US3253087A - Electrical signal code generating equipment - Google Patents

Electrical signal code generating equipment Download PDF

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US3253087A
US3253087A US191188A US19118862A US3253087A US 3253087 A US3253087 A US 3253087A US 191188 A US191188 A US 191188A US 19118862 A US19118862 A US 19118862A US 3253087 A US3253087 A US 3253087A
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light
code
holes
row
electrical signal
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US191188A
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Mcintosh Ronald Campbell
Purdy Haydn Victor
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Purdy and Mcintosh Electronic Developments Ltd
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Purdy and Mcintosh Electronic Developments Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/04—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K21/00—Information retrieval from punched cards designed for manual use or handling by machine; Apparatus for handling such cards, e.g. marking or correcting
    • G06K21/04—Information retrieval from punched cards designed for manual use or handling by machine; Apparatus for handling such cards, e.g. marking or correcting in which coincidence of markings is sensed optically, e.g. peek-a-boo system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L13/00—Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups H04L15/00 or H04L17/00
    • H04L13/16—Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups H04L15/00 or H04L17/00 of transmitters, e.g. code-bars, code-discs

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple, adjustable, and economical device for this purpose.
  • the main aspect of the invention comprises electrical signal code generating equipment for generating multielement electrical code signals, comprising an array of light guides equal in number to the total number of elements in the multi-element code, at least one light source for illuminating the light guides at an input position on each guide, an individual photo-electrical device at an output position on each light guide, coding members each arranged to block the light paths through a selection of said light guides to said photo-electrical devices, and means for selecting one of said coding members for controlling the generation of the particular code signal corresponding to said selected coding member.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, by way of example, and in perspective, equipment for generating 3-bit binary codes by means of a code card
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a few keys of a keyboard together with light sources and light-responsive devices for creating electrical signal codes under control of said keys.
  • the equipment shown in FIG 1 utilises light guides 1 for selectively generating the individual elements of a code, and a code card holder for positioning a code card 2 so as to determine the individual codes to be generated.
  • the light guides 1 can be of transparent plastic, or of glass, there being an individual guide for each element of a code.
  • the opaque code card 2 can span all the individual light guides, and have a series of parallel vertical lines 3 of open or transparent apertures in the card. Each aperture is individual to a light guide 1 and the number and distribution of the apertures in each line determines the code to be generated by its use.
  • the code card is positioned between the light guides 1, and at least one source of light 4 capable of illuminating all the light guides, while at some other position on the light guides, photo-electrical devices 5, one per light guide, are arranged to detect light transmitted via the respective light guides.
  • thin bars of transparent plastic are stacked as shown with opaque films 6 between them and on the outside of the top and bottom bars, to define the individual light guides.
  • the code-card 2 On one side of the stack of guides 1 is positioned the code-card 2 in a holder (not shown) between the side of the stack and a line of vertically-arranged tubular xenon flash lamps 4; the length of the lamps spans the height of the light-guide stack, and the lamps are positioned so that each lamp is opposite a vertical line 3 of code apertures in the code card 2.
  • the back edges of the guides, the near ends, and those portions of the front edges not covered by the code card, can be painted, or silvered or otherwise treated to :assist in Zig-zag reflection of light rays along the light guides, Vertical grooves 7 3,253,687 Patented May 24, 1966 Ice of triangular cross-section can be formed in the light guides to assist the distribution of light within the light guide, so that light rays are reflected along the bars in zig-zag formation.
  • lightsensitive devices 5 Opposite the far ends of the light guides, or at any other desired point not used for code transmission, and which is left clear for light emission, are arranged lightsensitive devices 5, one opposite each guide 1.
  • the corresponding binary code will be transmitted along the light guides by internal reflections to operate a corresponding selection of light-sensitive cells at the far end of the light guides.
  • the lamps can be operated by electrical signals from any suitable source.
  • the lamps can be individually operated from electrical contacts individual to, and operated by the depression of, the keys of a keyboard.
  • the operation of the lamps can be the sole purpose of such a keyboard, or can be ancillary to the main purpose thereof which may be a teleprinter, or a typewriter, for example.
