  • Another object is to provide an inexpensive and simple method of producing the saw strands.
  • FIGURE 1 is an elevational view illustrating a stranding machine and die set-up embodying the preferred method of producing a 2-wire saw strand;
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged elevation view of a portion of the 2-wire saw strand, showing the strand before and after shaping according to my invention
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a general diagrammatic arrangement of the equipment used to perform easily the objects of this invention as embodied in a two-wire strand.
  • Two standard round wires 1 and 2 pass from the stranding machine 5, which twists the wires, through a closing die 6 to form a strand 7, a portion of which is shown in FIGURE 2.
  • the strand is passed through straightener rollers 8 to equalize the inherent strains from the twisting operation and then passes through a round compression die 9 to form the strand 10, a portion of which is shown in FIGURE 2. Addition of compression die 9 is the only deviation from a normal stranding operation.
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the general shape of the wires 1 and 2 after stranding but before passing through the compression die 9.
  • wires 1' and 2' are wires 1 and 2 respectively after they have been compressed. It will be seen that wires 1' and 2' have been flattened to a substantially elliptical shape and that their outer surfaces 11' and 12 have radii corresponding to the radius of the compression die 9 and larger than the radii of the original round wires 1 and 2. These larger outer surfaces afford more area of working contact when the strand is initially moved acrossa flat surface of stone and the improved strand will cut efficiently at the start of the sawing operation. It will be noted that the flutes or channels 13 and 14 between the wires are large relative to the working areas 11' and 12 and afford very good abrasive carrying qualities.
  • the size used most commonly, I prefer to use ice a compression die having a diameter of approximately 93% the diameter of the 2-wire strand.
  • the diameter of the die may vary between 88% and 98% of the diameter of the strand, depending upon the size and number of wires of saw strand desired.
  • a stone saw comprising two wires spirally twisted to form a strand, each of the wires being of substantially elliptical shape in cross-section with a major diameter and a minor diameter, two ends of said minor diameters of said wires being flattened and in contact with each other along the axis of said strand, each of the other ends of said minor diameters of said wires forming an outer surface of said strand, said outer .surfaces of each of said wires having a radius equal to the radius of the strand.
  • a stone sawing implement comprising a pair of wires twisted together, each of said wires being substantially ovaliform in cross section, with their major axes extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the pair of wires, the inner peripheries being substantially flat and parallel to the said major axes, the peripheries adjacentthe inner peripheries defining substantial areas for the carrying of water and abrasives.
  • a stone sawing implement comprising two wires only, the wires being twisted together longitudinally to form a strand, each of said wires having at any cross section thereof a substantially ovaliform shape with its major axis parallel to the major axis of the other, the innermost peripheries of the wires being flat and touching each other throughout the length of each inner periphery, the outermost peripheries of said wires being arcuate and lying on the arc of a common circle, the diameter of said circle being smaller than the sum of two second diameters, each of the second diameters being the diameter of a wire of circular cross section having the same areas as each of said wires of the strand, and the transverse peripheries adjacent the inner peripheries defining a recess of substantial area for carrying water and abrasives.
  • a stone sawing implement comprising two wires only, the wires being twisted together longitudinally to form a strand, each of said wires having at any cross section thereof a substantially ovaliform shape with its major axis parallel to the major axis of the other, and its minor axis perpendicular to its major axis, the said ovaliform shape being symmetrical about its minor axis, the innermost peripheries of the wires being flat and touching each other throughout the length of each inner periphery, the outermost peripheries of said wires being arcuate and lying on the arc of a common circle, the diameter of said circle being smaller than the sum of two second diameters, each of the second diameters being the diameter of a wire of circular cross section having the same area as each of said wires of the strand, and the transverse peripheries adjacent the inner peripheries defining a recess of substantial area for carrying water and abrasives.
  • a wire stone sawing strand comprising two wires stranded together with relatively "deep spiral channels er length than said flat portions, the distance from the 10 bottom of each channel taken on a radius from said longitudinal axis to a circle including said circular outer portions being greater than the length of said fiat portions.
