US3255107A - Finish composition for polyolefin fibers - Google Patents

Finish composition for polyolefin fibers Download PDF

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US3255107A
US3255107A US188839A US18883962A US3255107A US 3255107 A US3255107 A US 3255107A US 188839 A US188839 A US 188839A US 18883962 A US18883962 A US 18883962A US 3255107 A US3255107 A US 3255107A
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Prior art keywords
finish
polyolefin
pentaerythritol
fibers
polyolefin fibers
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US188839A
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Ann S Keller
Harry H Hall
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FMC Corp
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FMC Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
    • D06M13/256—Sulfonated compounds esters thereof, e.g. sultones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to finished polyolefin fibers. More particularly, it relates to polyolefin yarns or fibers having applied finishes which enable the yarns to be satisfactorily processed and utilized in the commercial production of textiles and in machine sewing operations.
  • Polyolefin yarns for example, polypropylene and polyethylene yarns, tend to develop high electrostatic charges and excessive tensions when running over guides, godets, and other objects during processing and subsequent handling.
  • the utilization of unfinished polyolefin yarn in textile production and sewing equipment is unsatisfactory.
  • a primary object of this invention is to provide a fin- I ished polyolefin yarn which is suitable for high speed processing, textile and sewing operations.
  • a finish composition for polyolefin fibers consisting essentially of from about 1 to by weight of a di C C alkyl cyclohexyl amine salt of a C -C fatty acid sulfate, and a completely esterified C -C fatty acid ester of pentaerythritol.
  • the C -C alkyl groups of the cyclohexyl amine salt include for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, and isomers of these groups.
  • the C C fatty acids for both the fatty acid sulfate radical of the amine salt and for the fatty acid ester portion of the pentaerythritol ester include for example, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, etc.
  • the completely esterified pentaerythritol laurate is the preferred pentaerythn'tol ester of this invention on the basic of ayailability and performance as a polyofin fiber lubricant.
  • the invention also includes polyolefin fibers, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyisobutylene fibers having incorporated thereon the above described finish composition, and a method for the application of the finish to the fiber.
  • the method of preparing finished polyolefin fibers comprises applying to said fibers the above described finish composition in the absence of water and a hydrocarbon oil.
  • the fibers of this invention may be in the form of continuous monofilaments, multifilaments, staple, etc.
  • the finished yarn or fiber may be scoured in the usual manner after processing or the yarn may be used in further textile operations with the finish remaining on the fiber, as desired.
  • Butyl st earate 95 1-hydroxyethyl-2-oleyl ethyl glyoxolinium ethosulfate 3 Sorbitan monooleate 4
  • Coconut oil 93 1-hydroxyethy1-2-oleyl ethyl glyoxo ethosulfate 5
  • Sorbitan trmleate 20 Esterified pentaerythritol 8.
  • D iethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate- 10 Water.
  • 90 Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate- 10
  • Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate 5 Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 400) monooleate- 95 11 Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfat 5 Dialiphatic ether of polyethylene glycol---.- 95 12 Esterified pentaerythritol 60 Nonionic emulsifying agents. 40 13.. Finish No. 12 10 Water. 90 14 Finish No. 12 95 S orbitan monooleate. 3 N-cetyl N-ethyl morpho In ethosulfate 2 15.. Finish No. 14 20 Water. 16-- N-cetyl N-ethyl morpholinium ethosulfate.
  • the material passed the screening test if 24 In addition to the above yarn finish compositions, many other unsatisfactory combinations were tested which were identifiable only under chemical tradenames and/ or broad chemical terms.
  • Polyolefin fibers and in particular polypropylene fibers are much more difficult to finish than other synthetic or natural polymer fibers. They are non-polar materials and as such have no affinity for the usual yarn finishes. They are hydrophobic and in general, water base finish compositions cannot be used to obtain a satisfactory finish.
  • the polyolefin fibers are degraded by treatment with hydrocarbon oil base compositions and become undesirably soft. For these reasons, the finish composition is extremely critical in order to obtain satisfactory yarn characteristics.
  • Example A finish comprising 2% by Weight of diethyl cyclohexyl amine salt of lauryl sulfate and 98% of the completely esterified lauric acid ester of pentaerythritol was prepared.
  • This finish was applied to polypropylene approximately 800 denier, 34 filament yarn just prior to the primary take-up by means of a kiss roll 6 inches in diameter and 1% inches wide.
