US3250365A - Apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types - Google Patents

Apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types Download PDF

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Publication number
US3250365A
US3250365A US364846A US36484664A US3250365A US 3250365 A US3250365 A US 3250365A US 364846 A US364846 A US 364846A US 36484664 A US36484664 A US 36484664A US 3250365 A US3250365 A US 3250365A
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stop
type
faces
actuating
actuating members
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US364846A
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English (en)
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Klingner Wolfgang
Konig Werner
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Olympia Werke AG
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Olympia Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J7/00—Type-selecting or type-actuating mechanisms
    • B41J7/92—Impact adjustment; Means to give uniformity of impression
    • B41J7/94—Character-by-character adjustment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by the type actions of a typewriter or like business machine, and more particularly to an apparatus by 'which the impact forces of the type actions can be proportionately adjusted in upper case position as well as in lower case position.
  • the types of a typewriter representing different characters have difierent areas.
  • the character in has a greater area than the symbol and consequently requires a greater impact force than the period type to produce an imprint of corresponding density as is required for producing a uniform appearance of a typewritten text, and moreover for producing carbon copies having a uniform appearance.
  • the typewriter is shifted from the lower case position to the upper case position, a different impact force is required for the same type action, since the capital letter M has a greater area than the lower case letter m.”
  • the type actions of electric typewriters are actuated by power rolls driving actuating members connected to the type actions.
  • different impact forces are produced for upper case characters and lower case characters by permitting the actuating members of different type actions to travel a shorter or longer distance when accelerated by the power roll, and such distance is determined by stop means causing separation of a stopped actuating member from the power roll.
  • stop means causing separation of a stopped actuating member from the power roll.
  • Apparatus according to the prior art has the disadvantage that the adjustment of the several type lever actions can only be made accurate for one position of the apparatus.
  • all type lever actions and actuating members can be adjusted to produce substantially uniform imprints for all types, irrespective of the area of the type faces, but such adjustment is only correct when, for example, one original and one carbon copy is produced.
  • adjusting means are manually operated by which the impact forces of all type lever actions are increased by the same amount.
  • the impact force of the types having a small type face area is increased by the same force, as is the impact force of the type representing a character having a larger type face area.
  • the symbols having a small type face area will perforate several carbon copies when the large area capital letters have a sufficient impact force to produce several carbon copies.
  • the impact forces of the large area type faces will be insufiicient.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions so that each type engages the-platen with an impact force proportionate to the area of the type face, irrespective of whether the typewriter is set to upper case position or to lower case position.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions so that the impact forces can be increased or decreased for all types in accordance with the operational conditions, while remaining in a ratio to each other determined by the ratio of the areas of the respective type cases.
  • Another object of the invention is to simultaneously adjust the length of the stroke of actuating members driven by power roll, so that the types of type actions operated by the actuating members produce impact forces proportionate to the areas of the respective type faces, irrespective of whether a greater or smaller impact force is required of all type actions.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by the type actions of a typewriter or like machine.
  • One embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of actuating members for type actions operable between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging a power roll so as to be moved by the same in one direction for actuating a type action, and having stop portions, preferably with angularly staggered stop faces; a stop means engaged by the stop faces during movement of the actuating members; and adjusting means for adjusting the position of stop means.
  • the stop faces of the stop portions in the position of rest are spaced from the stop means different distances so that the actuating members are stopped and disengaged from the power roll after traveling different distances selected in accordance with the impact force required by each type action due to the area of the type face of its type.
  • the adjusting means move the stop means along a path which is so disposed relative to the stop faces of the stop portions of the actuating members that the different distances between the stop faces and the stop means are increased or reduced in such a manner that the im-" pact forces of the types of the type actions are proportionately increased or reduced.
  • a plurality of stop means are mounted on an elongated member, each stop means cooperating with one of the actuating members and being adjustable.
  • Each stop means preferably includes two angularly spaced threaded adjustable stop pins which respectively cooperate with the actuating members when the machine is set either to the upper case condition or to the lower case condition.
  • the member which supports the stop pins is mounted on supporting lever means by which it can be moved toward and away from the stop faces of all actuating members.
  • a control link means causes turning of the member carrying the stop pins on the support lever means so that the stop pins perform a composite movement along a path which is disposed relative to the differently slanted stop faces of the correlated stop portions so that the impact forces of the respective type actions are proportionately increased or reduced when the apparatus is adjusted.