  • a method of producing a stone sawing implement comprising the steps of twisting together a pair of wires of circular cross section to form a strand, and then subjecting the twisted wires of the strand to a reshaping operation changing the cross 'sectional shape of each wire from a circular shape to a substantially ovaliform shape having the same cross sectional area with the major axes of the reshaped wires extending in parallel relation to each other across the longitudinal axis of the strand, the reshaped wires being contiguous with each other,-the
  • a method of producing a stone sawing implement comprising the steps of twisting together a pair of wires of circular cross section to form a strand, and then drawing the strand through a circular die, the diameter of which is less than the sum of the diameters of the wires of circular cross section to change the cross sectional shape of each wire from a circular shape to a substantially ovaliform shape having the same cross sectional area such that the major axes'of the reshaped wires extend in parallel relation to each other across the longitudinal axis of the strand, the reshaped wires being contiguous with each other, the outer peripheries of said reshaped wires forming cutting surfaces, the diameter of said die being such that substantial recessed areas spiralling between the wires are retained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Description

June 28, 1966 R. F. JOY
WIRE SAWING STRAND AND METHOD OF MAKING Filed Feb. 10, 1961 2 a ask/v6 [N6 015 MHC'H/NE R O m V m Robe/*2 [Joy BY WW ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,257,792 WIRE SAWING STRAND AND METHOD OF MAKING Robert F. Joy, Bethlehem, Pa., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Bethlehem Steel Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Filed Feb. 10, 1961, Ser. No. 88,364 7 Claims. (Cl. 57139) This invention relates to an improved wire sawing strand that is particularly useful for cutting blocks of granite, marble, slate, and other materials.
These strands are usually made by spirally twisting round or irregularly shaped strips whereby flutes or voids are provided to carry the abrasive material that actually does the cutting. customarily, the lay or twist of the strand is reversed at intervals by reversing the direction of rotation of the stranding machine.
An object of the invention-is to provide a multiple wire strand that has large abrasive carrying capacity.
Another object is to provide a strand that affords a large surface to initially contact the stone to be cut.
Another object is to provide an inexpensive and simple method of producing the saw strands.
Other objects will become apparent from the following specification and attached drawing which shows the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIGURE 1 is an elevational view illustrating a stranding machine and die set-up embodying the preferred method of producing a 2-wire saw strand;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged elevation view of a portion of the 2-wire saw strand, showing the strand before and after shaping according to my invention;
FIGURE 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along line 3-3 of FIGURE 2, of a 2-wire strand that has not been compressed;
FIGURE 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, along line 44 of FIGURE 2, of a 2-wire strand that has been compressed.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawing.
With reference to the drawing, FIGURE 1 illustrates a general diagrammatic arrangement of the equipment used to perform easily the objects of this invention as embodied in a two-wire strand. Two standard round wires 1 and 2 pass from the stranding machine 5, which twists the wires, through a closing die 6 to form a strand 7, a portion of which is shown in FIGURE 2. The strand is passed through straightener rollers 8 to equalize the inherent strains from the twisting operation and then passes through a round compression die 9 to form the strand 10, a portion of which is shown in FIGURE 2. Addition of compression die 9 is the only deviation from a normal stranding operation. FIGURE 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the general shape of the wires 1 and 2 after stranding but before passing through the compression die 9. In FIGURE 4, wires 1' and 2' are wires 1 and 2 respectively after they have been compressed. It will be seen that wires 1' and 2' have been flattened to a substantially elliptical shape and that their outer surfaces 11' and 12 have radii corresponding to the radius of the compression die 9 and larger than the radii of the original round wires 1 and 2. These larger outer surfaces afford more area of working contact when the strand is initially moved acrossa flat surface of stone and the improved strand will cut efficiently at the start of the sawing operation. It will be noted that the flutes or channels 13 and 14 between the wires are large relative to the working areas 11' and 12 and afford very good abrasive carrying qualities.
In order to form a two-wire saw strand of .25" diameter, the size used most commonly, I prefer to use ice a compression die having a diameter of approximately 93% the diameter of the 2-wire strand. However, the diameter of the die may vary between 88% and 98% of the diameter of the strand, depending upon the size and number of wires of saw strand desired.
As an example of my invention, two 0.135" diameter wires were spirally twisted to form a strand of 0.27" diameter. This strand was then compressed by a die to form a strand 'of cross-sectional shape shown in FIG- URE 4 and of 0.25" diameter, a reduction of approximately 7%. This saw strand was made with the lay or twist being reversed every 25 feet in length, and the lay length, the axial pitch or length of one twist, being about 0.9.
While I have described my invention as embodied in a two-wire strand, the invention is not to be considered as limited to that number of wires.
I claim:
1. A stone saw comprising two wires spirally twisted to form a strand, each of the wires being of substantially elliptical shape in cross-section with a major diameter and a minor diameter, two ends of said minor diameters of said wires being flattened and in contact with each other along the axis of said strand, each of the other ends of said minor diameters of said wires forming an outer surface of said strand, said outer .surfaces of each of said wires having a radius equal to the radius of the strand.