  • the finish permitted the yarn to be collected onto a standard take-up tube with ease. Moreover, it was a definite aid in processing the yarn through a draw-twisting operation.
  • a finish composition for polyolefin fibers consisting of from about 1 to by weight of a di-Ci-C alkyl cyclohexyl amine salt of a C -C fatty acid sulfate, and a completely esterified C -C fatty acid ester of pentaerythritol.
  • the polyolefin fiber of claim 4 wherein the cyclohexylamine salt is diethyl cyclohexyl amine salt of lauryl sulfate.
  • the method of preparing finished fibers which comprises treating polyolefin fibers with a finish in the absence of water and hydrocarbon oil, said finish consisting of from about 1 to 5% by weight of a di-C C alkyl cyclohexyl amine salt of a C -C fatty acid sulfate, and a completely esterified C -C fatty acid ester of pentaerythritol.
  • polypropylene fibers are treated with a finish consisting of from about 1 to 5% I by weight of diethyl cyclohexyl amine salt of lauryl sulfate and the lauric acid ester of pentaerythritol.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3 255 107 FINISH COMPOSITIOll FR POLYOLEFIN FIBERS Ann S. Keller, Norristown, and Harry H. Hall, Springfield, Pa, assignors, by mesne assignments, to FMC Corporation, San Jose, Calif., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Apr. 19, 1962, Ser. No. 188,839
8 Claims. (Cl. 2528.75)
This invention relates to finished polyolefin fibers. More particularly, it relates to polyolefin yarns or fibers having applied finishes which enable the yarns to be satisfactorily processed and utilized in the commercial production of textiles and in machine sewing operations.
Polyolefin yarns, for example, polypropylene and polyethylene yarns, tend to develop high electrostatic charges and excessive tensions when running over guides, godets, and other objects during processing and subsequent handling. The utilization of unfinished polyolefin yarn in textile production and sewing equipment is unsatisfactory.
Static and tension problems have been encountered in the use of other natural and synthetic polymer yarns, and finishes which are satisfactory from both the standpoints of application and use have been developed for them. However, the polyolefins have different physical characteristics than most other filament forming polymers and conventional finishes and methods for application thereof are not suitable or effective in providing the necessary fiber to fiber lubrication, proper fiber to metal frictional behavior, and adequate static suppression.
A primary object of this invention is to provide a fin- I ished polyolefin yarn which is suitable for high speed processing, textile and sewing operations.
It is another object of this invention to provide a method of finishing polyolefin fibers which is elfective in providing fiber lubrication and static suppression.
These and other objects are accomplished in accordance with this invention with a finish composition for polyolefin fibers consisting essentially of from about 1 to by weight of a di C C alkyl cyclohexyl amine salt of a C -C fatty acid sulfate, and a completely esterified C -C fatty acid ester of pentaerythritol. The C -C alkyl groups of the cyclohexyl amine salt include for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, and isomers of these groups. The C C fatty acids for both the fatty acid sulfate radical of the amine salt and for the fatty acid ester portion of the pentaerythritol ester include for example, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, etc. The completely esterified pentaerythritol laurate is the preferred pentaerythn'tol ester of this invention on the basic of ayailability and performance as a polyofin fiber lubricant.
The invention also includes polyolefin fibers, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyisobutylene fibers having incorporated thereon the above described finish composition, and a method for the application of the finish to the fiber. The method of preparing finished polyolefin fibers comprises applying to said fibers the above described finish composition in the absence of water and a hydrocarbon oil. The fibers of this invention may be in the form of continuous monofilaments, multifilaments, staple, etc. The finished yarn or fiber may be scoured in the usual manner after processing or the yarn may be used in further textile operations with the finish remaining on the fiber, as desired.
Many lubricant antistat combinations were investigated to develop a satisfactory finish composition for polyolefin fiber. Before combinations of lubricants and antistats were tried, however, a screening test was conducted to determine whether the lubricant or antistat material would degrade the polyolefin. Screening involved placing approximately 0.2 ml. of the liquid lubricant or antistat onto 3,255,107 Patented June 7, 1966 a sheet of polypropylene film which had been secured to a glass plate. A piece of graph paper was placed between the film and the glass and served two purposes; it would indicate penetration of the film by the liquid; and also give an indication of the spreading action of the lubricant or antistat. hours of film contact produced no change in film appearance such as waviness or puckering. If puckering did occur it was assumed that it was caused by penetration of the lubricant or antistat into the film and this type of behavior would also occur with a polypropylene fiber. Puckering Was considered to be caused by plasticization or a similar phenomenon and test materials causing it were rejected.