  • the present code-generator can be utilised to amplify the coding facilities provided by the electrical signal code generator described in the following description of FIG. 2 by providing electric contacts individual to the keys of the said generator, and connecting such contacts to the lamps of the code generator shown in FIG. 1.
  • the light guides could be of any desired shape in plan which was suitable for any particular application.
  • the code card could be arranged for controlled movement in front of one lamp, or several lamps, so as to select any desired code, or group of codes, for transmission.
  • the light could be, for example, rods of small diameter or other cross-section, and could be of any length and shape, determined by the requirements of any application.
  • the movement of the card would be controlled in any known manner under control of a keyboard, or under control of electric signals, for example. It is clear that the code card can be selected from a number carrying different code combinations.
  • each key one of which is shown depressed, esesntially consists of a flat stamping 21 of sheet metal with two substantially parallel horizontal lines 22, 23, of
  • holes 24 stamped along its length the holes in the rows being equal in number and successive pairs of holes A, A; B, B; etc. in the two rows each being vertically in line.
  • the keys are supported side by side in close array in any desired manner and controlled so that when idle, the keys are all horizontally in line so that the y holes in each row are in line and form y tunnels 27 through the array of keys, thus providing an upper row 25 and a lower row 26 of tunnels in each row.
  • the number y corresponds to the number of elements or bits in binary signal code words to be formed by the keyset.
  • the holes 24 in the keys 21 are horizontal slots, but they may be of any desired shape.
  • a row of light sources 28, y in number which can be constituted by a single tubular flash lamp, is disposed opposite the lower row of tunnels 26 at one end of the tunnels, and a now of light responsive devices 29, one per tunnel, is disposed opposite the lower row of tunnels 26 at the other end so that light can pass through each tunnel from a light source to a light responsive device.
  • the lower row of tunnels 26 thus constitute light guides.
  • the purpose of the upper row of holes 25 in the keys 21 is to form binary codes.
  • the codes are formed by blocking out any desired selection of holes in the upper row in any desired manner, for example, by sticking a removable opaque patch 30 over each hole to be blocked out.
  • the patches can all be individual to a hole, or
  • 3 patches of varying lengths can be used according to the number of adjacent holes to be blocked.
  • Keys can be stamped having permanent codes formed in the upper row or holes, but by forming a standard key blank, and removably blocking out holes as required, the keys are cheap to make and the individual codes can be easily changed.
  • the keys can, of course, generate several codes simultaneously, each controlled by at least one tunnel.
  • the keys are mounted so that they can be individually depressed, on a common pivot 01' on linkages, and their movements are controlled so as to bring the upper line of holes in a depressed key into line with the lower rows of holes in the other keys, as indicated in FIG. 2, whereby the patches on the upper row of holes on the depressed key obscure the corresponding tunnels in the lower row of tunnels 26.
  • the light sources are preferably flash lamps operated to send pulses of light down the unobscured tunnels when a key is operated.
  • the light sources could be continuously illuminated, and the code formed by obscuring some of the tunnels: in this case, the photo-electric cells could be rendered operative on the depression of any key.
  • the light-responsive devices will be wired to any suitable electrical code responsive equipment capable of detecting in turn a succession of codes signalled by the depression in turn or any desired sequence of keys, and signalling the successive codes to any type of recording or transmission equipment as desired.
  • the keys are stamped from aluminium, steel, or any other suitable material. Adequate light transmission is obtained without the need for a perfect line-up of the holes forming a tunnel. Neither need the key bodies be in contact: they can be spaced by about their own width, or less.
  • the internal faces of the slots are bright and assist light transmission by zigzag reflections through the tunnels, in addition to unimpeded light transmission.
  • the light transmission tunnels could be formed independently of the keys, but apertured for the passage of obscuring prongs or the like carried by the keys. This and any other desired method of providing a row of light tunnels and means individual to each key of a keyboard for obscuring a predetermined selection of such tunnels when depressed is within the scope of the invention.
  • the keys can be provided each with at least one additional hole in the lower row, so that the depression of any one key will obscure an additional tunnel so formed.
