US3253418A - Method of processing a mixture of liquefied gases - Google Patents
Method of processing a mixture of liquefied gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3253418A US3253418A US412383A US41238364A US3253418A US 3253418 A US3253418 A US 3253418A US 412383 A US412383 A US 412383A US 41238364 A US41238364 A US 41238364A US 3253418 A US3253418 A US 3253418A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchange
- gas
- temperature
- residual liquid
- exchange medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
- F25J3/0615—Liquefied natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0635—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/064—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/05—Regasification
Definitions
- it concerns a method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas in such a way as to obtain its components in an advantageous gaseous form and at the same time make best use of the liquefied natural gas as a sink of heat, namely to utilize the cold inherent in the liquefied natural gas for external duty.
- liquefied natural gas means a mixture of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases obtainable from natural deposits of such gases in the ground or associated with crude oil.
- a method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas comprises: heating the liquefied natural gas under constant pressure .to give a lean gas and leave a residual liquid, heat for the vaporization being provided by a first heat exchange medium which is-thereby cooled to give a first source of cold for external duty; and heating the residual liquid under constant pressure to give a rich gas, heat for the vaporization being provided by a second heat exchange medium which is thereby cooled to give a second source of cold for external duty.
- the pressure on the residual liquid from the first stage of vaporization is preferably increased before the residual liquid is completely vaporized.
- Increasing the pressure on the residual liquid will also provide a convenient way of adjusting the final temperature of the second heat exchange medium, because the greater the pressure on the residual liquid the higher will be the lowest temperature at which the residual liquid will be completely vaporized.
- the mixture of liquefied gases is heated to a temperature of 160 F., half of the mixture being vaporized to give a lean gas mixture consisting of methane, 77.8 mol percent; ethane, 21.8 mol percent; and propane, 0.4 mol percent and leave a residual liquid consisting of methane, 2.2 mol percent; ethane, 58.2 'mol percent; and propane, 39.6 mol percent.
- the lean gas mixture leaves the heat exchanger 2 via a gas line 3. The heat for producing the part vaporization.
- gaseous ethylene under a pressure of 17 p.s.i.a condensing at a temperature of l50 F. in the warm side of the heat exchanger 2.
- Liquid ethylene leaves the heat exchanger via a liquid line 4 to be used as a refrigerant.
- Fresh gaseous ethylene enters the warm side of the heat exchanger 2 from a gas line 5.
- the residual liquid in the cold side of the heat ex changer 2 is pumped into a liquid line 6 by a pump 7, and then passes via the pump 7 into a further liquid line 8 under a pressure of 26 p.s.i.a
- the residual liquid then passes into the cold side of a heat exchanger 9 in which it'is heated to a temperature of 50 F. and completely vaporized to give a rich gas mixture.
- the rich gas mixture passes from the heat exchanger 9 into a gas line 10.
- the heat for producing the complete vaporization of the residual liquid in the cold side of the heat exchanger 9 is provided by a gaseous propane under a pressure of 16 p.s.i.a. condensing in the warm side of the heat exchanger 9 at a temperature at 40 F.
- Liquid propane leaves the heat exchanger 9 via a liquid line 11 to be used as a refrigerant.
- Fresh gaseous propane enters the warm side of the heat exchanger 9 from a gas line 12.
- the pump 7 is not necessary but if it is omitted the temperature to which the residual liquid is heated in the cold side of the heat exchanger 9 is --75 P. not 50 F.
- the gaseous propane in the warm side of the heat exchanger 9 still condenses at a temperature of 40 F. but it is also subcooled to a temperature of about F.
- Method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas comprising (a) heating the LNG under constant pressure by heat exchange with a first heat exchange medium, at a temperature such as to convert the LNG into two major fractions, one of which is a lean gas and the other a residual liquid gas containing the heavier, more slowly vaporizable constituents of the original LNG,
- step (a) heating the residual liquid gas from step (a), at constant pressure, by heat exchange with a second heat exchange medium, at a temperature such as to convert said residual liquid gas to a rich gas containing said heavier constituents,
- step (d) and cooling said second heat exchange medium by the heat exchange of step (c) to provide a second source of low temperature, but at a higher temperature than that produced in step (b), for external duty.