2. A stone sawing implement comprising a pair of wires twisted together, each of said wires being substantially ovaliform in cross section, with their major axes extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the pair of wires, the inner peripheries being substantially flat and parallel to the said major axes, the peripheries adjacentthe inner peripheries defining substantial areas for the carrying of water and abrasives.
3. A stone sawing implement comprising two wires only, the wires being twisted together longitudinally to form a strand, each of said wires having at any cross section thereof a substantially ovaliform shape with its major axis parallel to the major axis of the other, the innermost peripheries of the wires being flat and touching each other throughout the length of each inner periphery, the outermost peripheries of said wires being arcuate and lying on the arc of a common circle, the diameter of said circle being smaller than the sum of two second diameters, each of the second diameters being the diameter of a wire of circular cross section having the same areas as each of said wires of the strand, and the transverse peripheries adjacent the inner peripheries defining a recess of substantial area for carrying water and abrasives.
4. A stone sawing implement comprising two wires only, the wires being twisted together longitudinally to form a strand, each of said wires having at any cross section thereof a substantially ovaliform shape with its major axis parallel to the major axis of the other, and its minor axis perpendicular to its major axis, the said ovaliform shape being symmetrical about its minor axis, the innermost peripheries of the wires being flat and touching each other throughout the length of each inner periphery, the outermost peripheries of said wires being arcuate and lying on the arc of a common circle, the diameter of said circle being smaller than the sum of two second diameters, each of the second diameters being the diameter of a wire of circular cross section having the same area as each of said wires of the strand, and the transverse peripheries adjacent the inner peripheries defining a recess of substantial area for carrying water and abrasives.
5. A wire stone sawing strand comprising two wires stranded together with relatively "deep spiral channels er length than said flat portions, the distance from the 10 bottom of each channel taken on a radius from said longitudinal axis to a circle including said circular outer portions being greater than the length of said fiat portions.
6. A method of producing a stone sawing implement comprising the steps of twisting together a pair of wires of circular cross section to form a strand, and then subjecting the twisted wires of the strand to a reshaping operation changing the cross 'sectional shape of each wire from a circular shape to a substantially ovaliform shape having the same cross sectional area with the major axes of the reshaped wires extending in parallel relation to each other across the longitudinal axis of the strand, the reshaped wires being contiguous with each other,-the
. outer peripheries of said reshaped wires forming cutting surfaces. 7
7. A method of producing a stone sawing implement comprising the steps of twisting together a pair of wires of circular cross section to form a strand, and then drawing the strand through a circular die, the diameter of which is less than the sum of the diameters of the wires of circular cross section to change the cross sectional shape of each wire from a circular shape to a substantially ovaliform shape having the same cross sectional area such that the major axes'of the reshaped wires extend in parallel relation to each other across the longitudinal axis of the strand, the reshaped wires being contiguous with each other, the outer peripheries of said reshaped wires forming cutting surfaces, the diameter of said die being such that substantial recessed areas spiralling between the wires are retained.
' References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 251,114 12/1881 Hallidie 205-162 2,156,652 5/1939 Harris 12521 2,856,914 10/1958 Dessureau 12521 2,876,761 3/1959 Stevens 12521 2,884,692 5/1959 Haase et al. 57-156 FOREIGN PATENTS 665,719 1 0/ 1938 Germany.
14,121 8/1891 Great Britain.
MERVIN STEIN, Primary Examiner.
RUSSEL C. MADER, FRANK E. BAILEY, FRAN T. BURROUGH, Examiners.