  • the depression of such a key will cut off a continuously-illuminated light source at one end of the tunnel from a light-responsive device "at the other end of the tunnel, thus generating a electrical signal indicating that a key has been depressed.
  • This signal is valuahle, and its production in this way, rather than by the use or the key as an electric contact, allows the use of uninsul ated metallic keys.
  • Electrical signal code generating equipment for generating multi-element electrical code signals comprising a stack of plates of light-transmitting material, one plate per code element, means comprising light sources at a first position on said stack for supplying light to each plate in said stack, a row of-light-detecting means normal to said stack at another position thereon for responding to light signals from said light sources transmitted through said plates to said detecting devices, and code selecting means in the light transmission paths between said light sources and said light detecting means, which code selecting means are formed with rows of holes normal to said stack of plates, each row comprising a hole corresponding to each of a selection of said plates for selectively applying a particular multi-element code signal to said light-detecting means based on a multi-element code system having as many elements as there are plates in said stack.
  • Electrical signal code generating equipment for generating multi-element electrical code signals, comprising an array of basically identical keyboard elements, each element having a :plurality of holes transversely therethrongh and positioned in upper and lower approximately parallel rows extending longitudinally of the element, said elements being positioned side by side with the holes substantially in alignment whereby a row of approximately horizontal light transmitting tunnels each having an input end and an output end are defined by respectively positioned holes of said lower row, hole obscuring means mounted over at least one of the holes of said upper row on each element to form tor each element a combination of unobscured and obscured holes unique to the element, said elements being movable to a displaced position at which the holes of said upper now of the moved element are brought into alignment with the holes of said lower rows of the undisplaced elements, light means positioned at the input end of each tunnel to project a light beam into the respective tunnel, and an individual photoelectric device for each of the tunnels respectively, each device being positioned at the out-put end of its respective tunnel to produce an electric signal in response

Description

y 4, 1966 R. c. MCINTOSH 3,253,087
ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CODE GENERATING EQUIPMENT Filed April 30, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet l I L/GHT GU/DE 5 Pl/O TUCEZ L FIG. I.
May 24, 1966 R. c. M INTOSH ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CODE GENERATING EQUIPMENT 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 30, 1962 PHOTOCELL 28 FLASH LAMP FIG. 2.
United States Patent 3,253,087 ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CODE GENERATING EQUIPMENT Ronald Campbell McIntosh and Haydn Victor Purdy, London, England, assignors to Purdy & McIntosh (Electronic Developments) Limited, London, England, a British company Filed Apr. 30, 1962, Ser. No. 191,188 Claims priority, application Great Britain, May 2, 1961, 15,910/ 61 3 Claims. (Cl. 178-79) This invention relates to electrical signal code generating equipment,
The object of the invention is to provide a simple, adjustable, and economical device for this purpose.
The main aspect of the invention comprises electrical signal code generating equipment for generating multielement electrical code signals, comprising an array of light guides equal in number to the total number of elements in the multi-element code, at least one light source for illuminating the light guides at an input position on each guide, an individual photo-electrical device at an output position on each light guide, coding members each arranged to block the light paths through a selection of said light guides to said photo-electrical devices, and means for selecting one of said coding members for controlling the generation of the particular code signal corresponding to said selected coding member.
The invention will be described with reference to certain embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates, by way of example, and in perspective, equipment for generating 3-bit binary codes by means of a code card, while FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a few keys of a keyboard together with light sources and light-responsive devices for creating electrical signal codes under control of said keys.
The equipment shown in FIG 1 utilises light guides 1 for selectively generating the individual elements of a code, and a code card holder for positioning a code card 2 so as to determine the individual codes to be generated.
The light guides 1 can be of transparent plastic, or of glass, there being an individual guide for each element of a code. The opaque code card 2 can span all the individual light guides, and have a series of parallel vertical lines 3 of open or transparent apertures in the card. Each aperture is individual to a light guide 1 and the number and distribution of the apertures in each line determines the code to be generated by its use.
The code card is positioned between the light guides 1, and at least one source of light 4 capable of illuminating all the light guides, while at some other position on the light guides, photo-electrical devices 5, one per light guide, are arranged to detect light transmitted via the respective light guides.