- a method as claimed inclaim 1 said first heat exchange medium being a gas prior to said heat exchange step and being liquefied during said first heat exchange step.
- said LNG being composed of substantial par-ts of methane, ethane and propane; said lean gas being composed of methane and ethane with a negligible percentage of propane: said rich gas being composed of ethane and'propane with a negligible percentage of met-bane.
Description
y 1966 A. HARMENS 3,253,418
METHOD OF PROCESSING A MIXTURE 0F LIQUEFIED GASES Filed Nov. 19, 1964 Product Leon Gos Merhone 2 Mol.%
Erhone 58 Mol.% 9 Liquid Propane Propane 4O Mol.% W
Rich Gus Product INVENTOR A Iexonder Harmens ATTORNEY United States Patent Ofiiice 3,253,418 METHOD OF PROCESSING A MIXTURE F LIQUEFIED GASES Alexander Harmens, Purley, England, assignor to Conch International Methane Limited, Nassau, The Bahamas, a Bahamian company Filed Nov. 19, 1964, Ser. No. 412,383 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Feb. 11, 1964, 5,743/ 64 7 Claims. (Cl. 6252) This invention relates to a method of processing a mixture of liquefied gases. More particularly, it concerns a method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas in such a way as to obtain its components in an advantageous gaseous form and at the same time make best use of the liquefied natural gas as a sink of heat, namely to utilize the cold inherent in the liquefied natural gas for external duty.
In this specification, the expression liquefied natural gas means a mixture of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases obtainable from natural deposits of such gases in the ground or associated with crude oil.
It is increasingly the practice to liquefy natural gas for convenient transport to places where it can be utilized. On arrival, the liquefied natural gas is vaporized and used as a fuel or for other purposes, some of its components being more advantageous for some of the purposes than others. At the same time, the considerable expense of liquefying the natural gas in the first instance can be partly recovered by utilizing the liquefied natural gas as a sink of heat, namely by utilizing the cold inherent in the liquefied natural gas and made available for use in the course of their vaporization.
It has now been found that by vaporizing the liquefied natural gas in two stages not only can its components be separated into different fractions having different properties (namely an easily vaporizable fraction hereafter called lean gas and a heavier more slowly vaporizable fraction hereafter called rich gas), but that the sources of cold constituted by the successive stages of vaporization are themselves of diiferent qualities and can be used advantageously for different purposes.
According to the present invention, therefore, a method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas comprises: heating the liquefied natural gas under constant pressure .to give a lean gas and leave a residual liquid, heat for the vaporization being provided by a first heat exchange medium which is-thereby cooled to give a first source of cold for external duty; and heating the residual liquid under constant pressure to give a rich gas, heat for the vaporization being provided by a second heat exchange medium which is thereby cooled to give a second source of cold for external duty.
In practicing the invention, if it is desired to produce the rich gas at a higher pressure than that at which the liquefied natural gas is available, the pressure on the residual liquid from the first stage of vaporization is preferably increased before the residual liquid is completely vaporized. Increasing the pressure on the residual liquid will also provide a convenient way of adjusting the final temperature of the second heat exchange medium, because the greater the pressure on the residual liquid the higher will be the lowest temperature at which the residual liquid will be completely vaporized.
3,253,418 Patented May 31, 1966 The present invention will now be illustrated by the following example, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawing which is a flow diagram for practicing the invention.
Example A mixture of liquefied gases under a pressure of 14.7 p.s.i.a. and at a temperature of 240 F. consisting of methane, 40 mol percent; and propane, 20 mol percent enters the system at a constant rate via a liquid line 1 and passes into the cold side of a heat exchanger 2. In the cold side of the heat exchanger 2, the mixture of liquefied gases is heated to a temperature of 160 F., half of the mixture being vaporized to give a lean gas mixture consisting of methane, 77.8 mol percent; ethane, 21.8 mol percent; and propane, 0.4 mol percent and leave a residual liquid consisting of methane, 2.2 mol percent; ethane, 58.2 'mol percent; and propane, 39.6 mol percent. The lean gas mixture leaves the heat exchanger 2 via a gas line 3. The heat for producing the part vaporization. of the mixture of liquefied gases is provided by gaseous ethylene under a pressure of 17 p.s.i.a condensing at a temperature of l50 F. in the warm side of the heat exchanger 2. Liquid ethylene leaves the heat exchanger via a liquid line 4 to be used as a refrigerant. Fresh gaseous ethylene enters the warm side of the heat exchanger 2 from a gas line 5.