I. E. PEELE, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A STONE SAW COMPRISING TWO WIRES SPIRALLY TWISTED TO FORM A STRAND, EACH OF THE WIRES BEING OF SUBSTANTIALLY ELIPTICAL SHAPE IN CROSS-SECTION WITH A MAJOR DIAMETER AND A MINOR DIAMETER, TWO ENDS OF SAID MINOR DIAMETERS OF SAID WIRES BEING FLATTENED AND IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER ALONG THE AXIS OF SAID STRAND, EACH OF THE OTHER ENDS OF SAID MINOR DIAMETERS OF SAID WIRES FORMING AN OUTER SURFACE OF SAID STRAND, SAID OUTER SURFACES OF EACH OF SAID WIRES HAVING A RADIUS EQUAL TO THE RADIUS OF THE STRAND.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336784A (en) * 1964-03-26 1967-08-22 British Ropes Ltd Method of drawing wire rope
US3400494A (en) * 1965-09-24 1968-09-10 Seitz Russell Apparatus for machining hard materials
US3786623A (en) * 1971-08-06 1974-01-22 Graenges Essem Ab Method and an apparatus for the continuous production of stranded wire
US4580545A (en) * 1984-02-29 1986-04-08 Florida Wire And Cable Company Stone sawing strand
US4709699A (en) * 1986-08-06 1987-12-01 Fort Wayne Metals Research Products Corporation Surgeon's Gigli saw and method
FR2771955A1 (en) * 1997-12-10 1999-06-11 Absalon METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMING A WIRE OR BLADE IN A WIRE OR BLADE CUTTING MACHINE
US6260343B1 (en) 1998-05-01 2001-07-17 Wire Rope Corporation Of America, Incorporated High-strength, fatigue resistant strands and wire ropes
US20110148260A1 (en) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 Alejandro Arzate Silva Tub Cover Design and Fastening Means of Tub Cover to Tub
WO2013076400A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-30 Sodetal Metal wire for saw
DE102012101251A1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Schott Solar Ag Method for separating silicon wafer from each other by semiconductor material ingot using e.g. multi-wire saw, involves separating wafers from each other by relative movement between ingot and wire groups
CN104227855A (en) * 2013-06-18 2014-12-24 李园 Diamond wire saw with stranded core wire and manufacturing method of diamond wire saw

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US251114A (en) * 1881-12-20 Wire rope and cable
DE665719C (en) * 1935-03-23 1938-10-01 Fernand Perrier Cable spliced to form a ring for sawing hard rock or the like.
US2156652A (en) * 1936-03-16 1939-05-02 Callenders Cable & Const Co Manufacture of wire strands
US2856914A (en) * 1957-07-22 1958-10-21 Dessureau Joseph Theodore Stone sawing wire
US2876761A (en) * 1957-03-01 1959-03-10 United States Steel Corp Helicoidal stone-sawing wire
US2884692A (en) * 1956-07-06 1959-05-05 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Method of making a twisted wire welding element

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US251114A (en) * 1881-12-20 Wire rope and cable
DE665719C (en) * 1935-03-23 1938-10-01 Fernand Perrier Cable spliced to form a ring for sawing hard rock or the like.
US2156652A (en) * 1936-03-16 1939-05-02 Callenders Cable & Const Co Manufacture of wire strands
US2884692A (en) * 1956-07-06 1959-05-05 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Method of making a twisted wire welding element
US2876761A (en) * 1957-03-01 1959-03-10 United States Steel Corp Helicoidal stone-sawing wire
US2856914A (en) * 1957-07-22 1958-10-21 Dessureau Joseph Theodore Stone sawing wire

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336784A (en) * 1964-03-26 1967-08-22 British Ropes Ltd Method of drawing wire rope
US3400494A (en) * 1965-09-24 1968-09-10 Seitz Russell Apparatus for machining hard materials
US3786623A (en) * 1971-08-06 1974-01-22 Graenges Essem Ab Method and an apparatus for the continuous production of stranded wire
US4580545A (en) * 1984-02-29 1986-04-08 Florida Wire And Cable Company Stone sawing strand
US4709699A (en) * 1986-08-06 1987-12-01 Fort Wayne Metals Research Products Corporation Surgeon's Gigli saw and method
EP0922519A2 (en) * 1997-12-10 1999-06-16 Absalon Method of cutting by geometrically and thermally and/or mechanically deforming a saw wire or saw blade, and sawing machine
FR2771955A1 (en) * 1997-12-10 1999-06-11 Absalon METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMING A WIRE OR BLADE IN A WIRE OR BLADE CUTTING MACHINE
EP0922519A3 (en) * 1997-12-10 2003-01-15 Absalon Method of cutting by geometrically and thermally and/or mechanically deforming a saw wire or saw blade, and sawing machine
US6260343B1 (en) 1998-05-01 2001-07-17 Wire Rope Corporation Of America, Incorporated High-strength, fatigue resistant strands and wire ropes
US20110148260A1 (en) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 Alejandro Arzate Silva Tub Cover Design and Fastening Means of Tub Cover to Tub
WO2013076400A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-30 Sodetal Metal wire for saw
FR2983099A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-31 Sodetal METAL WIRE FOR SAW
DE102012101251A1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Schott Solar Ag Method for separating silicon wafer from each other by semiconductor material ingot using e.g. multi-wire saw, involves separating wafers from each other by relative movement between ingot and wire groups
CN104227855A (en) * 2013-06-18 2014-12-24 李园 Diamond wire saw with stranded core wire and manufacturing method of diamond wire saw
CN104227855B (en) * 2013-06-18 2016-06-01 李园 There is diamond fretsaw and the manufacture method thereof of stranded core

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