In the preferred embodiment shown in the drawing, thin bars of transparent plastic are stacked as shown with opaque films 6 between them and on the outside of the top and bottom bars, to define the individual light guides.
On one side of the stack of guides 1 is positioned the code-card 2 in a holder (not shown) between the side of the stack and a line of vertically-arranged tubular xenon flash lamps 4; the length of the lamps spans the height of the light-guide stack, and the lamps are positioned so that each lamp is opposite a vertical line 3 of code apertures in the code card 2. The back edges of the guides, the near ends, and those portions of the front edges not covered by the code card, can be painted, or silvered or otherwise treated to :assist in Zig-zag reflection of light rays along the light guides, Vertical grooves 7 3,253,687 Patented May 24, 1966 Ice of triangular cross-section can be formed in the light guides to assist the distribution of light within the light guide, so that light rays are reflected along the bars in zig-zag formation.
Opposite the far ends of the light guides, or at any other desired point not used for code transmission, and which is left clear for light emission, are arranged lightsensitive devices 5, one opposite each guide 1.
By flashing any one of the lamps 4, the corresponding binary code will be transmitted along the light guides by internal reflections to operate a corresponding selection of light-sensitive cells at the far end of the light guides.
Thus a static electrical signal-code generator has been provided. The lamps can be operated by electrical signals from any suitable source. In particular, the lamps can be individually operated from electrical contacts individual to, and operated by the depression of, the keys of a keyboard. The operation of the lamps can be the sole purpose of such a keyboard, or can be ancillary to the main purpose thereof which may be a teleprinter, or a typewriter, for example.
The present code-generator can be utilised to amplify the coding facilities provided by the electrical signal code generator described in the following description of FIG. 2 by providing electric contacts individual to the keys of the said generator, and connecting such contacts to the lamps of the code generator shown in FIG. 1. The light guides could be of any desired shape in plan which was suitable for any particular application.
Alternatively, the code card could be arranged for controlled movement in front of one lamp, or several lamps, so as to select any desired code, or group of codes, for transmission. In such a case, the light could be, for example, rods of small diameter or other cross-section, and could be of any length and shape, determined by the requirements of any application. The movement of the card would be controlled in any known manner under control of a keyboard, or under control of electric signals, for example. It is clear that the code card can be selected from a number carrying different code combinations.
In FIG. 2, each key, one of which is shown depressed, esesntially consists of a flat stamping 21 of sheet metal with two substantially parallel horizontal lines 22, 23, of
' holes 24 stamped along its length, the holes in the rows being equal in number and successive pairs of holes A, A; B, B; etc. in the two rows each being vertically in line.
The keys are supported side by side in close array in any desired manner and controlled so that when idle, the keys are all horizontally in line so that the y holes in each row are in line and form y tunnels 27 through the array of keys, thus providing an upper row 25 and a lower row 26 of tunnels in each row. The number y corresponds to the number of elements or bits in binary signal code words to be formed by the keyset.
As shown, the holes 24 in the keys 21 are horizontal slots, but they may be of any desired shape.
A row of light sources 28, y in number, which can be constituted by a single tubular flash lamp, is disposed opposite the lower row of tunnels 26 at one end of the tunnels, and a now of light responsive devices 29, one per tunnel, is disposed opposite the lower row of tunnels 26 at the other end so that light can pass through each tunnel from a light source to a light responsive device. The lower row of tunnels 26 thus constitute light guides.
The purpose of the upper row of holes 25 in the keys 21 is to form binary codes. The codes are formed by blocking out any desired selection of holes in the upper row in any desired manner, for example, by sticking a removable opaque patch 30 over each hole to be blocked out. The patches can all be individual to a hole, or
3 patches of varying lengths can be used according to the number of adjacent holes to be blocked.
Keys can be stamped having permanent codes formed in the upper row or holes, but by forming a standard key blank, and removably blocking out holes as required, the keys are cheap to make and the individual codes can be easily changed. The keys can, of course, generate several codes simultaneously, each controlled by at least one tunnel.