The residual liquid in the cold side of the heat ex changer 2 is pumped into a liquid line 6 by a pump 7, and then passes via the pump 7 into a further liquid line 8 under a pressure of 26 p.s.i.a The residual liquid then passes into the cold side of a heat exchanger 9 in which it'is heated to a temperature of 50 F. and completely vaporized to give a rich gas mixture. The rich gas mixture passes from the heat exchanger 9 into a gas line 10.
The heat for producing the complete vaporization of the residual liquid in the cold side of the heat exchanger 9 is provided by a gaseous propane under a pressure of 16 p.s.i.a. condensing in the warm side of the heat exchanger 9 at a temperature at 40 F. Liquid propane leaves the heat exchanger 9 via a liquid line 11 to be used as a refrigerant. Fresh gaseous propane enters the warm side of the heat exchanger 9 from a gas line 12.
In the above procedure, the pump 7 is not necessary but if it is omitted the temperature to which the residual liquid is heated in the cold side of the heat exchanger 9 is --75 P. not 50 F. In this case, the gaseous propane in the warm side of the heat exchanger 9 still condenses at a temperature of 40 F. but it is also subcooled to a temperature of about F.
It will be apparent that the embodiments shown are only exemplary and that various modifications can be made in construction and arrangement within the scope of my invention as defined by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. Method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) comprising (a) heating the LNG under constant pressure by heat exchange with a first heat exchange medium, at a temperature such as to convert the LNG into two major fractions, one of which is a lean gas and the other a residual liquid gas containing the heavier, more slowly vaporizable constituents of the original LNG,
(b) cooling said first heat exchange medium by said 3 heat exchange to provide a first source of low temperature for external duty,
(0) heating the residual liquid gas from step (a), at constant pressure, by heat exchange with a second heat exchange medium, at a temperature such as to convert said residual liquid gas to a rich gas containing said heavier constituents,
(d) and cooling said second heat exchange medium by the heat exchange of step (c) to provide a second source of low temperature, but at a higher temperature than that produced in step (b), for external duty.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising increasing the pressure on the residual liquid before it is completely vaporized.
3. A method as claimed inclaim 1, said first heat exchange medium being a gas prior to said heat exchange step and being liquefied during said first heat exchange step.
4. Method as claimed in claim 3, said second heat exchange medium being a gas prior to said second heat exchange step and being liquefied during said second heat exchange step.
5. Method according to claim 4, said first heat exchange medium being ethane.
6. Method according to claim 5, said second heat exchange medium being propane.
7. Method according to claim 6, said LNG being composed of substantial par-ts of methane, ethane and propane; said lean gas being composed of methane and ethane with a negligible percentage of propane: said rich gas being composed of ethane and'propane with a negligible percentage of met-bane.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 12/1950 Martin et a1. 6252 ROBERT A. OLEARY, Primary Examiner.