  • the type lever actions and actuating members which have stop portions having the same inclination of the stop faces, are divided into, and arranged in groups.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side view illustrating a type action and the apparatus of the invention in a position of rest in the lower case condition of the typewriter;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side view corresponding to FIG. 1 illustrating the apparatus in a position of rest in the upper case condition of the typewriter;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side view on an enlarged scale illustrating an adjusted position of the apparatus in the lower case condition of the typewriter;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side view on an enlarged scale illustrating an adjusted position of the apparatus in the upper case condition of the typewriter;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, pa-r-tly schematic side view' illustrating several adjusted positions of the apparatus for the actuating member of a type action having a type requiring a great impact force;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, partly schematic side view illustrating the actuating member of a type action associated with a type requiring an average impact force
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, partly schematic side view illustrating the actuating member of a type action having a type requiring a small impact force.
  • a drive lever 2 is mounted for turning movement about a shaft 1, on which a series of corresponding drive levers is mounted in the same manner, only one drive lever being illustrated for the sake of simplicity.
  • Each drive lever 2 is'biased by a spring 23 secured to the frame of the machine, and connected by link 3 to an intermediate lever 4 connected by a wire link 5 to the type bar 6 which is mounted in the usual manner on a segment 26 on which a series of type bars is supported for movement toward and away from the platen, not shown, of the typewriter.
  • Each drive lever 2 carries an actuating member 7 which is mounted on a pivot pin 2a for turning movement between the position of rest shown in FIGS.
  • a spring 8 connects a project-ion of drive lever 2 with a projecting arm ofactuating member 7 to urge the same to the actuated position.
  • a latch 9 is mounted on drive lever 2 and has a stop 9:: engaging a shoulder 7a of actuating member 7 under the action of a spring so that spring 8 cannot turn actuating member 7 until latch 9 is turned in counterclockwise direction so that its projection 9a releases actuating member 7.
  • a series of key levers 10 is mounted on the frame of the machine, each key lever .10 having a projection 10a cooperating with an arm 9b of latch 9 so that depression of any key will cause turning of latch 9 by projection 10a and release of actuating member 7 for turning movement in clockwise direction under the action of spring 8 into engagement with the power roll which will drive actuating member in downward direction together with drive lever 2 so that the type action is actuated and type bar 6 turns toward the platen until the type thereon engages the platen, or a paper thereon, witha certain impact force.
  • Each actuating member 7 has a stop portion or stop arm 70 whose lower edge is bent over to form a stop face 70!. Only one actuating member is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 for the sake of simplicity, but it will be understood that a row of actuating members 7 corresponding to a row of type action is provided.
  • the stop arms 7c, and more particularly the stop faces 7d of different actuating members are angularly staggered relative to each other, as shown for three actuating members in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
  • the inclination of the stop faces 70! influences the impact force of the type of the respective type action
  • a shaft 16 is mounted on the frame of the machine, and carries a pair of eccentric members 16a which are respectively located in circular bores of two support levers 15.
  • Support levers 15 are located at the oppositeends of the row of actuating members 7, and support a member 14 extending across all stop portions 70, and being turnable on support levers 15 about pivot means 14a.
  • a part secured to at least one support lever 15 has a slot 15a receiving a guide pin 17 which is secured to the frame of the machine.
  • a gear 19 is secured to one eccentric member 16a, and thereby to shaft 16, and meshes with a gear segment 18a on a manually operated memberlS.
  • member 18 is turned in clockwise direction, the eccentric members 16a are turned so that support lever means 15 are turned in counterclockwise direction and lowered whereby member 14 is lowered.
  • An arm 14b is secured to member 14 for turning movement therewith about pivot means 14a, and is articulated to a control link 20.
  • An arm 15b of support lever means 15 is articulated to a second link 22, and links 20 and 22 are connected to each other and to a Link 21 is pivotally connected to a shifting arm 25 which is secured to a shifting shaft 24 and turns with the same between the positions shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Shifting shaft 24 is turned by another arm, not shown, operated by the shift keys of the machine by which the type segment 26 is shifted between an upper case position and a lower case position, or the other arm on shifting shaft 24 may be linked directly with the type segment and operated by the same so that shifting arm 25 is in the position of FIG. 1 when segment 26 is in the lower case position shown in FIG. 1, and is in the position shown in FIG. 2 when segment 26 is in the upper case position in which capital letters and symbols are typed.
  • Member 14 is U-shaped and has two legs pivotally mounted on the two support levers 15, and an elongated yoke provided with'pairs of threaded bores which are respectively located opposite the stop faces 7d of the several actuating members 7.
  • a row of stop pins 12 will cooperate with the stop faces 7c of the row of actuating members 7, and in the upper case position of FIG. 2, the row of stop pins 13 will cooperate with stop faces 7d.