The keys are mounted so that they can be individually depressed, on a common pivot 01' on linkages, and their movements are controlled so as to bring the upper line of holes in a depressed key into line with the lower rows of holes in the other keys, as indicated in FIG. 2, whereby the patches on the upper row of holes on the depressed key obscure the corresponding tunnels in the lower row of tunnels 26.
In this way, light cannot pass to the light-responsive devices at the ends of the tunnels thus obscured, and the combination of operated and unoperated light-responsive devices thus formed indicates the binary code oi the depressed key.
The light sources are preferably flash lamps operated to send pulses of light down the unobscured tunnels when a key is operated. Alternatively, the light sources could be continuously illuminated, and the code formed by obscuring some of the tunnels: in this case, the photo-electric cells could be rendered operative on the depression of any key.
The light-responsive devices will be wired to any suitable electrical code responsive equipment capable of detecting in turn a succession of codes signalled by the depression in turn or any desired sequence of keys, and signalling the successive codes to any type of recording or transmission equipment as desired. The keys are stamped from aluminium, steel, or any other suitable material. Adequate light transmission is obtained without the need for a perfect line-up of the holes forming a tunnel. Neither need the key bodies be in contact: they can be spaced by about their own width, or less. The internal faces of the slots are bright and assist light transmission by zigzag reflections through the tunnels, in addition to unimpeded light transmission.
The light transmission tunnels could be formed independently of the keys, but apertured for the passage of obscuring prongs or the like carried by the keys. This and any other desired method of providing a row of light tunnels and means individual to each key of a keyboard for obscuring a predetermined selection of such tunnels when depressed is within the scope of the invention.
In addition to the code slots in the keys, the keys can be provided each with at least one additional hole in the lower row, so that the depression of any one key will obscure an additional tunnel so formed. The depression of such a key will cut off a continuously-illuminated light source at one end of the tunnel from a light-responsive device "at the other end of the tunnel, thus generating a electrical signal indicating that a key has been depressed. This signal is valuahle, and its production in this way, rather than by the use or the key as an electric contact, allows the use of uninsul ated metallic keys.
What is claimed is:
1. Electrical signal code generating equipment for generating multi-element electrical code signals comprising a stack of plates of light-transmitting material, one plate per code element, means comprising light sources at a first position on said stack for supplying light to each plate in said stack, a row of-light-detecting means normal to said stack at another position thereon for responding to light signals from said light sources transmitted through said plates to said detecting devices, and code selecting means in the light transmission paths between said light sources and said light detecting means, which code selecting means are formed with rows of holes normal to said stack of plates, each row comprising a hole corresponding to each of a selection of said plates for selectively applying a particular multi-element code signal to said light-detecting means based on a multi-element code system having as many elements as there are plates in said stack.
2. Electrical signal code generating equipment for generating multi-element electrical code signals, comprising an array of basically identical keyboard elements, each element having a :plurality of holes transversely therethrongh and positioned in upper and lower approximately parallel rows extending longitudinally of the element, said elements being positioned side by side with the holes substantially in alignment whereby a row of approximately horizontal light transmitting tunnels each having an input end and an output end are defined by respectively positioned holes of said lower row, hole obscuring means mounted over at least one of the holes of said upper row on each element to form tor each element a combination of unobscured and obscured holes unique to the element, said elements being movable to a displaced position at which the holes of said upper now of the moved element are brought into alignment with the holes of said lower rows of the undisplaced elements, light means positioned at the input end of each tunnel to project a light beam into the respective tunnel, and an individual photoelectric device for each of the tunnels respectively, each device being positioned at the out-put end of its respective tunnel to produce an electric signal in response to the presence of light emitted at the output of the tunnel.
3. Equipment as set forth in claim 2, wherein said hole obscuring means comprises opaque stickers stuck to the element over the respective hole of the element.
\ References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,408,754 10/1946 Bush 178-79 2,438,825 3/1948 Roth 178-17 2,709,001 5/1955 Stahl 23561.l2 2,953,300 9/1960 OBrian et a1 23561.12 3,017,463 1/1962 Dinsmore et al. 178-79 FOREIGN PATENTS 469,809 8/1937 Great Britain.