LLOYD L. KING, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. METHOD OF VAPORIZING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) COMPRISING (A) HEATING THE LNG UNDER CONSTANT PRESSURE BY HEAT EXCHANGE WITH A FIRST HEAT EXCHANGE MEDIUM, AT A TEMPERATURE SUCH AS TO CONVERT THE LNG INTO TWO MAJOR FRACTIONS, ONE OF WHICH IS A LEAN GAS AND THE OTHER A RESIDUAL LIQUID GAS CONTAINING THE HEAVIER, MORE SLOWLY VAPORIZABLE CONSTITUENTS OF THE ORIGINAL LNG, (B) COOLING SAID FIRST HEAT EXCHANGE MEDIUM BY SAID HEAT EXCHANGE TO PROVIDE A FIRST SOURCE OF LOW TEMPERATURE FOR EXTERNAL DUTY, (C) HEATING THE RESIDUAL LIQUID GAS FROM STEP (A), AT CONSTANT PRESSURE, BY HEAT EXCHANGE WITH A SECOND HEAT EXCHANGE MEDIUM, AT A TEMPERATURE SUCH AS TO CONVERT SAID RESIDUAL LIQUID GAS TO A RICH GAS CONTAINING SAID HEAVIER CONSTITUENTS, (D) AND COOLING SAID SECOND HEAT EXCHANGE MEDIUM BY THE HEAT EXCHANGE OF STEP (C) TO PROVIDE A SECOND SOURCE OF LOW TEMPERATURE, BUT AT A HIGHER TEMPERATURE THAN THAT PRODUCED IN STEP (B), FOR EXTERNAL DUTY.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5743/64A GB983977A (en) | 1964-02-11 | 1964-02-11 | A method of processing a mixture of liquefied gases |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3253418A true US3253418A (en) | 1966-05-31 |
Family
ID=9801824
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US412383A Expired - Lifetime US3253418A (en) | 1964-02-11 | 1964-11-19 | Method of processing a mixture of liquefied gases |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3253418A (en) |
ES (1) | ES307757A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB983977A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060065014A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for recovering LPG boil off gas using LNG as a heat transfer medium |
US20060065015A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Recovering natural gas liquids from LNG using vacuum distillation |
US20080087041A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2008-04-17 | Denton Robert D | Method of Extracting Ethane from Liquefied Natural Gas |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2535148A (en) * | 1946-04-18 | 1950-12-26 | Pritchard & Co J F | Method of storing natural gas |
US2964917A (en) * | 1956-09-19 | 1960-12-20 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Evaporation of liquefied gases |
US3068659A (en) * | 1960-08-25 | 1962-12-18 | Conch Int Methane Ltd | Heating cold fluids with production of energy |
-
1964
- 1964-02-11 GB GB5743/64A patent/GB983977A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-11-19 US US412383A patent/US3253418A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-12-31 ES ES0307757A patent/ES307757A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2535148A (en) * | 1946-04-18 | 1950-12-26 | Pritchard & Co J F | Method of storing natural gas |
US2964917A (en) * | 1956-09-19 | 1960-12-20 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Evaporation of liquefied gases |
US3068659A (en) * | 1960-08-25 | 1962-12-18 | Conch Int Methane Ltd | Heating cold fluids with production of energy |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080087041A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2008-04-17 | Denton Robert D | Method of Extracting Ethane from Liquefied Natural Gas |
US8156758B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2012-04-17 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method of extracting ethane from liquefied natural gas |
WO2006039182A3 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-03-01 | Chevron Usa Inc | Recovering natural gas liquids from lng using vacuum distillation |
US7299643B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-11-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for recovering LPG boil off gas using LNG as a heat transfer medium |
US20060065014A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for recovering LPG boil off gas using LNG as a heat transfer medium |
WO2006039172A3 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-03-01 | Chevron Usa Inc | Method for recovering lpg boil off gas using lng as a heat transfer medium |
US7234323B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-06-26 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Recovering natural gas liquids from LNG using vacuum distillation |
GB2434434A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-07-25 | Chevron Usa Inc | Method for recovering LPG boil offgas using LNG as a heat transfer medium |
GB2434435A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-07-25 | Chevron Usa Inc | Recovering natural gas liquids from LNG using vacuum distillation |
WO2006039182A2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Recovering natural gas liquids from lng using vacuum distillation |
GB2434434B (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2008-01-16 | Chevron Usa Inc | Method for recovering LPG boil offgas using LNG as a heat transfer medium |
GB2434435B (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2008-01-16 | Chevron Usa Inc | Recovering natural gas liquids from LNG using vacuum distillation |
WO2006039172A2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for recovering lpg boil off gas using lng as a heat transfer medium |
AU2005292419B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2011-03-17 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Recovering natural gas liquids from LNG using vacuum distillation |
AU2005292409B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2011-08-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for recovering LPG boil off gas using LNG as a heat transfer medium |
US20060065015A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Recovering natural gas liquids from LNG using vacuum distillation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB983977A (en) | 1965-02-24 |
ES307757A1 (en) | 1965-05-01 |
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