The above screening test indicated that parafiinic oils and low molecular weight esters had a noticeable undesirable effect on the test film. Applications of these materials to polyolefin yarn at spinning and the consequential softening or plasticization of this yarn corroborated the screening test results.
To demonstrate the specificity of this invention there is set forth in the following table a list of finishes, the components of which have passed screening tests but which have been found unsatisfactory either in their application or in their ability to improve characteristics of the yarn.
TABLE I No. Finish Composition Percent By Weight 1 Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate. 3-5 Coconut oil 95-97 2 Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate-.- 3-10 Sorbit an monooleate 1. 55 Butyl stearate 85-95. 5 3 Diethanolamine salt of dilauryl phosphate-. 3 Sorbitan monooleate 4 Butyl Stearate 93 4 1-hydroxyethyl-2-oleyl ethyl glyoxolinium ethosulfate 3 Sorbitan monooleate. 3 Butyl stearate 94 5 Sorbitan monooleate. 5 Butyl st earate 95 6 1-hydroxyethyl-2-oleyl ethyl glyoxolinium ethosulfate 3 Sorbitan monooleate 4 Coconut oil 93 7 1-hydroxyethy1-2-oleyl ethyl glyoxo ethosulfate 5 Sorbitan trmleate 20 Esterified pentaerythritol 8. D iethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate- 10 Water. 90 9 Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate- 10 D iethylene glycol 90 l0. Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfate 5 Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 400) monooleate- 95 11 Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of lauryl sulfat 5 Dialiphatic ether of polyethylene glycol---.- 95 12 Esterified pentaerythritol 60 Nonionic emulsifying agents. 40 13.. Finish No. 12 10 Water. 90 14 Finish No. 12 95 S orbitan monooleate. 3 N-cetyl N-ethyl morpho In ethosulfate 2 15.. Finish No. 14 20 Water. 16-- N-cetyl N-ethyl morpholinium ethosulfate. 5 Technical grade octanol 95 17. N-cetyl N -etl1yl morpholinium ethosulfate 10 Water- 18. N-cetyl N -ethyl morpholinium ethosulfate 10 Diethylene glycol. 90 19. N-cetyl N-ethyl morpholinium ethosulfate 2 Finish No. 12 98 20----. Polyoxyethylene modified tallow acid primary amine V 5 Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 200) monolaurate 21.---. Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 200) monopelargonate 22. Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 1000) monostearate..-.- 2 Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 200) monopelargonate- 98 23..... Diethanolamine salt of dilauryl phosphate 5 Finish No. 22 95 24- Diethanolamine salt of dilauryl phosphate 10 Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 200) monopelargona 90 25----- Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 400) monopalmitate Water 98 26..- Diethanolarnine salt of dilauryl phosphate... 10 Polyethylene glycol (M.W. 200) monolaurate 90 The material passed the screening test if 24 In addition to the above yarn finish compositions, many other unsatisfactory combinations were tested which were identifiable only under chemical tradenames and/ or broad chemical terms.
Polyolefin fibers and in particular polypropylene fibers are much more difficult to finish than other synthetic or natural polymer fibers. They are non-polar materials and as such have no affinity for the usual yarn finishes. They are hydrophobic and in general, water base finish compositions cannot be used to obtain a satisfactory finish. The polyolefin fibers are degraded by treatment with hydrocarbon oil base compositions and become undesirably soft. For these reasons, the finish composition is extremely critical in order to obtain satisfactory yarn characteristics.
The following example is set forth to demonstrate finish application and composition in accordance with the invention.
Example A finish comprising 2% by Weight of diethyl cyclohexyl amine salt of lauryl sulfate and 98% of the completely esterified lauric acid ester of pentaerythritol was prepared. This finish was applied to polypropylene approximately 800 denier, 34 filament yarn just prior to the primary take-up by means of a kiss roll 6 inches in diameter and 1% inches wide. The finish permitted the yarn to be collected onto a standard take-up tube with ease. Moreover, it was a definite aid in processing the yarn through a draw-twisting operation.