OTHER REFERENCES IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 3, No. '11,
April 1961, entitled Photo Keyboard, by Lynott.
NEIL C. REID, Primary Examiner.
ROBERT H. ROSE, Examiner.
A. I. DUNN, T. A. ROBINSON, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

  1. 2. ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CODE GENERATING EQUIPMENT FOR GENERATING MULTI-ELEMENT ELECTRICAL CODE SIGNALS, COMPRISING AN ARRAY OF BASICALLY IDENTICAL KEYBOARD ELEMENTS, EACH ELEMENT HAVING A PLURALITY OF HOLES TRANSVERSELY THERETHROUGH AND POSITIONED IN UPPER AND LOWER APPROXIMATELY PARALLEL ROWS EXTENDING LONGITUDINALLY OF THE ELEMENT, SAID ELEMENTS BEING POSITIONED SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE HOLES SUBSTANTIALLY IN ALIGNMENT WHEREBY A ROW OF APPROXIMATELY HORIZONTAL LIGHT TRANSMITTING TUNNELS EACH HAVING AN INPUT END AND AN OUTPUT END ARE DEFINED BY RESPECTIVELY POSITIONED HOLES OF SAID LOWER ROW, HOLE OBSCURING MEANS MOUNTED OVER AT LEAST ONE OF THE HOLES OF SAID UPPER ROW ON EACH ELEMENT TO FORM FOR EACH ELEMENT A COMBINATION
US191188A 1961-05-02 1962-04-30 Electrical signal code generating equipment Expired - Lifetime US3253087A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603982A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-09-07 Ncr Co Data entry means
US3637992A (en) * 1969-07-08 1972-01-25 Gretag Ag Method and apparatus for checking the presence of a set of information-bearing cards
US3676689A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-07-11 Ibm Optical code generating apparatus
US3750150A (en) * 1971-08-06 1973-07-31 Int Standard Electric Corp Photoelectric keyboard for data input devices or the like
US3856127A (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-12-24 U Halfon Photo-optical keyboard
US4795900A (en) * 1986-03-27 1989-01-03 Sadao Kokubu Optical switch device employing a fluorescent substance with a radioactive element as a light source

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB469809A (en) * 1936-01-31 1937-08-03 Creed & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to telegraph keyboard transmitters
US2408754A (en) * 1944-07-27 1946-10-08 Teleregister Corp Photoelectric transmitting typewriter apparatus
US2438825A (en) * 1945-06-16 1948-03-30 Trans Lux Corp Selector
US2709001A (en) * 1952-10-10 1955-05-24 Walter A Stahl Sorting stamp
US2953300A (en) * 1957-01-22 1960-09-20 Edward D O'brian Tabulating constructions
US3017463A (en) * 1959-04-10 1962-01-16 Bendix Corp Keyboard apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB469809A (en) * 1936-01-31 1937-08-03 Creed & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to telegraph keyboard transmitters
US2408754A (en) * 1944-07-27 1946-10-08 Teleregister Corp Photoelectric transmitting typewriter apparatus
US2438825A (en) * 1945-06-16 1948-03-30 Trans Lux Corp Selector
US2709001A (en) * 1952-10-10 1955-05-24 Walter A Stahl Sorting stamp
US2953300A (en) * 1957-01-22 1960-09-20 Edward D O'brian Tabulating constructions
US3017463A (en) * 1959-04-10 1962-01-16 Bendix Corp Keyboard apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603982A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-09-07 Ncr Co Data entry means
US3637992A (en) * 1969-07-08 1972-01-25 Gretag Ag Method and apparatus for checking the presence of a set of information-bearing cards
US3676689A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-07-11 Ibm Optical code generating apparatus
US3750150A (en) * 1971-08-06 1973-07-31 Int Standard Electric Corp Photoelectric keyboard for data input devices or the like
US3856127A (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-12-24 U Halfon Photo-optical keyboard
US4795900A (en) * 1986-03-27 1989-01-03 Sadao Kokubu Optical switch device employing a fluorescent substance with a radioactive element as a light source

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