  • ⁇ Vhen member 18 is manually turned out of the position shown in FIG. 1, eccentric member 16a will lower member 14a, as explained above. Assuming the machine to be in the lower case condition, member 14 will move out of the control position shown in FIG. 1 in solid lines, and in FIG. 3 in chain lines, and will finally assume the control position shown in solid lines in FIG. 3. Control links 21, 22, 20 will be effective to turn member 14 in clockwise direction about pivot means 14a which moves in the support lever member so that member 14 moves out of the position shown in chain lines to the position shown in solid lines in FIG. 3. Lowering of member 14 causes lowering of link 22 so that pivot a moving along a circular path with a center at the pivot on arm 25, will pull link 20 to the left as viewed in FIG. 3.
  • Stop pin 12 cooperates with stop face 7d in both positions, and in all intermediate positions, but it will be seen that the distance between stop face 7d and-stop pin 12 in the chain line position of FIG. 3 is smaller than in the position shown in solid lines in FIG.3 so that actuating member 7 can move a greater distance when driven by the power roll before engaging pin 12 in the position shown in solid lines.
  • pins 13 cooperate with stop faces 7d, and are spaced a greater distance from the same than pins 12 in the position of FIG. 1, as is required due to the greater surface area of the capital letters typed in the upper case condition of the machine.
  • supporting lever means 15 lowers member 14 which is simultaneously turned by the control link means 20, 21, 22 which due to the different position of shifting arm 25, turn member 14 a greater angle than in the lower case condition of the machine.
  • Pin 13 will cooperate with a respective stop face 7d in the two positions shown in FIG. 4, and in all intermediate positions, and it will be seen that the distance between stop face 7d and stop pin 13 in the solid line position, is in a different ratio to the distance between stop face 7d and stop pin 13 in the chain line position, as compared with the corresponding positions shown in FIG. 3.
  • the apparatus is initially adjusted by threading each stop pin 13 more or less deeply into member 14, under consideration of the inclination of the stop face 7d of tion of stop face 7d, corresponding to FIG. 3, and FIG. 7'
  • stop face 70! shows an even steeper slant of stop face 70!. It will be seen that a stop face inclined as shown in FIG. 5, cooperating with stop pins 12 or 13 adjusted as shown in FIG. 5, will permit the actuating member to travel the greatest distance when driven by the power roll and thus accelerate the respective type lever action for a longer time period resulting ina greater impact force of the respective type, as compared with the position of FIG. 6 where the actuating member 7 travels a shorter distance before being stopped by pin 12, or as compared with the position of FIG. 7 in which the actuating member 7 travels the shortest distance before being stopped, as is required for symbols having a small type face area.
  • Stop pins 12 and 13 are turned to the positions shown in broken lines in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 by operation of member 18. It will be seen that the actuating members shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, which are associated with type faces having different areas, are stopped by stop pins 12 in broken line positions after having traveled a distance which is about of the initial distance between stop face 7d and stop pin 12, irrespective of the fact that this distance is different for each of the three actuating members. Consequently, the adjusting means 15 to 18 and 20 and 22 effect an increase of the impact forces of the types of the type actions in proportion to the initial impact forces.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show in thin lines the positions of stop pins 12 and 13 in the upper case condition of the machine, and as explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, this position is obtained by turning the shifting means 24, 25'.
  • the adjusting means 15 to 18, and 20 to 22 are operated, pins 12 and 13 turn from the positions shown in thin lines to the positions shown in dash and dot lines in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, which results also in a proportionate adjustment of the impact forces of all type lever actions while the machine is in the upper case position.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show in chain lines four actuated and stopped positions of stop arms 7.
  • the first position with the shortest distance of travel of actuating member 7, is determined by stop 12 in the lower case position.
  • the next following position is determined by stop 13 in the upper case position, both positions corresponding to the position of member 18 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the third position of stop arm 7 shows the'stop face engaged by stop pin 12 in the lower case position when member '18 is turned all the way in clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • the fourth position of stop arm 70 shows the same stopped by stop pin 13 in the upper case position when member 18 is turned all the way in clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 only shows two displaced positions of stop arm 70 in chain lines.
  • the first position is assumed when stop pin 12 is effective in the lower case position and in the small impact position of member 18 shown in FIG. I.
  • Stop arm 70 is stopped in the second position illustrated in chain lines either when stop pin 13 is operative in the upper case position, or when stop pin 12 in the lower case position or stop pin 13 in the-upper case position have been turned by operation of member 18 to the position illustrated in broken and chain lines in FIG. 6.