Various changes and modifications may be made in practicing the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and, therefore, the invention is not to be limited except as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. .A finish composition for polyolefin fibers consisting of from about 1 to by weight of a di-Ci-C alkyl cyclohexyl amine salt of a C -C fatty acid sulfate, and a completely esterified C -C fatty acid ester of pentaerythritol.
2. The finish composition of claim 1 wherein the cyclohexyl amine salt is diethyl cyclohexyl amine salt of lauryl sulfate.
3. The finish composition of claim 1 wherein the pentaerythritol ester is the lauric acid ester of pentaerythritol.
4. A polyolefin fiber having incorporated thereon a finish consisting of from about 1 to 5% by weight of a di C -C alkyl cyclohexyl amine salt of a C -C fatty acid sulfate, and a completely esterified C C fatty acid ester of pentaerythritol.
5. The polyolefin fiber of claim 4 wherein the cyclohexylamine salt is diethyl cyclohexyl amine salt of lauryl sulfate.
6. The polyolefin fiber of claim 4 wherein the pentaerythritol ester is the lauric acid ester of pentaerythritol.
7. The method of preparing finished fibers which comprises treating polyolefin fibers with a finish in the absence of water and hydrocarbon oil, said finish consisting of from about 1 to 5% by weight of a di-C C alkyl cyclohexyl amine salt of a C -C fatty acid sulfate, and a completely esterified C -C fatty acid ester of pentaerythritol.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein polypropylene fibers are treated with a finish consisting of from about 1 to 5% I by weight of diethyl cyclohexyl amine salt of lauryl sulfate and the lauric acid ester of pentaerythritol.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,139,276 12/1938 Lehrer et al 252-8.75 2,191,033 2/1940 FaW 2S2S.75 2,597,947 3/1952 Oxlev et al. 252-8.75 2,614,984 10/1952 Thomas et al. 257. -R 7 2,668,785 2/1954 Jefferson et a] 252Zt 3,009,830 11/1961 Levine 2528.9
JULIUS GREENWALD, Primary Examiner. J. T. FEDIGAN, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A FINISH COMPOSITION FOR POLYOLEFIN FIBERS CONSISTING OF FROM ABOUT 1 TO 5% BY WEIGHT OF A DI-C1-C6 ALKYL CYCLOHEXYL AMINE SALT OF A C10-C18 FATTY ACID SULFATE, AND A COMPLETELY ESTERIFIED C10-C18 FATTY ACID ESTER OF PENTAERYTHRITOL.
US188839A 1962-04-19 1962-04-19 Finish composition for polyolefin fibers Expired - Lifetime US3255107A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3850819A (en) * 1972-08-25 1974-11-26 Ici America Inc Low fuming spin finish for nylon weaving yarns

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2139276A (en) * 1934-09-12 1938-12-06 Du Pont Emulsifying and treating agents
US2191033A (en) * 1938-06-10 1940-02-20 Eastman Kodak Co Composition for the treatment of synthetic warp yarns
US2597947A (en) * 1946-01-25 1952-05-27 Celanese Corp Textile treating compositions
US2614984A (en) * 1948-03-17 1952-10-21 Celanese Corp Textile dressing materials
US2668785A (en) * 1950-04-03 1954-02-09 Atlas Powder Co Filamentous textile having a processing finish
US3009830A (en) * 1960-03-15 1961-11-21 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Finishing polyolefin filamentary textile article and the article obtained therefrom

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2139276A (en) * 1934-09-12 1938-12-06 Du Pont Emulsifying and treating agents
US2191033A (en) * 1938-06-10 1940-02-20 Eastman Kodak Co Composition for the treatment of synthetic warp yarns
US2597947A (en) * 1946-01-25 1952-05-27 Celanese Corp Textile treating compositions
US2614984A (en) * 1948-03-17 1952-10-21 Celanese Corp Textile dressing materials
US2668785A (en) * 1950-04-03 1954-02-09 Atlas Powder Co Filamentous textile having a processing finish
US3009830A (en) * 1960-03-15 1961-11-21 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Finishing polyolefin filamentary textile article and the article obtained therefrom

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3850819A (en) * 1972-08-25 1974-11-26 Ici America Inc Low fuming spin finish for nylon weaving yarns

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