  • Adjustment between only two impact forces is required for types controlled by stop means as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the effective area of almost all types is different, and in order to avoid the necessity of providing a differently constructed actuating member 7 with differently inclined and slanted stop faces for each character, groups of identical actuating members are used for groups of types having substantially the same area.
  • the slant of the stop faces of each group of actuating members is the same, and corresponds to the average desired impact force for the respective group of characters.
  • the machine is assembled with actuating members 7 selected in accordance with the area of the respective type, and stop pins 12 and 13 are adjusted for each actuating member to permit the same a certain distance of travel in upper case condition and in lower case condition of the machine with the minimum impact force.
  • the operator turns member 18 in clockwise direction while the machine is, for example, in the lower case position, and displaces all pins 12, which are operative in the lower case position, until pins 12 are spaced suitable distances from the correlated stop faces 7d, such distances being different for each group of actuating members and type faces of substantially the same area, and in proportion to the initially adjusted distance. Consequently, the impact forces of all type lever actions are increased, in proportion to the initial impact force which was adjusted to produce uniform imprints of all type faces.
  • shifting means 24, 25 are turned from the position of FIG. 1 to the position of FIG. 2, and irrespective in which adjusted position member 18 and supporting lever means 15 are, member 14 is turned by the control link means 20 to 22 to the position of FIG. 2, in which stop pin 13 is spaced a suitable distance from the corresponding stop face 7d so as to produce an impact force enabling the larger capital letter to produce an imprint corresponding to the previously made imprint of the same lower case letter.
  • pivot means 14a moves not only toward and away from stop arms 70, but also to some extent parallel to the same while guide pin 17 slides in slot 15a.
  • the adjusting means 16, 19, 18 of stop means 12, 13 cause a composite movement of each operative series of stop pins 12 or 13 along a path which, as best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, is disposed in relation to the respective stop faces of the actuating members as to cause a proportionate increase of the initial adjusted distance between the stop faces and the stop means so that also the impact forces of the types are proportionately increased, or reduced when member 18 counterclockwise direction.
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions comprising, in combination, a frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; an elongated stop means extending in the direction of said power roll, and being narrow in a transverse direction; manually operable means for moving said stop means along a path in said transverse direction between a plurality of stop positions; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said power roll and said stop means and being operable in parallel planes extending in said transverse direction between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same for actuating a type action, said actuating members having elongated.
  • stopfaces respectively located in said planes angularly staggered relative to each other, to said path, and to the direction of movement of said actuating members, each of said stop faces being spaced in said position of rest'diiferent distances from said stop means in each of said stop positions, said stop faces engaging said stop means during movement of said actuating members so that said actuating members are stopped and disengaged from said power roll after travelling different distances in accordance with the impact force required by each type action due to the area of the type thereof; the different distances between said stop faces and said stop means being increased or reduced in said stop positions in such a manner that the impact forces of the types of the type actions are proportionately increased or reduced.
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions comprising, in combination, a frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; an elongated member extending in the direction of said power roll; a plurality of stop means spaced along the length of said member, and being narrow in a transverse direction; manually operable means for moving said stop means along a path in said transverse direction between a plurality of stop positions; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said powerroll and said elongated member and being operable between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same for actuating a type action, said actuating members having elongated stop faces respectively located in said planes angularly staggered relative to each other, to said path, and to the direction of movement of said actuating members, each of said stop faces being spaced in said position of rest different distances from said stop means in each of said stop positions, respectively, said stop faces being respectively located opposite said stop means, and
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions comprising, in combinatron, a'frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; an elongated member extending in the direction of said power roll; a plurality of stop means spaced along the length of said member, each stop means including two angularly spaced stop pins, pairs of stop pins being located in parallel transverse planes; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said power roll and said member and being operable in said planes, respectively, between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same in one direction for actuating a type action, said actuatin g members having elongated stop faces angularly staggered relative to each other and to said one direction, and spaced in said position of rest different distances from said stop means, respectively, said stop faces being respectively located opposite said stop means, and enga'g ing said stop means during movement in said direction so that said actuating members are stopped and
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions comprising, in combination, a frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; support lever means mounted on said frame for movement; an elongated member mounted on said support lever means for turning movement about an axis parallel to said power roll; a plurality of stop means spaced along the length of said member; control link means connected to said member spaced from said axis and being articulated to said frame and to said support lever means so that movement of said support lever means will cause turning movement of said member relative to said support lever means; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said member and operable between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same in one direction for actuating a type action, said actuating members having stop arms with stop faces positioned to engage said stop means, respectively, during movement in said direction so that the respective actuating member is stopped and disengaged from said power roll, said stop faces being angularly staggered relative to each other and space
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions comprising, in combination, a frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; support lever means mounted on said frame for movement; an elongated member mounted on said support lever means for turning movement about an axis parallel to said power roll; a plurality of stop rneans spaced along the length of said member, each stop means including a pair of angularly spaced stop pins; control link means connected to said member spaced from said axis and being articulated to said frame and to said support lever means so that movement of said support lever means will cause turning movement of said member relative to said support lever means; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said member and operable between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same in one direction for actuating a type action, said actuating members having stop arms with stop faces positioned to engage said stop means, respectively, during movement in said direction so that the respective actuating member is stopped and disengaged
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions comprising, in combination, a frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; support lever means mounted on said frame for movement; an elongated member mounted on said support level means for turning movement about an axis parallel to said power roll; a plurality of stop means spaced along the length of said member; control link means connected to said member spaced from said axis and being articulated to said frame and to said support lever means so that movement of said support lever means will cause turning movement of said member relative to said support lever means; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said member and operable between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same in one direction for actuating a type action, said actuating members having stop arms with stop faces positioned to engage said stop means, respectively, during movement in said direction so.
  • said stop faces being angularly staggered relative to each other and spaced in said positions of rest different distances from the respective corresponding stop means, said distances being in a selected ratio to the impact force required by the respective type action due to the area of the type thereof;
  • said support lever having a slot; a guide pin fixed on said frame located in said slot; adjusting means including an eccentric member located in a bore of said support lever means, and manually operable means for turning said eccentric member for moving said support lever means with said turnable member so that said support lever means moves about said guide pin when said manually operable means is turned, and moves between a plurality of adjusted positions spaced different distances from said stop faces of said stop arms so that said control link means turns said turnable member on said support lever means whereby each stop means moves in a composite movement along a path disposed relative to said stop face of the correlated stop arm so that the different distances between said stop faces and the correlated stop means are increased or reduced by different increments in such
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces for types carried by type actions comprising, in combination, a frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; support lever means mounted on said frame for movement; a plurality of stop means spaced along the length of said member; control link-means including'an arm secured to said member for turning movement, a first link articulated to said arm, a second link articulated to said support lever means, a pivot connecting said first and second links, and a third link connected with said pivot; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said member and operable between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same in one direction for actuating a type action, said actuating members having stop arms with stop faces positioned to engage said stop means, respectively, during movement in said direction so that the respective actuating member is stopped and disengaged from said power roll, said stop faces being angularly staggered relative to each other and spaced in said positions of rest different distances from the respective corresponding stop means
  • An apparatus for adjusting the impact forces of types carried by type actions comprising, in combination, a frame; a power roll mounted on said frame; an elongated stop'means extending in the direction of said power roll; support means for said stop means mounted on said frame for movement along a path, said support means having a bore, and including link means connected to said stop means for turning the same during movement of said support means; a plurality of actuating members for type actions spaced along said power roll and said stop means and being operable between a position of rest, and an actuated position engaging said power roll so as to be moved by the same for actuating a type action, said actuating members having stop portions spaced in said position of rest different distances from said stop means and engaging the same during movement by said power roll so that said actuating members are stopped and disengaged from said power roll after traveling different distances selected in accordance with the impact force required by each type action due to the area of the type thereof; and manually operated adjusting means including an eccentric member in said bore and being manually turnable for moving
  • stop portions have stop faces cooperating with' said stop means and being angularly displaced relative .to each other, said stop faces being elongated along the path of movement of said stop means.
  • said link means includes a lever mounted on said frame and adapted to be shifted between two positions correspond ing to upper case'and lower case positions of the type actions so that said stop means is turned on said support means between two positions spaced different dis-' tances from said stop portions.

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DEO9393A DE1190008B (de) 1963-05-02 1963-05-02 Anschlagreguliereinrichtung fuer Typenhebel in Schreib- oder aehnlichen Maschinen

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US3623587A (en) * 1968-04-20 1971-11-30 Triumph Werke Nuernberg Ag Type action drive
US3860103A (en) * 1973-02-28 1975-01-14 Litton Business Systems Inc Segment shift arrangement

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL125511C (xx)
SE315607B (xx) 1969-10-06
DE1190008B (de) 1965-04-01
CH407179A (de) 1966-02-15
GB1059939A (en) 1967-02-22
NL6404852A (xx) 1964-11-03

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